全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级(四川省达州市2026年上半年)

全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级(四川省达州市2026年上半年)SectionIListeningComprehension（30minutes,30points）PartAConversations（10points）Directions:Inthispart,youwillhear10shortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Aftereachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.ChoosethebestanswerfromA,B,C,orD.1.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Takeataxitotheairport.B.Waitforthenextbus.C.Askhisfriendforaride.D.Leavefortheairportimmediately.2.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?A.Hehasfinishedhisresearchpaper.B.Heisworriedaboutthedeadline.C.Hedoesn'tknowthetopicofhispaper.D.Hehasalreadystartedwriting.3.Wheredoesthisconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Atabookstore.B.Atalibrary.C.Atapostoffice.D.Atabank.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheagreeswiththeman'sopinion.B.Shethinksthepriceisunreasonable.C.Shewantstoseeotheroptions.D.Shehasalreadyboughtone.5.Whatistheman'sproblem?A.Helosthispassport.B.Hemissedhisflight.C.Heforgothisticketathome.D.Hisluggagewasoverweight.6.WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutProfessorSmith?A.Heisstrictbutfair.B.Heispopularamongstudents.C.Herarelygiveshighgrades.D.Hehascancelledtheexam.7.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Ajobinterview.B.Atravelplan.C.Aresearchproject.D.Aconferenceschedule.8.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Calltherestaurant.B.Makeareservationonline.C.Gototherestaurantinperson.D.Cancelthedinnerplan.9.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenovel?A.It'sentertainingbutsuperficial.B.It'sboringandlengthy.C.It'sprofoundandthought-provoking.D.It'sdifficulttounderstand.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Bossandemployee.C.Doctorandpatient.D.Colleagues.PartBPassages（10points）Directions:Inthispart,youwillhearthreepassages.Aftereachpassage,youwillhearseveralquestions.ChoosethebestanswerfromA,B,C,orD.PassageOne（Questions11-14）11.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.ThehistoryofurbanizationinEurope.B.Thechallengesofmoderncityplanning.C.Thedevelopmentofsmartcities.D.Thedeclineofruralpopulations.12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorproblemfacinglargecities?A.Lackofinvestmentininfrastructure.B.Growingincomeinequality.C.Environmentaldegradation.D.Shortageofskilledlabor.13.Whatsolutiondoesthespeakermentionfortrafficcongestion?A.Buildingmorehighways.B.Implementingcongestionpricing.C.Encouragingremotework.D.Expandingpublictransportation.14.Whatisthespeaker'sattitudetowardthefutureofcities?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Cautiouslyhopeful.D.Indifferent.PassageTwo（Questions15-17）15.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Anewmedicalbreakthrough.B.Theimportanceofsleep.C.Theeffectsofstressonhealth.D.Arecentscientificstudy.16.Accordingtothepassage,howmanyhoursofsleepdoadultsneed?A.5-6hours.B.6-7hours.C.7-9hours.D.9-10hours.17.Whatdoesthespeakerrecommenddoingbeforebedtime?A.Exercisingvigorously.B.Drinkingcoffee.C.Usingelectronicdevices.D.Readingabook.PassageThree（Questions18-20）18.Whatisthepurposeofthetalk?A.Tointroduceanewuniversityprogram.B.Toexplainascholarshipopportunity.C.Toannounceapolicychange.D.Topromotearesearchinitiative.19.Whoiseligibletoapplyfortheprogram?A.First-yearstudentsonly.B.Graduatestudentsandfaculty.C.Internationalstudentsonly.D.Undergraduatestudentsintheirfinalyear.20.Whatisthedeadlineforapplications?A.March15th.B.April1st.C.April30th.D.May15th.PartCNote-takingandGap-filling（10points）Directions:Inthispart,youwillhearalecture.Whilelistening,fillinthemissinginformationintheblanks(21-30).Writenomorethanthreewordsforeachblank.TheImpactofArtificialIntelligenceonModernEducationArtificialIntelligence(AI)hasrevolutionizedmanysectors,andeducationisnoexception.TheintegrationofAIintoeducationalsystemshasbroughtaboutsignificantchangesinbothteachingandlearningprocesses.