气象专业英语词汇

主题辞表planetar/atmosphere行星大气

EnglishChinesestandardatmosphere（referenceatmosphere）标

1.大气准大气（参照大气）

atmosphericscience大气科homogeneousatmosphere均质大

学meteorology气象学气isothermalatmosphere等温大

theoreticalmeteorology理论气象学气polytropicatmosphere多元大气

mesometeorology中尺度气象学scaleheight大气标高

micrometeorology微气象学meteorologicalelement气象因素

physicalmeteorology物理气象学airtemperature气温

atmosphere大气wet-bulbtemperature湿球温度

evolutionofatmosphere大气演化dry-bulbtemperature干球温度

atmosphericimpurity大气杂质temperatureprofile温度廓线

atmosphericsuspendedmatter大气悬浮atmosphericpressure气压

物atmosphericRffusion大气扩散standardatmospherepressure标准大气

atmosphericcomposition大气成分压stationpressure本站气压

atmosphericion大气离子atmosphericsea-levelpressure海平面气压

mass大气质量pressuregradient气压梯度

airquality大气品位atmosphericbarometricheightformula压高公式

density大气密度atmosphericpressuregradientforce气压梯度力

subdivision大气分层Coriolisforce科里奥利力

homosphere均质层watervapor水［蒸］汽

heterosphere非均质层transferofwatervapor水汽输

homopause均质层顶significant送watervaporprofile水汽廓线

level特色层standard［pressure］watervaporpressure水汽压

level标准层isothermallayer等温humidity湿度

层relativehumidity相对湿度

loweratmosphere低层大气absolutehumidity绝对湿度

middleatmosphere中层大specifichumidity比*显

气upperatmosphere高层大mixingratio混杂比

气troposphere对流层dewpoint［temperature］露点（温度）

tropopause对流层顶depressionofthedewpoint（温度）露点

stratosphere平流层差super-saturatedair过饱和空气

stratopause平流层顶saturationspecifichumidity饱和比湿

mesosphere中间层saturationvaporpressure饱和水汽压

mesopause中间层顶psychrometricformula测湿公式saturation

thermosphere热层deficit饱和差

exosphere外［逸］层internationalcloudatlas国际云图

ionosphere电离层cloud云

magnetosphere磁层lowcloud低云

magnetopause磁层顶middlecloud中云

chemosphere光化层highcloud高云

chemopause光化层顶cloudbase云底

ozonosphere臭氧层cloudtop云顶

freeatmosphere自由大气cloudceiling云塞

1

clojdamount云量stratusfractus,Stfra碎层

totalcloudcover总云量云nimbostratus,Ns雨层云

clojdwithverticaldevelopment直展云stratiformcloud层状云

cloudheight云高cumuliformcloud积状云

clojdgenera云属fracto-nimbus,Fn碎雨云

cloudetage云族chaoticsky纷杂天空

clojdspecies云种coldcloud冷云

clojdvariety云类warmcloud暖云

clojdform云状icccloud冰云

cirrus,Ci卷云watercloud水云

cirrusfibratus,Cifib毛卷云hailcloud[冰]雹云

cirrusspissatus,Cispi密卷云wind风

cirrusuncinus,Ciunc钩卷云winddirection风向

cirrostratus,Cs卷层云windspeed,windvelocity风速

cirrostratusfibratus,Csfib毛卷层云maximumwindspeed最狂风速

cirrostratusnebulosus,Csneb薄幕卷层云extremewindspeed极狂风速

cirrocumulus,Cc卷积云windspeedprofile风速廓线

altocumulus,Ac高积云horizontalwindvector水平风矢量

altocumulustranslucidus,Actr透光高积云windforce风力

altocumulusopacus,Acop蔽光高积云windforcescale风级

