2025年高考英语大二轮-强化练(七)高阶阅读能力培养

强化练(七)高阶阅读能力培养考情速递：阅读理解中的高阶阅读能力题主要包括理解词汇，理解主旨要义，理解观点、态度，理解目的，推断和理解文章结构、类型等。高阶阅读能力题在近几年高考阅读理解试题中的比重逐步提升，重在考查考生的高阶思维能力，让考生在分析、归纳、概括的过程中，培养逻辑思维能力。Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·苏北四市高三统考)Newbioplasticsarebeingmadeinlaboratoriesfromstraw,woodchipsandfoodwaste,withresearchersaimingtoreplaceoilasthesourceoftheworld’splastic.Thenewapproachesincludegeneticallymodifyingbacteriatoeatwoodandproduceusefulchemicals.Butthebioplasticsarecurrentlysignificantlymoreexpensivetomakethanfossilfuel－basedplastics.Landandseasaroundtheworld,fromhighmountainstodeepoceans,havebecomepollutedwithplastic,promptingmajorpublicconcern.Theworldhasproducedabout8billiontonnesofplasticsincethe1950sanddemandisstillrising.Whilesomewasteplasticisrecycled,muchofitisburnttoproduceelectricity,resultingincarbonemissionsthatdriveclimatechange.Incontrasttoplasticmadefromoil,plasticsmadefromplant－basedmaterialsonlyreleasethecarbontheplantsabsorbfromtheairastheygrow.Bioplasticswillalsogivemoreoptionsforproductsthatbiodegradeintheenvironment，althoughtheycanbemadeverylong－lastingifrequired.“Plasticsareanincredibleenhancementtoourdailylives，”saidPaulMines,CEOofBiomeTechnologiesintheUK,whichhasspent￡5minthelastfiveyearsonbioplasticsresearch.“Butwecan’tgoonusingfossilfuel－basedmaterials.About6%－7%ofeverybarrelofoilisusedtomakeplastics.”Usingplantmaterialsisfeasible,__saidProfessorSimon,attheUniversityofYork.Replacinghalfofthenation’splasticbottlescouldbedonebyusingjust3%ofthesugarbeetcrop,5%ofwheatstrawor2.5%offoodwaste,hesaid.Currently,justafewthousandtonnesofbioplasticsareusedintheUKeachyear,comparedtomillionsoftonnesofconventionalplastic.Minessaidthiscouldrisetoabout20,000tonnesinthenextfiveyears.【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。科学家们正在试验用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造一种新型生物塑料。与传统的化石燃料塑料相比，它更具有环保性。1.Whyarehighmountainsanddeepoceansmentionedinparagraph3?A.Todisplaytherangeofplasticwaste.B.Toshowthewidespreaduseofplastic.C.Tostresstheincreasingdemandforplastic.D.Toraiseawarenessofoceanprotection.答案A[写作意图题。根据第三段中的“Landandseasaroundtheworld，fromhighmountainstodeepoceans，havebecomepollutedwithplastic”可知，世界各地的陆地和海洋，从高山到深海，都受到了塑料的污染。由此可推知，作者提到高山和深海主要是为了展示塑料垃圾的范围。]2.Whatisoneadvantageofbioplasticsoverfossilfuel－basedplastics?A.Producingelectricity.B.Beingeco－friendly.C.Drivingclimatechange.D.Biodegradingotherplastic.答案B[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whilesomewasteplasticisrecycled...fromtheairastheygrow”可知，传统的化石燃料塑料会产生很多的碳排放，而新型的生物塑料只释放能够被植物吸收的碳。由此可知，与化石燃料塑料相比，生物塑料的一个优势是有利于环保。]3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feasible”meaninparagraph6?A.Possible. B.Troublesome.C.Original. D.Costly.答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Replacinghalfofthenation’s...2.5%offoodwaste”可知，仅用3%的甜菜作物、5%的小麦秸秆或者2.5%的食物垃圾就可以替换全国一半的塑料瓶。由此可推知，使用植物材料是可行的，故画线词的意思与A项最为接近。]4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Plasticsarenecessaryindailylife.B.Oilisthesourceoftheworld’splastic.C.Bioplasticmakingisapromisingindustry.D.Scientistsareresearchingbioplasticmaking.答案D[文章大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家正在研究一种用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造的新型生物塑料。](2023·浙江9＋1联盟期中)Softrobotsthathavenobatteries,motorsorelectronicsandthatarepoweredandcontrolledfromadistancebylightormagnets(磁铁)areapopularfieldofresearch.Buttherearebarrierstoovercomebeforetheycanbeusedinpracticalapplications,includingtheneedforacheapmanufacturingprocess.ZhangLiattheChineseUniversityofHongKongandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatamagnet－controlledrobotcanbecreatedeasilyandatlowcost.Inexperiments,histeamcreatedstickytaperobotsofvariousshapesaroundacentimetreacrossthatchangetheirgeometrydependingonthepresenceanddirectionofamagneticfield.Someoftherobotswereabletomovethroughwateroralongflatsurfacesandonedevicewasabletocrawl(爬)acrossthesurfaceofpiestomachtissueinthelabandplaceasmalltherapeuticpatch(片)ontoagastriculcer(胃溃疡)beforeleavingthepatchandmovingaway.Zhangsaysthatthesedevicescouldbeusedinthefuturetodeliverdrugsorcarryoutsimplemedicalproceduresinthestomachorintestines.“Itcanbeusedinthiskindoffolded,smallscale,andwhenitreachesalargeemptyspaceitcanopenup，”hesays.“It’sverymuchlikeasatellite,whereafteritslaunchintoouterspacethesolarpanelswillopenup.Sowhenyouswallowthisdevice，itshouldhaveaverysmallsize.”Therearehurdlestoovercomepriortoclinicaltrials,however.“Thefirstthingissafety,becausecurrentlywe’reusingaverystrongmagnetcalledaneodymium－iron－boronmagnet.It’sactuallynotthatsafe，”saysZhang.“It’skindoftoxictothecells.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了磁铁控制的软体机器人能够对人类疾病治疗起到的作用，同时也阐述了该机器人在临床试验中所需要解决的问题。5.