2026年英语六级《阅读》考试题库

2026年英语六级《阅读》考试题库PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"digitalnomads"hasevolvedfromanichelifestyletoasignificantglobalworkforcetrend.Initially,thetermwasusedtodescribeasmallgroupoftech-savvyfreelancerswholeveragedtheinternettoworkwhiletraveling.However,theproliferationofremoteworktechnologiesandthechangingattitudesofemployershave(36)______thisphenomenonintothemainstream.Companiesareincreasinglyrealizingthatproductivityisnottiedtoaspecificphysicallocation,andemployeesareprioritizing(37)______overthetraditional9-to-5officeroutine.Despitetheapparentfreedom,thedigitalnomadlifestyleisnotwithoutitschallenges.Oneofthemostpressingissuesisthelegalandtax(38)______ofworkingacrossborders.Nomadsoftenfindthemselvesnavigatingacomplexwebofvisaregulationsandtaxliabilitiesthatwerenotdesignedforaworkforcethatchangeslocationseveryfewmonths.Furthermore,thereisthepsychologicaltollofconstantmovement.WhileInstagramprofilesmayshowcase(39)______beachesandco-workingspaceswithpanoramicviews,therealityofteninvolveslonelinessandalackofstablesocial(40)______.Anothercriticalaspectistheeconomicimpactonthedestinationsthesenomadschoose.Whiletheybringinforeigncurrencyandsupportlocalbusinesses,theycanalsocontributeto(41)______,drivinguphousingpricesandthecostoflivingforlocalresidents.Thishasledtosomepushbackinpopulardestinations,wherelocalsfeeltheircommunitiesarebeing(42)______bytransientforeigners.Tomitigatethesetensions,somecitiesareimplementingspecificpoliciestoattractlong-termvisitorswhileprotectingtheinterestsofthelocalpopulation.Ultimately,theriseofdigitalnomadsrepresentsafundamentalshiftinthewayweconceiveofworkandlife.Itchallengestheindustrial-agenotionthatworkmustbecentralizedand(43)______.Aswemovefurtherintothe2020s,itislikelythatwewillseemorehybridmodelsemerge,blendingthestabilityoftraditionalemploymentwiththe(44)______oflocationindependence.Thisshiftrequiresnotjustindividualadaptabilitybutalsoasystemicupdatetolaborlawsandurbanplanningto(45)______thisnewwayofliving.A.transformedB.flexibilityC.gentrificationD.complexitiesE.idyllicF.networksG.structuredH.accommodateI.skepticismJ.displacementK.allureL.strictlyM.obstaclesN.inadvertentlyO.prioritizedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Questions46to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedaheateddebateregardingitsimpactonthecreativeindustries.Fordecades,creativitywasconsideredthefinalbastionofhumansuperiorityovermachines—adomainrequiringemotionaldepth,subjectiveexperience,andintuition.However,withtheadventofgenerativeAImodelscapableofproducingstunningvisualart,composingcomplexmusic,andwritingcoherentprose,thisassumptionisbeingrigorouslytested.B.ProponentsofAIinartarguethatthesetechnologiesaremerelytools,muchlikethecamerawastothepainterinthe19thcentury.TheybelievethatAIlowersthebarriertoentryforcreativeexpression,allowingindividualswithoutformaltrainingtovisualizetheirideas.Byautomatingmundanetasks,suchasrenderingorcolorcorrection,AIallowsartiststofocusontheconceptualaspectsoftheirwork.Inthisview,AIactsasaforcemultiplierforhumancreativityratherthanareplacement.C.Conversely,criticsexpressdeepconcernaboutthedevaluationofhumanartistry.TheypointoutthatAImodelsaretrainedonvastdatasetsofexistinghumanwork,oftenwithouttheconsentorcompensationoftheoriginalcreators.Thisraisesprofoundethicalquestionsaboutcopyrightandintellectualproperty.IfanAIcanreplicateaspecificartist'sstyleinseconds,whatincentiveremainsforthatartisttospendyearshoningtheircraft?D.Theeconomicimplicationsareequallysignificant.Theentertainmentindustry,whichreliesheavilyoncreativelabor,isalreadyexperimentingwithAI-generatedscriptsanddigitalactors.Whilethiscouldreduceproductioncosts,italsothreatensthelivelihoodsofwriters,animators,andactors.UnionsandguildsareincreasinglydemandingsafeguardstoensurethatAIisusedtoassisthumanworkersratherthanreplacethementirely.E.Fromaphilosophicalstandpoint,thedefinitionof"art"itselfisunderscrutiny.Traditionally,thevalueofartwastiedtotheintentandthehandoftheartist.Apaintingwasvaluablebecauseahumanbeingpouredtheiremotionandeffortintoit.Ifanalgorithmgeneratesanimagebasedonmathematicalprobabilityandpatternrecognition,canittrulyevokethesameemotionalresponse?Doesthelackofconsciousintentdiminishtheaestheticvalueofthework?F.However,thecounter-argumentsuggeststhattheaudience'sexperienceisparamount.Ifavieweronanonlineartgallerycannotdistinguishbetweenahuman-madedigitalpaintingandonegeneratedbyAI,andbothevokeasenseofwonder,doestheoriginmatter?Thisperspectiveshiftsthefocusfromthecreator'sprocesstotheconsumer'sreception.Itpositsthatartisdefinedbyitsimpactontheobserver,notthemethodofitscreation.G.Thereisalsotheissueofbiasandculturalhomogenization.SinceAImodelsaretrainedoninternetdata,whichisheavilyskewedtowardsWesternperspectivesandEnglish-languagecontent,thereisariskthatAI-generatedartwilllackculturalnuance.Thiscouldleadtoaflatteningofglobalculturaldiversity,whereuniquelocalartistictraditionsaredrownedoutbyageneric,algorithmicallyoptimizedaesthetic.H.Despitetheseconcerns,theintegrationofAIintocreativefieldsseemsinevitable.EducationalinstitutionsarebeginningtoincorporateAIliteracyintotheirfineartscurricula,teachingstudentshowtopromptandcollaboratewithalgorithms.Theemergingskillsetisnotjustabouttechnique,butaboutcurationanddirection.Theartistofthefuturemaybelessofacreatorandmoreofaconductor,guidingtheAItowardsadesiredoutput.I.Thelegallandscapeisstrugglingtokeeppace.Currentcopyrightlawsinmanyjurisdictionsrequirehumanauthorshipforaworktobecopyrightable.ThishasledtobizarrelegalbattleswhereAI-generatedartworksarebeingrejectedforprotection,leavingtheminthepublicdomain.ThislegallimbocreatesuncertaintyforbusinesseslookingtoinvestinAI-generatedcontent.J.Inconclusion,therelationshipbetweenAIandcreativityiscomplexandmultifaceted.Itisnotasimplebinaryoftechnologyversushumanity.Instead,wearewitnessingthebirthofanewcollaborativeparadigm.Whetherthisparadigmleadstoarenaissanceofcreativityoritscommodificationdependslargelyonthechoiceswemaketodayregardingregulation,ethics,andthevalueweplaceonhumanlabor.46.CriticsarguethatthetrainingprocessofAImodelsviolatestheintellectualpropertyrightsoforiginalhumancreators.47.Thedefinitionofartisbeingchallengedbythequestionofwhetheraworkcreatedwithoutconsciousintentcanstillholdaestheticvalue.48.SupporterscompareAItohistoricalinventionslikethecamera,viewingitasatoolthatenhanceshumanproductivity.49.ThereisariskthatAIcouldpromoteagenericaestheticduetothebiaspresentinthetrainingdata,oftenfavoringWesterncontent.50.TheeconomicimpactofAIextendstopotentialjoblossesintheentertainmentsector,promptingunionstoseekprotectivemeasures.51.Someobserversbelievethatthevalueofartliesinthereactionitprovokesintheaudience,regardlessofhowitwasproduced.52.CurrentcopyrightlawsoftenfailtoprotectAI-generatedworks,creatingastateofuncertaintyforcommercialinvestors.53.ArteducationisevolvingtoincludetrainingonhowtointeractwithanddirectAIalgorithmseffectively.54.ThecoreassumptionthatcreativityisauniquelyhumantraitisbeingquestionedbythecapabilitiesofmoderngenerativeAI.55.TheultimateoutcomeofAI'sintegrationintotheartswillbedeterminedbyregulatoryandethicaldecisionsmadeinthepresent.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thequestforlongevityhasbeenaconstantthemethroughouthumanhistory,butrecentscientificbreakthroughshavebroughtthepossibilityofsignificantlyextendingthehumanlifespanfromtherealmofsciencefictiontotangiblereality.Formostofthe20thcentury,theincreaseinlifeexpectancywasdrivenbyimprovementsinpublichealth,sanitation,andvaccination.However,thenextleapforwardislikelytocomefromthemolecularlevel,specificallythroughthemanipulationoftheagingprocessitself.Aging,onceconsideredaninevitableandunstoppabledecline,isincreasinglybeingviewedbybiologistsasatreatablemedicalcondition.Oneofthemostpromisingareasofresearchisthestudyofsenescentcells—oftencalled"zombiecells."Thesearecellsthathavestoppeddividingbutdon'tdie.Instead,theylingerinthebody,secretinginflammatorychemicalsthatdamagesurroundinghealthytissue.Thisaccumulationofsenescentcellsisahallmarkofagingandislinkedtovariousage-relateddiseases,includingosteoarthritis,atherosclerosis,andAlzheimer's.Scientistshavedevelopedaclassofdrugsknownassenolytics,whicharedesignedtoselectivelytargetandeliminatethesezombiecells.Inanimaltrials,senolyticshavebeenremarkablyeffective,notonlyextendinglifespanbutalsoextending"healthspan"—theperiodoflifespentingoodhealth.Micetreatedwiththesedrugsshowedimprovedheartfunction,reducedfrailty,andbetterphysicalendurance.Whilehumantrialsarestillintheearlystages,thepreliminaryresultsareencouraging.Anotheravenueofresearchinvolvescaloricrestrictionmimetics.Ithasbeenknownfordecadesthatseverelyreducingcalorieintake(withoutmalnutrition)extendslifespaninnearlyeveryorganismtested,fromyeasttoprimates.Themechanismbehindthisislinkedtoasetofsurvivalpathwaysactivatedwhenthebodysensesalackoffood.Researchersarenowsearchingfordrugsthatcantrickthebodyintoactivatingthesepathwayswithouttheneedforactualstarvation.Onesuchdrug,rapamycin,originallyanimmunosuppressant,hasshownpotentialinextendinglifeinmice,thoughitssideeffectsinhumansrequirecarefulmanagement.However,thepursuitoflongevityisnotwithoutethicalandsocietalimplications.Ifpeopleroutinelylivetobe100or120,theimpactonpensionsystems,healthcareresources,andtheworkforcewouldbeprofound.Thereisalsothequestionofinequality;willtheselife