altocumuluslenticularis,Aclen英状高积云Beaufort[wind]scale蒲福风级

altocumuluscumulogenitus,Accug积云性高积calm0级风

云lightair1级风

altocumulusfloccus絮状高积云lightbreeze2级风

altocumuluscastellanus,Accas堡状高积gentlebreeze3级风

云altostratus,As高层云moderatebreeze4级风

altostratustranslucidus,Astr透光高层freshbreeze5级风

云altostratusopacus,Asop蔽光高层云strongbreeze6级风

cumulus,Cu积云neargale7级风

cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡积云gale8级风

cumulusmediocris,Cumed中展积云stronggale9级风

cumulusfractus,Cufra碎积云storm10级风

cumuluscongestus,Cucon浓积云violentstorm11级风

cumulonimbus,Cb积雨云hurricane12级风

cumulonimbuscalvus,Cbcal秃积雨云gust阵风

cumulonimbuscap川atus,Cbcap鬃积雨云localwind地方性风

stratocumulus,Sc层积云surfacewind地面风

stratocumulustranslucidus,Sctr透光层积云foehn焚风

stratocumulusopacus,Scop板光层积云mountain-valleybreeze山谷风

stratocumuluscumulogenitus,Sccug积云f生层sea-landbreeze海陆风

积云on-shorewind向岸风

stratocumuluscastellanus,Sccas堡状层积off-shorewind离岸风

云stratocumuluslenticularis,Sclen荚状层gorgewind峡谷风

积云stratus,St层云slopewind坡风

2

glacierbreeze冰川风storm风暴

drainagewind流泄风sandstorm,duststorm沙［尘］

能见度

visibility暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾

effectivevisibility有效能见度

visualrangeoflight灯光能见距离hazealoft高空霾

surfacevisibihty地面能见度dust浮尘

horizontalvisibility水平能见度blowingsand高吹沙

verticalvisibility垂直能见度slantdriftingsand低吹沙

visibility倾斜能见度meteor大气dew露

现象frost霜

weatherphenomenon天气现象frostpoint霜点

clearsky晴日firstfrost初霜

partlycloudy少云latestfrost终霜

cloudy多云tornado龙卷

overcast阴天dustdevil尘卷风

blueofthesky天空蓝度apparentsquall即

formofthesky天穹形状stateofsnow雪

ground地面状态snowvirga雪幡

skycondition天空状况sleet雨夹雪

precipitation降水showerysnow阵雪

amountofprecipitation降水量snowcrystal雪晶

precipitationintensity降水强度showerysnowflake雪花

precipitation阵性降水convectivesnowgrains米雪

precipitation对流性降水non-convectivesnowstorm雪暴

precipitation非对流性降水orographicdrivensnow吹雪

precipitation地形降水driftingsnow低吹雪

rain雨blowingsnow高吹雪

rainvirga雨幡snowcover积雪

raindrop雨滴snowfall［amount］雪量

rainshadow雨影snowdepth雪深

glaze雨淞snowday雪日

rainday雨日icing积冰

rainfall［amount］雨量wireicing电线积冰

continuousprecipitation连续性降水hail冰雹

intermittentprecipitation间歇性降水hailstone雹块

showeryrain阵雨icepellet冰丸

freezingrain冻雨thunder雷

drizzle毛毛雨thunderstorm雷暴

lightrain毛毛雨thundershower雷阵雨

moderaterain中雨orographicthunderstorm地形雷

heavyrain大雨暴thunderstormcell雷暴单体

torrentialrain暴雨atmospherics天电lightning闪电

localprecipitation地方性降水

orographicrain土也形雨lightningchannel闪电通道

3

forkedlightning叉状闪电ground-basedobservation地基察

sheetlightning片状闪电看mountainobservation山地察看

balllightning球状闪电sounding探空

streaklightning条状闪电pearl­upperairobservation高空察看