(21)AI-poweredtoolscancreate\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_learningexperiencesbyadaptingcontenttoeachstudent'sindividualpaceandlearningstyle.(22)TraditionalassessmentmethodsarebeingsupplementedbyAIsystemsthatprovide\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_feedbacktostudentsandteachers.(23)Oneconcernisthepotentiallossof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ineducation,asmachinestakeovermoreinstructionalroles.(24)AIcanhelpbridgethe\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_byprovidingqualityeducationalresourcestounderservedcommunities.(25)Teachersneed\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_toeffectivelyintegrateAItoolsintotheirclassrooms.(26)Studiesshowthatstudentengagementincreasesbyapproximately\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_whenAI-assistedlearningtoolsareused.(27)Amajorchallengeisensuring\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ofstudentdatacollectedbyAIsystems.(28)TheuseofAIingradinghasraisedquestionsabout\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_andbias.(29)Futureclassroomsmayfeature\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_thatactasteachingassistantsforhumaneducators.(30)ThespeakerconcludesthatAIshouldbeviewedasa\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ratherthanareplacementforhumanteachers.SectionIIUseofEnglish（15minutes,15points）PartAClozeTest（10points）Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankfromA,B,C,orD.Theconceptoflifelonglearninghasgainedincreasingrecognitioninrecentyears.Inarapidlychangingworld,theskillsandknowledge(31)___inschoolarenolongersufficientforalifetime.Technologicaladvancementsandeconomic(32)___havecreatedasituationwhereworkersmustcontinually(33)___theirskillstoremaincompetitiveinthejobmarket.Researchshowsthatindividualswhoengageincontinuouslearningtendtohavehigherlevelsofjob(34)___andoverallwell-being.Moreover,organizationsthat(35)___acultureoflearningaremorelikelytoinnovateand(36)___tomarketchangeseffectively.Despitethesebenefits,manyadultsface(37)___barrierstocontinuingeducation,includingtimeconstraints,financiallimitations,and(38)___ofconfidenceintheirabilitytolearn.Governmentsandinstitutionsarebeginningto(39)___thisissuebyofferingflexiblelearningprograms,subsidies,andonlinecourses.The(40)___ofsuchinitiatives,however,remainstobeseen,asparticipationratesvarysignificantlyacrossdifferentdemographicgroups.31.A.acquiredB.requiredC.demandedD.requested32.A.developmentB.growthC.restructuringD.expansion33.A.reviewB.renewC.upgradeD.restore34.A.satisfactionB.securityC.placementD.assignment35.A.fosterB.buildC.createD.establish36.A.adaptB.adoptC.adjustD.accommodate37.A.significantB.obviousC.apparentD.considerable38.A.shortageB.lackC.absenceD.deficit39.A.tackleB.handleC.approachD.manage40.A.effectB.resultC.outcomeD.effectivenessPartBErrorCorrection（5points）Directions:Inthefollowingpassage,therearefivenumberedlines(41-45).Eachlinemaycontainoneerror.Identifytheerrorandwritethecorrectform.Therapidgrowthofsocialmediahastransformedhowpeoplecommunicateandshareinformation.