衔接点10 动名词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点10动名词初中视角高中展望初中要求掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。高中考查更复杂的用法，以及在一些特殊结构、抽象概念表达中冠词的准确运用。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中动名词考点聚焦】形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。考点1动名词结构1．Shewritesslowlysoshehastrouble________notesinclass.A．taken B．taking C．totake D．took2．Wesuggestparents________theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A．nottoleave B．leaving C．notleaving D．toleave3．ChangAnwinshighpraisefromthepublic,soIthinkthefilmisworth________onceagain.A．watch B．towatch C．watching D．beingwatched4．Doyoumind_________thewindow?A．myclosing B．myclose C．myclosed D．meclose5．Icouldgetthemeaningby________theconversationsinthemovies.A．tolistento B．listento C．listeningto D．tolisteningto考点2动名词用法6．________Englisheverymorningisagoodwaytoimproveyourpronunciation.A．Read B．Reads C．Reading D．Toreading7．Weareconsidering________atriptothemountainsnextmonth.A．taking B．totake C．take D．taken8．Heisveryinterestedin________basketballwithhisfriendsafterschool.A．play B．played C．playing D．toplay9．Myhobbyis________stamps.Ihavemanystampsfromdifferentcountries.A．collect B．collecting C．collected D．tocollect10．Cherry'sfavouritephotoistheoneofagirl________anoldwomanacrossthestreet.A．leads B．led C．leading D．tolead【高中动名词考点聚焦】课标解读动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）：时态语态主动语态被动语态一般式writing（动词原形+ing）beingwritten（being+过去分词）完成式havingwritten（having+过去分词）havingbeenwritten（havingbeen+过去分词）考点清单动名词（doing）动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。▇成分的充当主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√××分词××√√√√考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指）Toplaywithfireisdangerous.玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的）注意：动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较：动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较：Smokingisnotgoodforhealth.（泛指，习惯性的）Itisnotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.（特指某一次）要点精讲1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于Itisnouse/goodcomplaining。抱怨无济于事。Itisnousecryingoverthesplitmilk.覆水难收。还可以用在therebe句型中，例如：Thereisnodenyingthatcoffeeisnotforeveryone.不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如：Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).（禁止吸烟）Noparking.（禁止停车）用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?________(lose)hernewbicycle.2.It’snogood_________(regret)yourpastmistakes.3.__________________(injure)inthelegmadeitimpossibleformetowalkasfastasusual.4.InancientChina,thecurrencyconsistedmainlyofpreciousmetals,suchasgold,silverandcopper,so____________(carry)alargequantityofcashwasnotonlyaheavyburdenbutcouldalsoputtheownerindangerasrobberiesquiteoftenhappenedalongtheway.考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法(1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；

suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote

oneself

to,resist/tolerate,look

forward

to,

deny,escape

放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；

quit/give

up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy,

admit

,practice

禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；

forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider,

appreciate,can’t

help,can’tstand.允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。

permit/allow,

report,

dislike,mind,

acknowledge，recall，include，miss如：IpractiselearningEnglisheveryday.(2).作介词的宾语通常放在“动词+介词”或“形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有：lookforwardto（渴望，盼望）beproudof（以……自豪）beresponsiblefor（对……负责）insiston（坚持）thinkof（考虑，想到）dreamof（梦想）objectto（反对，抗议）hearof（听说）prevent…from（防止，阻止）keep…from（防止，阻止）stop…from（防止，阻止）beengagedin（从事于）dependon（依靠，依赖）thank…for（因……而道谢）excuse…for（因……而道歉）aimat（目的在于）devote…to（献身于）setabout（着手做）be/getusedto（习惯于）befondof（喜欢）beafraidof（害怕）betiredof（对……厌烦）succeedin（成功地做……）beinterestedin（对……感兴趣）可省略介词接动名词的短语：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingThereisnopoint/use(in)doingpend/wastetime(in)doing.(3).作形容词的宾语Themusiciswellworthlisteningtomorethanonce.这种曲子很值得多听几遍。Wearebusypreparingforthecomingsportsmeet.我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Seeingisbeliving.Myhobbyisswimming.=Swimmingismyhobby.考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。swimmingpool=apoolforswimming=apoolwhichisusedforswimming,readingroom=aroomforreading=aroomwhichisusedforreading等diningroom餐厅drinkingwater饮用水readingroom阅览室sittingroom起居室sleepingcar卧铺车厢smokingroom吸烟室threshingground打谷场waitingroom候车室walkingstick手杖writingdesk写字台【扩展】(1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen碰巧，offer主动提出，promise答应，agree同意，refuse拒绝，decide决定，determine决定、决心，pretend假装，fail未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford负担得起。口诀：要想杜绝“忘记”，want,need,refuse,forget决心努力学习。decide,determine,try,manage,learn希望主动帮助，hope,wish,expect,long,offer,help答应开始担起。agreepromise,begin,start,afford(2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语admit承认allow允许appreciate感谢，欣赏avoid避免consider考虑delay耽误deny否认enjoy喜欢escape逃脱excuse原谅forgive原谅imagine想像keep（on）继续keep保持mind介意permit允许practise练习prevent阻挡，阻止putoff推迟resist抵抗risk冒险suggest建议can’thelp（doingsth.）情不自禁Shedoesn’tallowsmokingintheroom.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。Youmusttryyourbesttoavoidmeetinghiminthatstreet.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。WhenIheardhisvoice,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofmyfather.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。I’mconsideringmakingatriptoJapan.我正考虑去日本旅行。Shedeniedmakingamistake.她否认犯了一个错误。IenjoyreadingnewspaperswhileI’mhavingbreakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。Henarrowlyescapedbeingkilled.他险些丧命。Ican’timaginedoingthatwiththem.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。Wouldyoumindmy/mesmokinghere?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？Shepractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.她每天练习弹钢琴。Isuggestedputtingthemeetingoff.我建议会议延期。Hesuggestedmy/mestayinghere.他建议我呆在这儿。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______(lose)thegoodopportunity.2.Sometimesstudentspostpone___________(do)theirhomeworkuntilthelastminute.3.Idon'tappreciate_________________(treat)asasecond-classcitizen.4.Asanewdriver,Ihavetopractise_____________(park)thecarinmysmallgarageagainandagain.(3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，goon，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过trytodo企图做，尽力做trydoing试着做goontodo继续做（另一件事）goondoing继续做（同一件事）meantodo打算做meandoing意味做(4).need,require,want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，beworth也有类似用法。如：Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.Theproblemisworthdiscussing.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.“Notthatway,”mymomtried_________(stop)mebutfailed.Shewasright.Itdidn’tturnoutasIhadwished.2.Iremembered_________(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.3.Becauseofmyillness,Ican’thelp_________(do)housework.Seeingmymothertakinggoodcareofme,Ican’thelp________(cry).4.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton_________(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.5.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways__________(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(4).动词-ing形式作介词的宾语addto加上beafraidof...为……而害怕beashamedof...为……感到羞耻bebusy(in)doing(sth.)忙于做（某事）beengagedin从事于befondof喜欢begoodat...擅长于……beinterestedin...对……感兴趣beproudof...为……感到骄傲besentencedto被宣判besickof...对……感到恶心betriedof...厌烦……be/getusedto习惯于carryon继续，不断cometo谈到contributeto贡献dependon依靠devote...to把……贡献给dreamof梦想excuse...for为……而辩解feellike愿意，想giveup放弃hearof听说，知道havetrouble(in)doing...做……费力insiston坚持keep...from避免keepon继续，重复（做某事）knowof...对……了解leadto导致lookforwardto盼望prevent...from避免……save...from防止，避免setabout...动手去做……stickto坚持stop...from避免……succeedin...在……方面成功thank...for...为……而感谢……thinkof想到spend...(in)doingsth.花……做某事Onhearingthemanager’svoice,heturnedofftheswitchatonce.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。Beforeleavingherepleasecallme.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。Nowtheyarebusy(in)preparingtheirlessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。考点归纳五、时态和语态（重点和难点）主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone1.被动式(beingdone)动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。