necklacelightning串珠状闪电fogauxiliaryshipobservation,ASO辅助船舶察看

雾aircraftsounding飞机探测

mist轻雾rocketsounding火箭探测

wetfog湿雾radiosounding无线电探空

seafog海雾captiveballoonsounding系留气球探测

icefog冰雾pilotballoonobservation测风气球察看

frontalfog锋面雾radiowindobservation无线电测风察看

advectionfog平流雾standardtimeofobservation标准察看时

radiationfog辐射雾advection­间actualtimeofobservation实质察看时

radiationfog平流辐射雾mixing间observationalfrequency察看次数

fog混杂雾observationalerror察看偏差

evaporationfog蒸发雾supplementaryobservation增补察看

supercooledfog过冷去「J雾autographicrecords自记记录

groundfog地面雾surfacedata地面资料

upslopefog上坡雾upperairdata高空资料

air-massfog气团雾barometerlevel气压表高度

tropicalairfog热带气团雾pressurereduction气压换算

rime雾淞barometriccorrection气压校订

graupel霰internationalsynopticcode国际［天气］电码

percentageofsunshine日照百分率networkofmeteorologicalstation气象台站网

sunshineduration日照时数observationsite察看场

durationofpossiblesunshine可照时数meteorologicalplatform气象察看平台

2.大气探测oceanweatherstation海洋气象站

atmosphericsoundingandobserving大气探fixedshipstation固定船舶站

测meteorologicalobservation气象察看mobileshipstation挪动船舶站

synopticobservation大气察看synoptichourmountainobservationstation顶峰［观］测站

天气察看时间automatemeteorologicalstation自动气象站

principalsynopticobservation基本天气察看meteorologicalinstrument气象彳义器

intermediatesynopticobservation辅助天气察screenjnstrumentshelter百叶箱

看thermometer温度表

surfaceobservation地面察telethermometer遥测温度

看visualobservation目测表thermograph温度计

backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染察geothermometer土也工显表

看surfacegeothermometer地面温度表

fieldobservation外场察看conventionalanglegeothermometer曲管地温表

observation常例察看non-conventionaltube-typedgeothermometer直管地温

observation特别规察看shipobservation表grassthermometer草温表

船舶察看maximumthermometer最高温度表

fixedpointobservation定点察看minimumthermometer最低温度表

space-basedobservation空基察看mercurythermometer水银温度表

4

Lyman-ahygrometer莱曼-a湿度表pilot-balloonplottingboard测风绘图板

bimetallicthermograph双金属片温度计hail-rainseparator雹雨分别器

barograph气压计evaporograph蒸发计

aneroidbarograph空盒气压计evaporationpan小型蒸发器

mountainbarograph顶峰气压evaporationtank大型蒸发

计barometer气压表器standardpan标准蒸发器

aneroidbarometer空盒气压表ceilingprojector云嘉灯

ship-barometer船用气压表visibilitymeter,visiometer能见度表

mountainbarometer顶峰气压表raingauge雨量器

pressurealtimeter气压测高表pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量计

normalbarometer标准气压表accumulativeraingauge累计雨量器

nationalstandardbarometer国家标准气压tiltingbucketraingauge翻4［式］雨量计

表regionalstandardbarometeri也域标准气electricconductivityraingauge水导［式］雨量计

压表absolutestandardbarometer绝对标准siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸［式］雨量计