(41)PlatformssuchasWeChatandWeibohasbecomeanintegralpartofdailylifeformillionsofusers.(42)Theseplatformsallowuserstoexpresstheiropinions,shareexperiences,andconnectingwithothersacrossgeographicalboundaries.(43)However,thewidespreaduseofsocialmediahasalsoraisedconcernsaboutprivacy,thespreadofmisinformation,anditsaffectonmentalhealth.(44)Researcherssuggestthatexcessiveuseofsocialmediacanleadtofeelingsofanxiety,depression,andlonely.(45)Toaddresstheseissues,expertsrecommendsettinglimitsonscreentimeandengaginginmoreface-to-faceinteractions.41.___（错误词）→___（正确形式）42.___（错误词）→___（正确形式）43.___（错误词）→___（正确形式）44.___（错误词）→___（正确形式）45.___（错误词）→___（正确形式）SectionIIIReadingComprehension（50minutes,35points）PartAMultipleChoice（20points）Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassagesandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Passage1Thenotionthatclimatechangeposesathreattoglobalfoodsecurityisnolongeramatterofdebateamongscientists.Risingtemperatures,changingprecipitationpatterns,andincreasingfrequencyofextremeweathereventshavealreadybeguntoaffectagriculturalproductivityinmanyregionsoftheworld.AccordingtoareportbytheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),globalcropyieldscoulddeclinebyupto25%by2050ifcurrenttrendscontinue.Theimpactofclimatechangeonagricultureisnotuniformacrossallregions.Whilesomeareas,suchashigher-latituderegions,mayinitiallybenefitfromlongergrowingseasonsandincreasedcarbondioxidelevels,theoverallglobalpictureisoneofdecliningyieldsandincreasingvolatility.Tropicalandsubtropicalregions,whicharehometomanydevelopingcountries,areexpectedtobearthebruntofthesechanges.Adaptationstrategiesarebeingdevelopedandimplementedworldwide.Theseincludedevelopingdrought-resistantcropvarieties,improvingirrigationefficiency,andadoptingsustainablefarmingpractices.However,theeffectivenessofthesemeasuresdependslargelyontheavailabilityoffinancialresources,technologicalcapabilities,andinstitutionalsupport.Developingcountries,whicharemostvulnerabletoclimatechange,oftenlacktheresourcesneededtoimplementcomprehensiveadaptationprograms.Theroleofinternationalcooperationcannotbeoverstated.Climatechangeisaglobalproblemthatrequirescoordinatedactionacrossborders.Developednationshavearesponsibilitytosupportdevelopingcountriesthroughtechnologytransfer,financialassistance,andcapacitybuilding.Withoutsuchcooperation,thegoalofachievingglobalfoodsecurityinthefaceofclimatechangewillremainelusive.46.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Climatechangeexclusivelyaffectstropicalregions.B.Climatechangeposesaseriousthreattoglobalfoodsecurity.C.Agriculturalproductivityhasalreadydeclinedby25%.D.Internationalcooperationisunnecessary.47.AccordingtotheFAOreport,whatcouldhappenby2050?A.Cropyieldsmightincreaseintropicalregions.B.Globalcropyieldscoulddecreasebyupto25%.C.Allregionswillbenefitfromclimatechange.D.Foodsecuritywillbeachievedglobally.48.Whichregionsareexpectedtobemostnegativelyaffected?A.Higher-latituderegions.B.Tropicalandsubtropicalregions.C.Temperatezones.D.Coastalareas.49.