-extendingtherapiesbeavailableonlytothewealthy,creatingabiologicalclassdivide?Furthermore,somephilosophersarguethatdeathgivesmeaningtolifeandthateliminatingitcouldleadtosocietalstagnation.Despitetheseconcerns,themomentumbehindlongevityresearchisunstoppable.Billionairesareinvestingheavilyinbiotechstartups,andgovernmentsarerecognizingthepotentialeconomicbenefitsofahealthier,agingpopulation.Thegoalisnolongerjusttoavoiddying,buttostayyoungerforlonger.Aswestandonthebrinkofthisbiologicalrevolution,humanitymustprepareforafuturewherethetimelineoflifeisfundamentallyrewritten.56.Accordingtothepassage,theincreaseinlifeexpectancyinthe20thcenturywasprimarilydueto______.A)thedevelopmentofsenolyticdrugsB)advancementsinmolecularbiologyC)improvementsinpublichealthandsanitationD)thediscoveryofcaloricrestrictionmimetics57.Whatare"senescentcells"?A)Cellsthatdividerapidlytorepairtissue.B)Cellsthathavestoppeddividingandsecreteharmfulchemicals.C)Cellsthatarestrengthenedbycaloricrestriction.D)Cellsthatareresponsibleforimmunosuppression.58.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofsenolytics?A)Toactivatesurvivalpathwaysinthebody.B)Totrickthebodyintosensingalackoffood.C)Toselectivelyeliminatesenescentcells.D)Toimprovetheimmunesystemofelderlypatients.59.Whyisrapamycinmentionedinthepassage?A)AsanexampleofadrugthatsuccessfullytreatsAlzheimer's.B)Asacaloricrestrictionmimeticthatextendslifespaninanimalmodels.C)Toillustratethedangersofimmunosuppressants.D)Toprovethatstarvationistheonlywaytolivelonger.60.Whatisoneofthemajorsocietalconcernsregardingtheextensionofhumanlifespanmentionedinthepassage?A)Theriskofoverpopulationleadingtofoodshortages.B)Thepotentialforincreasedbiologicalclassinequality.C)Thelossofinterestinscientificresearch.D)Theimmediatecollapseofthebiotechindustry.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themodernglobaleconomyisincreasinglydescribedasa"knowledgeeconomy,"wherethemostvaluableresourceisnotlandorlabor,butinformationandinnovation.Thisshifthastransformedthegeographyofwealth,creatingwhaturbantheoristscall"megaregions."Theseareinterconnectednetworksofmetropolitanareas,linkednotjustbyhighwaysandrailways,butbytheflowofideas,capital,andhighlyskilledworkers.Unliketraditionalurbancentersdefinedbypoliticalboundaries,megaregionsaredefinedbyeconomicintegration.AprimeexampleistheNortheastCorridorintheUnitedStates,stretchingfromBostonthroughNewYorkCitytoWashingtonD.C.Thisareacontainsover50millionpeopleandgeneratesaGDPcomparabletothatofentirenationsliketheUnitedKingdomorItaly.Theconcentrationofuniversities,financialinstitutions,andtechhubsinthiscorridorcreatesasynergisticeffect,fosteringinnovationataspeedthatisolatedcitiescannotmatch.Theriseofmegaregionsisdrivenbythephenomenonof"agglomerationeconomies."Thetheorypositsthatfirmsandworkersbenefitfrombeingclosetoeachother.Proximityfacilitatestheexchangeoftacitknowledge—informationthatisdifficulttowritedownortransmitdigitally.Acasualconversationinacoffeeshoporaface-to-facemeetingcansparkabreakthroughthatathousandemailscouldnot.Thisiswhy,despitetheriseofremotework,thephysicalclusteringoftalentinplaceslikeSiliconValleyortheCityofLondonremainssopotent.However,thisconcentrationofsuccesshasadownside:itcontributestoregionalinequality.Whilemegaregionsthrive,smallercitiesandruralareasoftenfacebraindrainandeconomicstagnation.The"left-behind"regionsstruggletoattractinvestment,leadingtoaviciouscycleofdecline.Thisgeographicpolarizationhasbecomeasignificantpoliticalissueinmanydevelopedcountries,fuelingpopulistmovementsandresentmenttowardsthecoastalelites.Toaddressthisimbalance,someeconomistssuggestthatsmallercitiesneedtofindtheirownnichesratherthantryingtoreplicatethesuccessofglobalhubs.Theyarguethatnoteverycitycanbeatechpowerhouse,buteverycitycanleverageitsuniquelocalassets—whetherthatisnaturalbeautyfortourism,specificmanufacturingexpertise,oralowcostoflivingtoattractremoteworkers.Theconceptofthe"30-minutecity,"whereresidentscanaccesswork,school,andamenitieswithinashortcommute,isgainingtractionasanalternativemodelforurbandevelopment.Furthermore,thedigitalinfrastructuregapmustbebridged.High-speedinternetistheelectricityoftheknowledgeeconomy.Withoutit,smallerregionsareeffectivelycutofffromtheglobalmarketplace.Governmentsareincreasinglyinvestinginbroadbandexpansiontoensurethatthebenefitsofthedigitalagearenotexclusivelyconfinedtothemegaregions.Ultimately,thefutureofeconomicgeographywilllikelybeahybridmodel.Megaregionswillcontinuetoserveastheenginesofglobalinnovationandgrowth,buttheirsuccesswilldependonthestabilityandprosperityofthesurroundingregions.Asustainableknowledgeeconomyrequiresabalancebetweentheefficiencyofclusteringandtheequityofbroad-baseddevelopment.61.Whatdefinesa"megaregion"accordingtothepassage?A)Alargemetropolitanareawithhighpopulationdensity.B)Anetworkofcitieslinkedbyeconomicintegrationandflowofideas.C)Apoliticalunionofneighboringcountriesfortradepurposes.D)Aruralareathathasbeendevelopedintoatechhub.62.WhydoesthepassagementiontheNortheastCorridor?A)Toillustratetheconceptofagglomerationeconomies.B)Toshowthenegativeeffectsofbraindrain.C)TocomparetheGDPoftheUSwiththeUK.D)Toargueforthedecentralizationofwealth.63.Accordingtotheconceptof"agglomerationeconomies,"whydofirmsandworkersbenefitfromproximity?A)Itallowsthemtoavoidpayinghightaxes.B)Itfacilitatestheexchangeoftacitknowledgethroughface-to-faceinteraction.C)Itreducestheneedfordigitalcommunicationtools.D)Itensuresthatallcitieshavethesamecostofliving.64.Whatissuggestedasastrategyforsmallercitiestocombateconomicstagnation?A)TheyshouldattempttobecomeexactreplicasofSiliconValley.B)Theyshouldfocusonattractinggovernmentsubsidiesonly.C)Theyshouldleverageuniquelocalassetsandfindspecificniches.D)Theyshouldencouragetheirresidentstomovetomegaregions.65.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthefutureeconomicgeography?A)Megaregionswilleventuallydisappearduetoremotework.B)Economicactivitywillbeevenlydistributedacrossallruralareas.C)Ahybridmodelisneeded,balancingclusteringefficiencywithregionalequity.D)Thegovernmentshouldforciblylimitthegrowthofmajorcities.***AnswerKeyandExplanationsSectionA36.A)transformed解析：句子意为“远程工作技术的普及和雇主态度的转变已将这一现象转变为主流”。transforminto(转变为)是固定搭配，符合语境。37.B)flexibility解析：句子意为“员工正将灵活性置于传统的朝九晚五办公室工作之上”。