气压表microbarograph微压计mercuryrainfallintensityrecorder南强计

barometer水银气压表telemeteringpluviograph遥测雨量计

Fortinbarometer福「气压表windvane风向标

Kewpatternbarometer寇乌气压表anemometer风速表

hygrograph湿度计contactanemometer电接风速表

hygrometer湿度表cupanemometer转杯风速表

psychrometer干湿表propelleranemometer螺旋桨［式］风速表

aspiratedpsychrometer通反1干湿表anemorumbometer风向风速表

standardaspiratedpsychrometer标准通风干湿hot-wireanemometer热线风速表

表strongwindanemograph强风仪

whrlingpsychrometer,slingpsychrometer手摇navaidwind-finding导航测风

干湿表laserceilometer激光云幕

Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干湿仪anemograph风速计

表dew-pointhygrometer露点湿度表radiotheodolite无线电经纬仪

hairhygrometer毛发湿度表hairaerologicaltheodolite测风经纬仪

hygrograph毛发湿度计radiosonde无线电探空仪

blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球温度dropsonde下投式探空仪

表constantlevelballoon定高气球

barothermograph气压温度计cry­ultrasonicanemometer超声测］仪L仪

bulbthermometer干球温度表ceilingballoon云黑气球

wet-bulbthermometer湿球温度表meteorologicalaircraft气象飞机

sunshinerecorder日照计snowscale,snowdepthscale量雪尺

Jordansunshinerecorder乔唐U照计weightingsnow-gauge称雪器

Campbell-Stokessunshinerecorder康培尔-司drosometer,dewgauge测露表

托克日照计frozensoilapparatus冻土器

pyrheliometer直接辐射表sonde探空仪

pyranometer总辐射表profiler廓线仪

skyradiometerdiffusometer天空辐射表meteorologicalrocket气象火箭

albedometer反照率表soundingrocket探空火箭

pyranometer净辐射表weatherradar天气雷达

5

meteorologicalradar气象雷达highresolutioninfraredradiationsounder,

lidar激光雷达HRIRS高分辨［率］红外辐射探测器

sodar,acousticradar声［雷］达scanningradiometer,SR扫描辐射仪

Doopierradar多普勒天气雷达veryhighresolutionradiometer,VHRR甚高分

incoherentradar非相关雷达辨率辐射仪

radarnetworkcomposite雷达组verticaltemperatureprofileradiometer温度垂

网radarsounding雷达探空直廓线辐射仪

wirdfindingradar测风雷达datacollectionplatform,DCP资料采集平台

Doopiersodar多普勒声达automatepicturetransmission,APT自动图象

Doopierlidar多普勒激光雷达传输

MSTradarMST雷达highresolutionpicturetransmission,HRPT高

UHFDopplerradar超高频雷达分辨［率］II象传输

VHFradar甚高频雷达highresolutionfacsimile,HR-FAX高分辨率［云

coherentmemoryfilter,CMF相关储蓄滤波器图］传真

radarrainfallintegrator雷达雨量积分器rangelowresolutionfacsimile,LR-FAX低分辨率［云

velocitydisplay,RVD距离速度显示velocity图］传真

azimuthdisplay,VAD速度方向显示constantdelaypicturetransmission,DPT延时图象传

altitudeplanpositionindicator,CARPI等高平面输directread-outgroundstation直读式地面

地点显示器站weatherfacsimile,WEFAX天气图传真

planpostionindicator,PPI平面地点显示器synopticdata天气资料

planshearindicator,PSI平面切变显示器non-synopticdata非天气资料

velocityazimuthrangedisplay,VARD速度方realtimedata及时资料non-

位距离显示realtimedata非及时资料

radarsonde雷达测风仪stretcheddata时展资料sub­

atmosphericremotesensing大气遥satellitepoint［卫星］星下点

感nversetechnique反演法temporalresolution时间分辨率

temperatureretrieval温度反演spatialresolution空间分辨率

inversionofsatellitesounding卫星探测反演fullresolution全分辨率

meteorologicalsatellite气象卫星radiationtransferequation辐射传输方程

NIMBUS雨云卫星atmospherictransmissionmodel大气传输模式

NCAA诺阿卫星3.大气物理学