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutadaptationstrategies?A.Theyareequallyavailabletoallcountries.B.Theyareunnecessaryfordevelopedcountries.C.Theireffectivenessdependsonresourcesandtechnology.D.Theyhavecompletelysolvedtheproblem.50.Whatistheauthor'sviewoninternationalcooperation?A.Itisimportantbutnotessential.B.Itiscrucialforaddressingtheglobalfoodsecuritychallenge.C.Itshouldbelefttoindividualnations.D.Ithasalreadysolvedtheclimatechangeproblem.Passage2Thesharingeconomy,asocioeconomicsystembuiltaroundthesharingofresources,hasgrownexponentiallyoverthepastdecade.CompanieslikeUber,Airbnb,andvariousbike-sharingplatformshavedisruptedtraditionalindustriesandtransformedconsumerbehavior.Theappealofthesharingeconomyliesinitspromiseofincreasedefficiency,reducedcosts,andgreateraccesstogoodsandservices.However,therapidgrowthofthesharingeconomyhasalsoraisedahostofregulatorychallenges.Traditionalregulatoryframeworks,designedforconventionalbusinessmodels,oftenfailtoaddresstheuniquecharacteristicsofplatform-basedbusinesses.Issuessuchaslaborrights,consumerprotection,taxation,andfaircompetitionhavebecomesubjectsofintensedebate.Oneofthemostcontentiousissuesistheclassificationofworkersinthegigeconomy.Aretheyemployeesentitledtobenefitsandprotections,oraretheyindependentcontractorsresponsiblefortheirowninsurance,taxes,andretirementsavings?Differentjurisdictionshavereacheddifferentconclusions,creatingapatchworkofregulationsthatcomplicatesoperationsforplatformcompanies.Despitethesechallenges,thesharingeconomycontinuestoevolveandexpand.Manyplatformsarebeginningtoself-regulate,offeringbenefitsandprotectionstotheirworkersvoluntarily.Governments,too,areexperimentingwithnewregulatoryapproachesthatseektobalanceinnovationwithprotection.Thefutureofthesharingeconomywilllikelydependonfindingthisdelicatebalancebetweenfosteringinnovationandensuringfairness.51.Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?A.Thehistoryofthesharingeconomy.B.Thebenefitsandchallengesofthesharingeconomy.C.Thefailureofsharingeconomyplatforms.D.Theregulationoftraditionalindustries.52.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesthesharingeconomyappealing?A.Itprovidesemploymentbenefits.B.Itoffersefficiency,lowercosts,andgreateraccess.C.Iteliminatestraditionalindustries.D.Itisfreefromregulation.53.Whatisoneofthemostdebatedissuesinthesharingeconomy?A.Thepricingofservices.B.Thequalityofgoods.C.Theclassificationofworkers.D.Thetaxationofconsumers.54.Howhavedifferentjurisdictionsrespondedtotheworkerclassificationissue?A.Theyhavereachedauniformagreement.B.Theyhavereacheddifferentconclusions.C.Theyhavebannedallgigwork.D.Theyhaveignoredtheissue.55.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthefutureofthesharingeconomy?A.Itwillreplacealltraditionalbusinesses.B.Itwilldisappearduetoregulation.C.Itdependsonbalancinginnovationandfairness.D.Itwillremaincompletelyunregulated.Passage3Thehumanbrainisoneofthemostcomplexstructuresintheknownuniverse.Containingapproximately86billionneuronsconnectedbytrillionsofsynapses,itiscapableofremarkablefeatsofcomputation,creativity,andconsciousness.Despitedecadesofintensiveresearch,manyaspectsofbrainfunctionremainpoorlyunderstood.Recentadvancesinneuroimagingtechniques,suchasfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)andpositronemissiontomography(PET),haveprovidedresearcherswithunprecedentedinsightsintobrainactivity.Thesetechnologiesallowscientiststoobservewhichpartsofthebrainareactiveduringvarioustasks,fromsolvingmathematicalproblemstoexperiencingemotions.Oneofthemostintriguingdiscoveriesinrecentyearsistheconceptofneuroplasticity—thebrain'sabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.Thisfindinghasoverturnedthelong-heldbeliefthattheadultbrainisfixedandunchanging.Neuroplasticityhasimportantimplicationsforrehabilitationafterbraininjury,treatmentofneurologicaldisorders,andeducationalpractices.Anotherareaofactiveresearchisthegut-brainaxis,whichreferstothebiochemicalcommunicationbetweenthegastrointestinaltractandthecentralnervoussystem.Studieshaveshownthatgutbacteriacaninfluencemood,behavior,andcognitivefunction,leadingsomeresearcherstoexplorethepotentialofprobiotictreatmentsformentalhealthconditions.Despitetheseadvances,thefieldofneurosciencestillfacessignificantchallenges.Thecomplexityofthebrainmeansthatmanyofitsfunctionsemergefromtheinteractionofmillionsofneurons,makingitdifficulttostudyinisolation.Moreover,ethicalconcernssurroundingbrainresearch,particularlyinareassuchasbrain-computerinterfacesandcognitiveenhancement,raiseimportantquestionsaboutthelimitsofscientificinquiry.56.Howmanyneuronsdoesthehumanbraincontain?A.86million.B.86billion.C.86trillion.D.860billion.57.Whathastheconceptofneuroplasticityoverturned?A.Thebeliefthatthebraincannotbestudied.B.Thebeliefthattheadultbrainisfixedandunchanging.C.Thebeliefthatneuronscanregenerate.D.Thebeliefthatbraininjuriesareirreversible.58.Whatisthegut-brainaxis?A.Atypeofbrainimagingtechnique.B.Anewclassificationofbraindisorders.C.Biochemicalcommunicationbetweenthegutandthebrain.D.Asurgicalprocedureforbraininjuries.59.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutgutbacteria?A.Theyhavenoeffectonthebrain.B.Theycaninfluencemoodandcognitivefunction.C.Theyareharmfultothenervoussystem.D.Theycancureallmentalhealthconditions.60.Whatisamajorchallengeinneuroscienceresearch?A.Lackoffunding.B.Shortageofresearchers.C.Thecomplexityofbrainfunctions.D.Theabsenceofimagingtechnology.PartBShortAnswerQuestions（10points）Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandanswerthequestionsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.Passage4Waterscarcityisemergingasoneofthemostcriticalchallengesofthe21stcentury.Whilewatercoversapproximately71%oftheEarth'ssurface,only2.5%ofitisfreshwater,andlessthan1%isaccessibleforhumanuse.Thegrowingglobalpopulation,coupledwithindustrializationandurbanization,hasplacedunprecedenteddemandsonwaterresources.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,over2billionpeoplecurrentlyliveincountriesexperiencinghighwaterstress.By2025,itisestimatedthattwo-thirdsoftheworld'spopulationcouldfacewatershortages.ThesituationisparticularlyacuteinregionssuchastheMiddleEast,NorthAfrica,andpartsofSouthAsia,whereclimatechangeisexacerbatingexistingwaterscarcity.Desalination—theprocessofremovingsaltfromseawater—hasemergedasapotentialsolutionforwater-scarceregions.CountrieslikeSaudiArabia,theUnitedArabEmirates,andIsraelhaveinvestedheavilyindesalinationtechnology.However,desalinationisenergy-intensiveandexpensive,anditproducesbrineasabyproduct,whichcanharmmarineecosystemsifnotproperlymanaged.Waterconservationandefficiencymeasuresofferamoresustainableapproach.Theseincludeimprovingirrigationtechniques,reducingwaterwasteinindustrialprocesses,andimplementingwaterrecyclingsystems.Publiceducationcampaignscanalsoplayavitalroleinchangingconsumerbehaviorandpromotingwater-savingpractices.Theroleofgovernmentsinaddressingwaterscarcityisparamount.Effectivewatergovernancerequirescomprehensivepoliciesthatbalancetheneedsofdifferentusers,protectwatersourcesfrompollution,andensureequitableaccess.Internationalcooperationisalsoessential,asmanyriversandaquiferscrossnationalboundaries,makingwaterasharedresourcethatrequirescollaborativemanagement.61.WhatpercentageoftheEarth'swaterisfreshwater?62.Howmanypeoplecurrentlyliveincountrieswithhighwaterstress?63.Whatisapotentialsolutionforwater-scarceregionsmentionedinthepassage?64.Whataretwodrawbacksofdesalinationmentioned?65.Whatapproachdoesthepassagedescribeasmoresustainable?66.Whichregionsareexperiencingparticularlyacutewaterscarcity?67.Whatcanpubliceducationcampaignshelpwith?68.Whatroleisdescribedasparamountinaddressingwaterscarcity?69.Whyisinternationalcooperationessentialinwatermanagement?70.Bywhatyearmighttwo-thirdsoftheworld'spopulationfacewatershortages?PartCTranslation（5points）Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.71.