根据后文“traditional9-to-5”的对比，此处填入flexibility(灵活性)最合适。38.D)complexities解析：句子意为“最紧迫的问题之一是跨越边界工作的法律和税务复杂性”。根据后文提到的复杂的签证和税务问题，complexities符合语境。39.E)idyllic解析：句子意为“虽然Instagram资料可能展示了田园诗般的海滩和全景视野的共享办公空间”。idyllic形容风景优美、宁静，符合社交媒体展示的理想化形象。40.F)networks解析：句子意为“现实往往涉及孤独和缺乏稳定的社会网络”。socialnetworks(社交网络)是常见搭配。41.C)gentrification解析：句子意为“他们也可能导致绅士化，推高当地居民的房价”。gentrification指旧区重建后地价租金上升，富户迁入，原住民往往被迫迁出，符合此处描述的负面影响。42.J)displacement解析：句子意为“当地人觉得他们的社区正被短暂的外国人取代/置换”。displacement指取代或置换，符合当地人被挤出社区的语境。43.G)structured解析：句子意为“它挑战了工业时代的观念，即工作必须是集中的和结构化的”。structured与前文的locationindependence(位置独立)形成对比。44.K)allure解析：句子意为“将传统就业的稳定性与位置独立的诱惑力结合起来”。allure指诱惑力、吸引力。45.H)accommodate解析：句子意为“……也需要系统性更新劳动法和城市规划以适应这种新的生活方式”。accommodate意为适应、容纳。SectionB46.C解析：对应段落C。该段提到"AImodelsaretrainedonvastdatasetsofexistinghumanwork,oftenwithouttheconsentorcompensationoftheoriginalcreators.Thisraisesprofoundethicalquestionsaboutcopyrightandintellectualproperty."(AI模型在大量现有人类作品的数据集上训练，往往未经原作者同意或补偿。这引发了关于版权和知识产权的深刻伦理问题。)47.E解析：对应段落E。该段提到"Ifanalgorithmgeneratesanimagebasedonmathematicalprobabilityandpatternrecognition,canittrulyevokethesameemotionalresponse?Doesthelackofconsciousintentdiminishtheaestheticvalueofthework?"(如果算法基于数学概率和模式识别生成图像，它真的能唤起同样的情感反应吗？缺乏有意识的意图是否会降低作品的美学价值？)48.B解析：对应段落B。该段提到"ProponentsofAIinartarguethatthesetechnologiesaremerelytools,muchlikethecamerawastothepainterinthe19thcentury."(AI艺术的支持者认为这些技术仅仅是工具，就像19世纪照相机之于画家一样。)49.G解析：对应段落G。该段提到"SinceAImodelsaretrainedoninternetdata,whichisheavilyskewedtowardsWesternperspectivesandEnglish-languagecontent,thereisariskthatAI-generatedartwilllackculturalnuance."(由于AI模型在互联网数据上训练，这些数据严重偏向西方观点和英语内容，存在AI生成艺术缺乏文化细微差别的风险。)50.D解析：对应段落D。该段提到"Theentertainmentindustry...isalreadyexperimentingwithAI-generatedscripts...thiscouldreduceproductioncosts,italsothreatensthelivelihoodsofwriters,animators,andactors.Unionsandguildsareincreasinglydemandingsafeguards..."(娱乐行业……正在试验AI生成的剧本……这可能降低制作成本，但也威胁到作家、动画师和演员的生计。工会和行会正越来越多地要求保障措施……)51.F解析：对应段落F。该段提到"Ifaviewer...cannotdistinguishbetweenahuman-madedigitalpaintingandonegeneratedbyAI,andbothevokeasenseofwonder,doestheoriginmatter?Thisperspectiveshiftsthefocusfromthecreator'sprocesstotheconsumer'sreception."(如果观众……无法区分人类数字绘画和AI生成的绘画，且两者都唤起惊奇感，起源重要吗？这一视角将焦点从创作者的转移到了消费者的接受上。)52.I解析：对应段落I。该段提到"Currentcopyrightlawsinmanyjurisdictionsrequirehumanauthorship...ThislegallimbocreatesuncertaintyforbusinesseslookingtoinvestinAI-generatedcontent."(许多司法管辖区当前的版权法要求人类作者……这种法律的不确定性给寻求投资AI生成内容的企业带来了不确定性。)53.H解析：对应段落H。该段提到"EducationalinstitutionsarebeginningtoincorporateAIliteracyintotheirfineartscurricula,teachingstudentshowtopromptandcollaboratewithalgorithms."(教育机构开始将AI素养纳入其美术课程，教导学生如何提示算法并与算法协作。)54.A解析：对应段落A。该段提到"Fordecades,creativitywasconsideredthefinalbastionofhumansuperiorityovermachines...However,withtheadventofgenerativeAImodels...thisassumptionisbeingrigorouslytested."(几十年来，创造力被认为是人类优于机器的最后堡垒……然而，随着生成式AI模型的出现……这一假设正受到严格的检验。)55.J解析：对应段落J。该段提到"Whetherthisparadigmleadstoarenaissanceofcreativityoritscommodificationdependslargelyonthechoiceswemaketodayregardingregulation,ethics,andthevalueweplaceonhumanlabor."(这一范式是导致创造力的复兴还是其商品化，很大程度上取决于我们今天在监管、伦理以及我们对人类劳动所赋予的价值方面所做的选择。)