如：Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.However,therearepeoplewhodon’tlikebeingtoldwhatwordstheyhavetouse.Therewasareportofthebridgebeingclimbedbyagroupoftouristsin1998.2.否定式(notdoing)如：Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.Notusingtherightwordswhenwespeakmayoffendsomepeople.NotclimbingtheSydneyHarbourBridgewouldbealifetimeregret.Myjobisnotmanagingtheoffice.1.动名词的完成式(havingdone)用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。如：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.2.动名词的完成被动式(havingbeendone)用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。如：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(=Thatshecametohelpencouragedallofus.)Jane’sbeingcarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。(=ThatJanewascarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.)What’stroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughfood.烦扰他们的是食物不足。(=What’stroublingthemisthattheydon’thaveenoughfood.)e.g.Hisnotknowingtheforeignculturemakeshimembarrased.Hiscomingmakesmehappy.Ilikehersinging.().Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_________.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught一、单句语法填空1．Icouldn’thelp(strike)bythebeautyofthepaintingthemomentIlaideyesonit.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．(admit)hismistakebravelywonhimrespectfromhisteachersandclassmates.(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Shewasscaredof(walk)homealoneinthefog,soshecalledataxi.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．Sheadmitted(take)myumbrellabymistake.（所给词的适当形式填空）5．Thenurseappliedpressuretohisarmtostop(bleed).(所给词的适当形式填空)6．(tend)toplantsisanexerciseinpatienceandlearning.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Instead,sherecommends(apply)awell-knownconceptamongnutritionexpertscalledthe“DivisionofResponsibility”,...(所给词的适当形式填空)8．Therefore,theydonotfeelthesatisfactionofbeingacademically.(challenge)(所给词的适当形式填空)9．Nowadaysmanyschoolchildrendevotetoomuchtimeto(play)computergames.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．Hedevotedhislifeto(possess)knowledgeratherthanmaterialpossessions.(所给词的适当形式填空)11．(maintain)apositiveattitudehelpssolveproblemseasily.(所给词的适当形式填空)12．Shespenthours(contrast)thetwojobofferstochoosethemostsuitableone.(所给词的适当形式填空)13．Upon(hear)theexcitingnews,thewholeclassburstintocheers.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．On(invite)totheconference,thescholarpreparedadetailedreportcarefully.(所给词的适当形式填空)15．Hedevotesmostofhissparetimeto(learn)traditionalChinesepainting.(所给词的适当形式填空)16．Mostteenagersenjoy(share)theirdailyliveswithfriendsonsocialmediaplatforms.(所给词的适当形式填空)17．Afterhoursofdiscussion,theteamfinallysucceededin(solve)thedifficultproblem.(所给词的适当形式填空)18．Youshouldavoid(damage)theplumbingsystemwhenrenovatingthehouse.(所给词的适当形式填空)19．It’sawasteoftime(argue)withsomeonewhoneverlistenstoreason.(所给词的适当形式填空)20．Wealllookforwardto(observe)dragonfliestotakeinspirationfordronedesign.(所给词的适当形式填空)二、完成句子21．________(听音乐)beforebedcanhelpcalmyourmindandimprovesleepquality.(根据汉语提示完成句子)22．________(看电影)athomeonarainydayisacozyandrelaxingactivity.(根据汉语提示完成句子)23．Thetwoleadersagreedontheimportanceof________________(保持沟通)atalllevels.(根据汉语提示完成句子)24．________(他的到来)mademehappy.25．By________(积极看待)myselfandmybody,Ibecamebothhappierandhealthier.(根据汉语提示完成句子)26．Itisnouse____________(抱怨)theexamresults;whatmattersishowyouprepareforthenextone.(根据汉语提示完成句子)27．Inordertokeephealthy,I’mthinkingof_______(报名参加)ayogacourse.(根据汉语提示完成句子)28．Toavoid________________(被理解为)beingrude,heapologizedimmediatelyforhisabruptwords.(根据汉语提示完成句子)29．Thestudentsarewillingto________________(加入我们组织)theactivity.(根据汉语提示完成句子)30．____________________(每天锻炼)isbeneficialtoourhealth.(根据汉语提示完成句子)三、语篇填空（动名词专练）1(develop)goodlearninghabitsplaysakeyroleinseniorhighlife.Ienjoy2(read)Englisharticlesandnewseverymorning.Iamusedto3(take)detailednotesinclass.It’sworth4(do)so,forithelpsmereviewlessonseasily.Iavoid5(stay)uplatetowastesparetime.Mybiggesthobbyis6(run)afterschool.Besides,Ican’tstand7(waste)studytimeonmeaninglessgames.Ilookforwardto8(join)theschoolEnglishclubsoon.Thankyoufor9(encourage)mewhenIfallbehind.Ikeep10(work)hardtoachievemysmallgoalsstepbystep.一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TimandItalkedalotabouthisproblemstoday,andI’msogladthatIcouldhelpmybestfriend.Italsoleftme1(think)aboutwhatitreallymeanstobea“goodfriend”.Inmyopinion,thefollowing2(quality)formthebasisofafriendship.Agoodfriendneedstobe3(support).IcanseethatTimishavingtrouble4(balance)hisprojectandhisschoolwork,andIcanseethatbothareimportanttohim.Imustrespectandsupportthechoiceshemakes.Ishouldalsoencouragehim5(take)actiontogetoverthesedifficulties.Agoodfriendalsoneedstobeselfless.TimissomeonewhomIshouldtrymybesttohelp.Whenhe’sstruggling6hisschoolwork,IshoulddoallIcantohelphimbecomea7(efficient)learner.It’lltakeupsomeofmysparetime,8thisfriendshipisworthmyextratimeandeffort.I’msurethatTimwoulddothesameforme.Tome,agoodfriendbringsoutthebestinaperson.AndIthinkTimistheone9bringsoutthebestinme.Through10(we)conversationtoday,Iknowthatourfriendshipwillgrowstrongerthanever.二、阅读理解In2013,IrealisedthatIneededabreakfromtheofficework,soIsetouttravelling.ButIhadnoideahowmuchthedecisionwouldchangemefortherestofmylife!Beforetravelling,Iwasalwaysworriedaboutwhatotherpeoplethinkofme.HowIlookedanddressedwasreallyimportanttome.Iwasalwaysworriedaboutputtingonweight,gettingdarker,wonderingifIwasgood-lookingenoughtosocialiseandbeoneofthepeopleIusedtohangoutwith.Itdoesn’tmatternow.I’mmoreconfidentwithmycolour,myweight,andhowIdress.IusedtocompetealotevenwhenIwasstillakid.Ialwayswantedto