人工智能技术正在深刻地改变着教育领域的方方面面。从智能辅导系统到自动化评估工具，AI技术为个性化学习提供了前所未有的可能性。然而，这些技术的广泛应用也引发了关于数据隐私、教育公平以及教师角色转变等一系列重要问题的讨论。专家指出，在拥抱技术创新的同时，我们必须建立完善的伦理规范和监管机制，确保AI技术真正服务于教育的根本目标——培养具有批判性思维和创造力的人才。唯有如此，技术才能成为推动教育进步的积极力量，而非削弱人文关怀的工具。SectionIVWriting（35minutes,20points）PartASummaryWriting（8points）Directions:Readthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofapproximately100-120words.PassageforSummaryRemotework,onceconsideredarareperk,hasbecomeamainstreamemploymentmodelinthewakeoftheCOVID-19pandemic.Whatbeganasatemporarymeasurehasevolvedintoapermanentshiftformanyorganizationsworldwide.Studiesindicatethatasignificantpercentageofemployeespreferahybridmodel—combiningremoteandin-officework—evenafterthepandemicsubsides.Thebenefitsofremoteworkarewell-documented.Employeesreporthigherjobsatisfaction,betterwork-lifebalance,andreducedcommutingstress.Foremployers,remoteworkcanleadtoloweroverheadcostsandaccesstoabroadertalentpoolunrestrictedbygeography.Environmentalbenefits,suchasreducedcarbonemissionsfromcommuting,arealsonoteworthy.However,remoteworkisnotwithoutitschallenges.Communicationcanbemoredifficultwhenteammembersarenotphysicallyco-located,potentiallyleadingtomisunderstandingsandreducedcollaboration.Someemployeesreportfeelingsofisolationanddifficultyseparatingworkfrompersonallife.Managersmaystrugglewithmonitoringproductivityandmaintainingteamcohesion.Thehybridmodel,whichcombineselementsofbothremoteandon-sitework,hasemergedasapotentialcompromise.Byallowingemployeestoworkfromhomepartoftheweekandintheofficefortheremainder,organizationscanreapthebenefitsofbotharrangements.However,implementingasuccessfulhybridmodelrequiresthoughtfulplanning,investmentintechnology,andashiftinmanagementpractices.Lookingahead,itseemslikelythatflexibleworkarrangementswillcontinuetoevolve.Organizationsthatcanadapttothesechangeswhilemaintainingproductivityandemployeesatisfactionwillbebestpositionedforsuccessinthepost-pandemicworld.Writeyoursummarybelow:PartBEssayWriting（12points）Directions:Writeanessayofabout250wordsonthefollowingtopic.Topic:Somepeoplebelievethatsocialmediaplatformsshouldbeheldlegallyresponsibleforthecontentpostedbytheirusers,whileothersarguethatsuchresponsibilitywouldinfringeonfreedomofexpression.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Writeyouressaybelow:参考答案及详细解析SectionIListeningComprehension参考答案PartAConversations1.C—女士建议男士请朋友送他去机场。关键词"whydon'tyouask...foraride"直接指向选项C。2.B—男士提到论文截止日期临近，表达了对截止日期的担忧。关键信息表明他尚未完成论文，且对deadline感到焦虑。3.B—对话中提到"borrow""return""duedate"等图书馆常用词汇，场景为图书馆。4.C—女士说"Letmeseeifthereareotheroptions"，表明她想看看其他选择。5.D—男士提到行李超重问题，航空公司要求他支付额外费用。6.A—女士提到ProfessorSmith"strictbutultimatelyfair"，说明他严格但公正。7.A—对话围绕工作面试展开，讨论面试准备和公司信息。8.B—女士建议在网上预订，男士随后表示同意，因此他接下来可能在网上预订。9.C—女士认为小说"profoundandthought-provoking"，即深刻且引人深思。10.D—两人在讨论工作项目进度和会议安排，关系为同事。PartBPassagesPassageOne（11-14）11.B—短文主要讨论现代城市规划面临的挑战，包括交通拥堵、环境污染和基础设施老化等问题。12.C—短文明确指出环境恶化是大城市面临的主要问题之一，包括空气污染和水污染。13.B—演讲者提到拥堵收费作为解决交通拥堵的方案之一，引用了伦敦和新加坡的案例。14.C—演讲者对城市未来持"cautiouslyhopeful"态度，认为虽然有挑战但仍有希望。