2025年下半年甘肃南平全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级复习试题库

2025年下半年甘肃南平全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级复习试题库第一部分听力理解第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.M:I'mgoingtothelibrarythisafternoontoprepareforthePETS-4exam.Doyouwanttojoinme?W:I'dloveto,butIhaveanappointmentwithmyprofessoraboutmythesis.Q:Whatwillthewomandothisafternoon?A.Gotothelibrary.B.Preparefortheexam.C.Meetherprofessor.2.W:TheflightforBeijingtakesoffat10:30.Weshouldarriveattheairportby8:30.M:Don'tworry.It'sonly7:00now,andtheairportisnotfarfromhere.Q:Whattimeisitnow?A.7:00.B.8:30.C.10:30.3.M:Iheardyougotapart-timejobatthecoffeeshop.Howdoyoulikeit?W:It'sokay,butthehoursaretoolong.Ibarelyhavetimeformystudies.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherjob?A.Sheenjoysitverymuch.B.Shethinksthepayislow.C.Shecomplainsabouttheworkinghours.4.W:It'sfreezingtoday!Ican'tbelieveit'ssupposedtosnowinthemiddleofApril.M:Theweatherforecastsaidit'sacoldfrontmovingdownfromthenorth.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Aholidayplan.B.Theunusualweather.C.Anortherntrip.5.M:Thistextbookcosts50dollars.That'stooexpensiveforastudentlikeme.W:Maybeyoucanfindasecond-handoneonline.Itwillbemuchcheaper.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A.Buyinganewtextbook.B.Borrowingonefromthelibrary.C.Lookingforausedbookonline.第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。M:Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?W:Yes,Iboughtthiswashingmachineherelastweek,butitdoesn'tworkproperly.M:I'msorrytohearthat.Whatseemstobetheproblem?W:Itmakesaterriblenoisewhenitspins,andsometimesitstopsinthemiddleofacycle.M:Okay.Doyouhavethereceipt?W:Yes,hereitis.M:Thankyou.Wecansendatechniciantoyourhousetocheckittomorrowmorning.Isthatconvenient?W:Tomorrowmorningisfine.I'llbeathomeuntil11:00.M:Great.Thetechnicianwillarrivebetween9:00and10:00.6.Whatisthewomancomplainingabout?A.Alostreceipt.B.Afaultywashingmachine.C.Arudetechnician.7.Whenwillthetechniciancome?A.Thisafternoon.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Nextweek.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。W:Hi,Jack.Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyourholiday?M:Notyet.I'mthinkingaboutgoingtoYunnanorSichuan.Whatdoyouthink?W:IwenttoYunnanlastyear.Thesceneryisbreathtaking,especiallyinLijiangandShangri-La.M:Thatsoundstempting.ButI'mmoreinterestedinspicyfoodandpandas.MaybeSichuanisabetterchoice.W:Sichuanisgreattoo.YoucanvisitthePandaBaseinChengduandenjoythehotpot.M:That'sexactlywhatIwant.Bytheway,howabouttheweatherthere?W:It'susuallymild,butitcanberainy.You'dbettertakeanumbrella.M:Thanksfortheadvice.8.Wheredidthewomangolastyear?A.Yunnan.B.Sichuan.C.Guilin.9.WhydoesthemanpreferSichuan?A.Helikesspicyfoodandpandas.B.Hethinkstheweatherisbetter.C.HewantstovisitLijiang.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。W:ProfessorSmith'slectureonartificialintelligencewassoinspiringtoday.M:Iagree.Iwasparticularlyinterestedinthepartaboutmachinelearning.W:Metoo.DoyouthinkAIwillreplacehumanworkersinthefuture?M:It'spossibleinsomeindustries,likemanufacturingordataprocessing.However,Ibelievejobsrequiringcreativityandemotionalintelligencewillstillbedonebyhumans.W:Thatmakessense.Butthespeedofdevelopmentisfrightening.Todaywesawtheformulaforneuralnetworkcalculation,σ(M:Exactly.Technologyisadouble-edgedsword.Weneedtoadaptandkeeplearning.W:Bytheway,haveyoufinishedtheassignmentfornextweek?M:Notyet.I'mstrugglingwiththecodingpart.W:Wecanworkonittogetherinthelibrarythisweekend.10.Whatwasthelectureabout?A.Historyofcomputers.B.Artificialintelligence.C.Economicdevelopment.11.WhatdoesthemanthinkaboutAIreplacinghumans?A.Itwillreplacealljobs.B.Itwon'taffectcreativejobs.C.Itisimpossibleinanyindustry.12.Whatwillthespeakersdothisweekend?A.Attendanotherlecture.B.Finishtheirassignment.C.VisitProfessorSmith.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。