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Howtherobotsfunction.B.Whatchangestherobots’geometry.C.Whethertherobotsaremarketable.D.Whatinspiredthecreationoftherobots.答案A[段落大意题。根据第三段中的“onedevicewasableto...andmovingaway”可知，本段主要讲述的是机器人在实验中起到的作用——在胃溃疡上放置一小块治疗贴片，然后放下贴片离开。]6.HowdoesZhangexplaintheuseoftherobotsinparagraph4?A.Bycitingclinicaltrials.B.Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.C.Byquotingwisesayings.D.Bycomparingittosomethingsimilar.答案D[写作手法题。根据第四段中的“It’sverymuchlikeasatellite，whereafteritslaunchintoouterspacethesolarpanelswillopenup.”可知，Zhang将这些设备与卫星进行比较，从而解释机器人的使用，故选D。]7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Harmless. B.Complicated.C.Poisonous. D.Flexible.答案C[词义猜测题。根据画线词上一句中的“It’sactuallynotthatsafe”可知，画线词的意思与“不安全的”接近。分析选项可知，poisonous“有毒的”与画线词的意义最为接近。]8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SoftRobotsMakeYourLifeConvenientB.SoftRobotsCanCrawlInsideYourOrgansC.SoftRobotsAreReadyforCheapProductionD.SoftRobotsCanPerformComplexOperations答案B[标题归纳题。本文第一段介绍了由光或磁铁控制的软体机器以及在实际运用中还需克服的一些障碍；第二段介绍了一种新的易创建且成本低的软体机器人；第三段讲到了这种软体机器人可以进入人体完成手术等；第四段讲到了这种软体机器人的应用前景；最后一段则讲到了在临床应用之前需要解决的问题。综上可知，B项最适合作本文的标题。]Severalyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10，000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun，keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadsavedtwofeetoftheglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou，”saysKonradSteffen,aclimatescientist.HetoldCraigChilds，authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50，000justforthehelicoptertobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote－unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistMaureenRaymoishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimatechoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimatebutthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback，”Craigwrites.“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill，”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself.Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章主要讲的是几位科学家对控制气候变化的论述以及作者自己的观点。9.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.答案B[写作意图题。根据第二段中的“Thisexperiment，quote－unquote，givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.”可知，第一段提到JasonBox尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川以达到保护冰川目的的实验是为了引出后文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨，因此作者在第一段提到JasonBox的实验是为了描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。]10.WhichstatementwouldKonradSteffenmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theyburned$50，000justforthehelicoptertobringtheplastictotheglacier...Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.”可知，利用科技解决气候问题的方法成本高昂，也不能完全解决问题。]11.WhatisCraigChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.Favorable. B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.答案C[观点态度题。根据第三段中的“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill”可知，CraigChilds对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的。]12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?答案A[标题归纳题。第一段举出JasonBox控制气候变化的例子来引出话题；接着又列举不同的科学家对于控制气候变化的观点；再根据最后一段中的“Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself.Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace”可知，作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，也就是反对人类控制气候，因此A项最适合作本文的标题。]Ⅱ.七选五(2023·枣庄高三二模)ThegradualheatingofEarth’ssurface,oceansandatmosphereisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivity.Weburnfossilfuels,andpumpcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere.Thesegasesactlikeagreenhouse.__1__Already,theconsequencesofglobalwarmingaremeasurableandvisible.__2__Lakesaroundtheworldarewarmingrapidly—insomecasesfasterthanthesurroundingenvironment.Animalsarechangingmigrationpatterns,andplantsarebuddingtheirleavesearlierinthespringanddroppingthemlaterinthefall.Oneofthemostimmediateandobviousconsequencesofglobalwarmingistheincreaseintemperaturesaroundtheworld.Theaverageglobaltemperaturehasincreasedby0.8℃overthepast100years,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.__3__Thatyear,Earth’ssurfacetemperaturewas0.99℃warmerthantheaverageacrosstheentire20thcentury.__4__Wehavemoreunpredictableextremeweather.Theseextremescomeindifferentflavors.Oneeffectcanbecolder－than－normalwinters.ChangesinclimatecancausetheboundarybetweenthecoldNorthPoleairandthewarmequatorialairtomigratesouth.__5__Thisiswhysomeareascanhaveasuddencoldsnaporcolder－than－normalwinter,evenduringthelong－termtrendofglobalwarming.A.Thatwillbringwithitcold,Arcticair.B.Theytrapinheatandcauseglobalwarming.C.Animmediateconsequenceisfreezingweather.D.OurEarthisheatingup,andheatingupquickly.E.Iceismeltinginbothpolaricecapsandmountainglaciers.F.Sinc