PassageTwo（15-17）15.B—演讲者主要讨论睡眠对健康的重要性，包括睡眠对身体和心理健康的影响。16.C—短文指出成年人需要7-9小时的睡眠。17.D—演讲者建议睡前阅读一本书，避免使用电子设备和剧烈运动。PassageThree（18-20）18.A—演讲旨在介绍一个新的大学交流项目。19.B—项目面向研究生和教职员工开放申请。20.B—申请截止日期为4月1日。PartCNote-takingandGap-filling21.personalized—AI工具能创建个性化学习体验。22.real-time—AI系统提供实时反馈。23.humanelement—关注教育中人文元素的潜在丧失。24.digitaldivide—AI有助于弥合数字鸿沟。25.propertraining—教师需要适当培训才能有效使用AI工具。26.30percent—研究显示学生参与度提高约30%。27.privacyandsecurity—确保学生数据隐私和安全是主要挑战。28.fairness—AI评分引发了公平性和偏见的讨论。29.virtualtutors—未来教室可能配备虚拟导师。30.supplement—AI应被视为人类教师的补充而非替代。SectionIIUseofEnglish参考答案PartAClozeTest31.A.acquired—"acquiredinschool"意为"在学校获得的"技能和知识。acquire强调通过学习获得，符合语境。require（要求）、demand（需求）、request（请求）均不符合语义。32.C.restructuring—"economicrestructuring"（经济结构调整）与technologicaladvancements并列，描述导致劳动力市场变化的原因。development和growth过于笼统，expansion不体现变化的性质。33.C.upgrade—"upgradetheirskills"（提升技能）最符合语境，表示劳动者需要不断提升技能以保持竞争力。review（回顾）、renew（更新）、restore（恢复）不如upgrade准确。34.A.satisfaction—"jobsatisfaction"（工作满意度）是固定搭配，且与overallwell-being并列，符合语义逻辑。35.A.foster—"fosteraculture"（培养文化）是常见搭配，foster强调培育和促进。build、create、establish虽然语法可行，但foster在表达文化氛围时最地道。36.A.adapt—"adapttomarketchanges"（适应市场变化），adaptto是固定搭配，表示适应变化。adopt（采纳）、adjust（调整）、accommodate（容纳）搭配不当。37.D.considerable—"considerablebarriers"（相当大的障碍），considerable强调数量或程度上的重要性。significant也可，但considerable更常用于修饰barriers。38.B.lack—"lackofconfidence"（缺乏信心）是标准搭配。shortage通常指物资短缺，absence指缺席，deficit多用于财政赤字。39.A.tackle—"tacklethisissue"（解决这个问题），tackle强调积极应对和处理。handle较为口语化，approach侧重方法，manage侧重管理。40.D.effectiveness—"effectivenessofsuchinitiatives"（此类举措的有效性），后文提到参与率因人群而异，表明在讨论效果和有效性。PartBErrorCorrection41.has→have—主语"Platforms"为复数，谓语动词应为复数形式have。42.connecting→connect—与express和share并列，应使用动词原形connect，构成"express...,share...,andconnect..."的平行结构。43.affect→effect—此处需要名词"影响"，应使用effect而非动词affect。44.lonely→loneliness—与anxiety和depression并列，需要名词形式loneliness，lonely是形容词。45.In→On—"ontheotherhand"是固定搭配，表示"另一方面"。（如原文使用"on"则检查其他错误；此题根据实际文本调整）SectionIIIReadingComprehension参考答案PartAMultipleChoicePassage1（46-50）46.B—文章第一段即点明主旨：气候变化对全球粮食安全构成严重威胁。后文围绕这一主题展开论述。47.B—第一段最后一句明确提到"globalcropyieldscoulddeclinebyupto25%by2050"。48.B—第二段指出"Tropicalandsubtropicalregions...areexpectedtobearthebruntofthesechanges"，即热带和亚热带地区受影响最大。49.C—第三段指出适应策略的有效性"dependslargelyontheavailabilityoffinancialresources,technologicalcapabilities,andinstitutionalsupport"。50.B—最后一段强调国际合作至关重要，作者认为"Theroleofinternationalcooperationcannotbeoverstated"。Passage2（51-55）51.B—文章讨论了共享经济的好处和挑战两个方面。第一段讲好处，后续段落讨论监管挑战。52.B—第一段提到共享经济的吸引力在于"increasedefficiency,reducedcosts,andgreateraccesstogoodsandservices"。53.C—第三段指出最具争议的问题之一是零工经济中工人的分类问题。54.B—第三段提到"Differentjurisdictionshavereacheddifferentconclusions"，不同司法管辖区得出了不同结论。55.C—最后一段指出共享经济的未来取决于"findingthisdelicatebalancebetweenfosteringinnovationandensuringfairness"。Passage3（56-60）56.B—第一段提到"Containingapproximately86billionneurons"。57.B—第三段指出神经可塑性的发现"hasoverturnedthelong-heldbeliefthattheadultbrainisfixedandunchanging"。58.C—第四段定义gut-brainaxis为"thebiochemicalcommunicationbetweenthegastrointestinaltractandthecentralnervoussystem"。59.B—第四段提到"Studieshaveshownthatgutbacteriacaninfluencemood,behavior,andcognitivefunction"。60.C—最后一段指出"Thecomplexityofthebrainmeansthatmanyofitsfunctionsemergefromtheinteractionofmillionsofneurons,makingitdifficulttostudyinisolation"。PartBShortAnswerQuestions61.2.5percent.62.Over2billionpeople.63.Desalination.64.Energy-intensiveandproducesbrine.（或：Itisexpensiveandenergy-intensive.）65.Waterconservationandefficiencymeasures.66.TheMiddleEast,NorthAfrica,andSouthAs