SectionC56.C)improvementsinpublichealthandsanitation解析：细节题。根据第一段"Formostofthe20thcentury,theincreaseinlifeexpectancywasdrivenbyimprovementsinpublichealth,sanitation,andvaccination."可知答案。57.B)Cellsthathavestoppeddividingandsecreteharmfulchemicals.解析：细节题。根据第二段"Thesearecellsthathavestoppeddividingbutdon'tdie.Instead,theylingerinthebody,secretinginflammatorychemicalsthatdamagesurroundinghealthytissue."可知答案。58.C)Toselectivelyeliminatesenescentcells.解析：细节题。根据第三段"Scientistshavedevelopedaclassofdrugsknownassenolytics,whicharedesignedtoselectivelytargetandeliminatethesezombiecells."可知答案。59.B)Asacaloricrestrictionmimeticthatextendslifespaninanimalmodels.解析：细节题。根据第四段"Researchersarenowsearchingfordrugsthatcantrickthebodyintoactivatingthesepathways...Onesuchdrug,rapamycin...hasshownpotentialinextendinglifeinmice..."可知答案。60.B)Thepotentialforincreasedbiologicalclassinequality.解析：细节题。根据第五段"Thereisalsothequestionofinequality;willtheselife-extendingtherapiesbeavailableonlytothewealthy,creatingabiologicalclassdivide?"可知答案。One:61.B)Anetworkofcitieslinkedbyeconomicintegrationandflowofideas.解析：定义题。根据第一段"Theseareinterconnectednetworksofmetropolitanareas,linkednotjustbyhighwaysandrailways,butbytheflowof...ideas,capital..."和第二段"Unliketraditionalurbancentersdefinedbypoliticalboundaries,megaregionsaredefinedbyeconomicintegration."可知答案。62.A)Toillustratetheconceptofagglomerationeconomies.解析：例证题。NortheastCorridor是作为megaregion的例子提出的，紧接着第三段讨论了"agglomerationeconomies"(集聚经济)，解释了为什么这种区域会成功。虽然第二段也提到了synergisticeffect(协同效应)，但这正是集聚经济的体现。通常这类例子是为了引出下文的理论解释。选项A最符合文章逻辑。63.B)Itfacilitatestheexchangeoftacitknowledgethroughface-to-faceinteraction.解析：细节题。根据第三段"Proximityfacilitatestheexchangeoftacitknowledge—informationthatisdifficulttowritedownortransmitdigitally.Acasualconversationinacoffeeshop...cansparkabreakthrough..."可知答案。64.C)Theyshouldleverageuniquelocalassetsandfindspecificniches.解析：细节题。根据第五段"someeconomistssuggestthatsmallercitiesneedtofindtheirownniches...everycitycanleverageitsuniquelocalassets..."可知答案。65.C)Ahybridmodelisneeded,balancingclusteringefficiencywithregionalequity.解析：主旨题。根据最后一段"Ultimately,thefutureofeconomicgeographywilllikelybeahybridmodel...Asustainableknowledgeeconomyrequiresabalancebetweentheefficiencyofclusteringandtheequityofbroad-baseddevelopment."可知答案。***PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptofthe"circulareconomy"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasaviablealternativetothetraditionallinearmodelof"take-make-dispose."Inalineareconomy,rawmaterialsareextracted,transformedintoproducts,andeventuallydiscardedaswaste,oftenafteraveryshortlifespan.Thismodelisinherently(36)______,relyingonfiniteresourcesandgeneratingmassiveamountsofpollutionandwaste.Incontrast,thecirculareconomyaimstokeepresourcesinuseforaslongaspossible,extractingthemaximumvaluefromthemwhileinuse,andthenrecoveringandregeneratingproductsandmaterialsattheendoftheirservicelife.Transitioningtoacirculareconomyrequiresasystemicshiftinhowwedesign,produce,andconsumegoods.Itisnotmerelyaboutrecyclingmore;itisabout(37)______wasteoutofthesystemaltogether.Thisinvolvesdesi