polar-orbitingmeteorologicalsatellite极轨气象atmosphericphysics大气物理［学］

卫星cloudphysics云物理学

TIROS泰罗斯卫星precipitationphysics降水物理学

TIROS-N泰罗斯-N卫星clouddynamics云动力学

ESSA艾萨卫星middleatmosphericphysics中层大气物理

ITOS艾托斯卫星学aeronomy高空大气学

geostationarymeteorologicalsatellite,GMS土也aerology高空气象学

球静止气象卫星radiometeorology无线电气象学

meteorologicalsatellitegroundstation气象卫boundarylayermeteorology界限层气象

星地面站学boundarylayerclimate界限层天气

microwaveradiometer微波辐射仪atmosphericboundarylayer大气界限层

highresolutioninterferometricsounder高分辨air-seainterface海气界面

［率］干涉探测器air-seaexchange海气交换

6

tracerdiffusionexperiment示踪扩散实验coagulation碰并

surfacelayer近土也层icecrystal冰晶

surfaceroughness地面粗糙iceneedle冰针

度atmosphericduct大气波导icenucleus冰核

advection平流convection对icepoint冰点

流condensation凝固

freeconvection自由对流evaporation蒸发

forcedconvection逼迫对流potentialevaporation暗藏蒸

convectioncell对流单体发solidification凝固

Benardcell贝纳胞deposition凝华sublimation升

Benardconvection贝纳对流华freezing冻结

convectionmodel对流模式

updraught上曳气流freezingnucleus冻结核

downdraught下曳气流condensationnucleus凝固

transitionalflow过渡气流核saltnucleus盐核cloud

drydeposition干沉降chamber云室

wetdeposition湿沉降combustionnucleus燃烧核

aerosol气溶胶depositionnucleus凝华核

aerosolparticlesizedistribution气溶胶粒子谱weathermodification人工影响天气

aqueousaerosol湿气溶胶targetarea口标区

stratosphericaerosol平流层气溶clouddissipation消云

胶hailgenerationzone冰雹生成salt-seeding盐粉播撒

区conicalhail锥形冰雹hailfrostprevention防霜

embryo窗核cloudseeding播云

haillobe雹瓣cloudseedingagent播云剂

hailpellet雹粒artificialprecipitation人工降水

cumulonimbusmodel积雨云模式hailsuppression防雹

condensationprocess凝固过程fogdissipation消雾

cloudcondensationnuclei,CCN云凝固dynamiccloudseeding动力播云

核artificialnucleation人工成核作用cloudradarmeteorology雷达气象学

toptemperature云顶温度ice-watermeteorologicalradarequation气象雷达方程

mixedcloud冰水混杂云cloudstructureradarmeteorologicalobservation雷达气象察看

云结构radarreflectivityfactor雷达反射率因子

clojdparticlesampler云滴采样器radarequivalentreflectivityfactor雷达等效反

clojddroplet-sizedistribution云滴谱射率因子

clojddropletcollector云滴谱仪weatherecho天气回波cloud

raindropsizedistribution雨"商谱echo云回波echowall回波墙

drop-sizedistributionparameter滴谱参数superrefractionecho超折射回

disdrometer,raindropdisdrometer雨滴谱仪波secondtripecho二次回波

fog-drop雾滴incoherentecho非相关回波

clojddroplet云滴coherentecho相关同波ground

supercooledclouddroplet过冷云echo地物回波

滴dropspectrum滴谱

collision碰撞clearairecho晴空回波

7

convectiveecho对流回波cloudattenuation云衰减

whrlingecho涡旋状回波precipitationattenuation降水衰减

spielrain-bandecho螺旋雨带回rangeattenuation距离衰减echo

波ayeredecho层状回波bancedsyntheticchart回波综合图iso­

echo带状回波echocontour等回波线

hookecho钩状回波normalizedechointensity归一化回波强度

weakechovault弱回波穹窿isolatedcell孤立单体

precipitationecho降水回波weakcell弱单体

angelecho异常回波satellitemeteorology卫星气象学

elevatedecho雨幡回波satellitesounding卫星探测

celecho单体回波cloudcluster云团

supercell超级单体satellitecloudpicture卫星云图

multiple-cellecho多单体回波sectorizedcloudpicture分区云

echocomplex回波复合体图picturemosaic拼图

cloudtopheight,CTH云顶高度imageprocessing图象办理distortion

echodepthPl波厚度correction畸变校订infraredcloud

echocharacter回波特色echopicture红外云图visiblecloudpicture

analysis回波剖析echodistortion回可见光云图nulti-spectralimage,MSI

波畸变radarreflectivity雷达反射率多波段图象microwaveimage微波图

superrefraction超折射negative象

refraction负折射troposphericimageresolution图象分辨率digitized

refraction对流层折射beamfillingcloudmap数字化云图enhanced

coefficient波束充塞系数rangebin距cloudpicture加强云图false-color

离库cloudpicture假彩色云图pseudo­

colorcloudpicture伪彩色云图full­

rangeaveraging距离均匀azimuthdisccloudpicture全景圆盘云图

averaging方向均匀rangeresolutionnephanalysis云[层]剖析图brightness

距离分辨率azimuthresolution方向temperature亮度温度cloudcoverage

角分辨率numberofrangesamples云覆盖区cloudstreet云街

距离采样数coherent-videosignal相

关视频信号quantizedsignal量化信cloudline云线

号depolarizationratio退偏振比spiralcloudband螺旋云带

rotationband转动谱带monsooncloudcluster季风云•

【才Itropicalcloudcluster热带云

Doopiervelocity多普勒速度团squallcloud胞线云

rangeambiguity距离模糊shieldcloud盾状云

maximumunambiguousrange最大不模糊品巨open[cloud]cells张口型细胞状云

离velocityambiguity速度模糊realtimeclose[cloud]cells封闭型细胞状云

disolay及时显示cellularpattern细胞状云cloud

patternrecognitiontechnique图形鉴另ij技术system云系

trackingradarechoesbycorrelation,TREC雷达commacloudsystem逗点云系

回波相关追踪法bandedcloudsystem带状云系

thunderstormmonitoring宙暴监测vortexcloudsystem涡旋云系jet

grayscale灰[色标]度streamcloudsystem急流云系

8

satellitederivedwind卫星云迹风albedo反照率

satellitecloudpictureanalysis卫星云图剖bandmodel带模式

析imbscanningmethod临边扫描法statisticalbandmodel统计带模式

limoretrieval临边反演regularbandmodel规则带模式

occultationmethod掩星法randomElsasserbandmodel随机爱尔沙色带

backscatterultraviolettechnique紫外辐射后向模式

散射法strong-lineapproximation强线近似

linearinversion线性反演waterweak-lineapproximation弱线近似

vaporretrieval水汽反演planetarytemperature行星温度

humidityretrieval湿度反演limbatmosphericattenuation大气衰减

brightening临边增亮limbatmosphericabsorption大气汲取

darkening临边变暗atmosphericwindow大气窗

sunglint日照亮斑atmospheric[atmospheric]absorptivity[大气]汲取

radiation大气辐射solarradiation率non-scatteringatmosphere无散射大

太阳辐射solarconstant太阳常数气extinctioncoefficient消光系数

monochromaticradiation单色密射atmosphericradioactivity大气放射性

atmosphericoptics大气光学

outgoinglong-waveradiation,OLR向外长波辐atmosphericopticalspectrum大气光谱

射atmosphericrefraction大气折射

visiblelight可见光radiationatmosphericopticalmass大气光学质

balance辐射均衡global量primaryscattering一次散射

radiation总辐射directMiescattering米散射

radiation直接辐射effectivemultiplescattering多次散射

radiation有效辐射Rayleighscattering瑞利散射

scatteredradiation散射辐volumescatteringfunction体散射函数

射diffuseradiation漫射辐forwardscattering前向散射

射skyradiation天空辐射backscattering后向散射

upward[tatal]radiation向上[全]辐射scatteringcross-section散射截面

downward[total]radiation向下[全]辐射backscatteringcross-section后向散时截

incomingradiation入射辐射面one-v/ayattenuation单程衰减

equivalentclearcolumnradiance等效晴空福two-wayattenuation双程衰减

射率scatteringcoeffici