W:Welcometoourprogram,"CityLife."TodaywehaveMr.Brown,acityplanner,totalkabouttrafficproblems.Mr.Brown,whatisthemaincauseoftrafficjamsinbigcities?M:Well,theprimarycauseistheincreasingnumberofprivatecars.Publictransportationsystemsoftencannotkeepupwiththedemand.W:So,whatsolutionscanweoffer?M:Weneedtoencouragepeopletousepublictransport.Thiscanbedonebyimprovingbusandsubwayservicesandmakingthemcheaper.W:Whataboutbuildingmoreroads?M:Buildingmoreroadsisn'talwaystheanswer.Infact,studiesshowthatexpandingroadsoftenleadstomoretraffic,aphenomenonknownas"induceddemand."W:Interesting.Somecitiesarepromotingcycling.M:Yes,buildingdedicatedbikelanesisaveryeffectiveandeco-friendlysolution.Itreducestrafficandimprovespublichealth.W:Thankyou,Mr.Brown,forsharingyourinsights.13.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Cityplanning.B.Trafficproblemsandsolutions.C.Publichealthissues.14.AccordingtoMr.Brown,whatistheprimarycauseoftrafficjams?A.Poorroadconditions.B.Toomanyprivatecars.C.Inefficienttrafficlights.15.Whatis"induceddemand"?A.Theneedforfastercars.B.Thedemandformorepublictransport.C.Thephenomenonwheremoreroadsleadtomoretraffic.A.Expandingroads.B.Buildingbikelanes.C.Sellingmorecars.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。M:Today,I'dliketotalkaboutthehistoryofcoffee.Coffeehasarichhistorythatdatesbackcenturies.ThestorygoesthatagoatherdernamedKaldidiscoveredcoffeeinEthiopia.Henoticedhisgoatsbecameveryenergeticaftereatingberriesfromacertaintree.W:(Narrator)FromEthiopia,coffeespreadtotheArabworld.Bythe15thcentury,coffeewasbeinggrownintheYemenidistrictofArabia.Here,coffeebeanswereroastedandbrewedforthefirsttime,similartohowwepreparethemtoday.M:Coffeehouses,called"qahvehkhaneh,"begantoappearincitiesacrosstheNearEast.Theseplaceswerenotjustfordrinkingcoffeebutalsoforsocializing,playingchess,anddiscussingnews.W:(Narrator)Bythe17thcentury,coffeehadmadeitswaytoEurope.Initially,itwasmetwithsuspicion.Somepeoplecalleditthe"bitterinventionofSatan."However,oncePopeClementVIIItasteditandgaveithisapproval,itspopularitysoared.M:Inthemid-1600s,coffeewasintroducedtoNewYork,replacingbeerasthefavoritebreakfastdrink.Today,coffeeisoneofthemostpopularbeveragesintheworld,withbillionsofcupsconsumedeveryday.17.Whodiscoveredcoffeeaccordingtothelegend?A.Afarmer.B.Agoatherder.C.Apriest.18.Wherewerecoffeebeansfirstroastedandbrewed?A.Ethiopia.B.Turkey.C.Yemen.19.WhywascoffeecontroversialinEuropeatfirst?A.Itwastooexpensive.B.ItwasconsideredlinkedtoSatan.C.Itcausedhealthproblems.20.WhatreplacedbeerasthefavoritebreakfastdrinkinNewYork?A.Tea.B.Milk.C.Coffee.第二部分英语知识运用第一节：单项填空从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。21.Bytheendofnextmonth,thebridge_______.A.willbecompletedB.willhavebeencompletedC.iscompletedD.wascompleted22.Itishightimethatthegovernment_______effectivemeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem.A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.wouldtake23._______theheavyrain,thefootballmatchwasputoff.A.InspiteofB.BecauseofC.DuetoD.Owingto24.Thereason_______hewaslateforthemeetingwasnotclear.A.whyB.thatC.forD.because25.Onlybyworkinghard_______succeedinyourcareer.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou26.Sheisoneofthefewstudentswho_______thescholarshipthisyear.A.hasreceivedB.havereceivedC.receivedD.receiving27.Theproject,_______wespentalotoftimeandmoney,turnedouttobeafailure.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.atwhichD.forwhich28.Iwouldratheryou_______tothepartyyesterday,butyoudidn't.A.wentB.hadgoneC.wouldgoD.havegone29.Notuntilhelefthishome_______awareoftheimportanceoffamily.A.didhebecomeB.hebecameC.hedidbecomeD.becamehe30.Thepopulationofthecityistwiceaslargeas_______ofthetown.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one31._______isknowntoall,theearthrevolvesaroundthesun.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What32.Themanagerdemandedthatthereport_______finishedbeforethemeeting.A.beB.wasC.isD.tobe33.Iappreciate_______withyourcolleagues,butI'mafraidIhavetoleavenow.A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work34.Thebook,_______coverisblue,belongstothelibrary.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.ofwhich35._______fromthetopofthetower,thecitylooksbeautiful.A.SeeingB.HavingseenC.SeenD.Tosee第二节：完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inthemodernera,theconceptofa"career"hasundergoneasignificanttransformation.Gonearethedayswhenindividualswouldjoinacompanyaftergraduationandremainthereuntilretirement.Today,the36landscapeisdynamic,unpredictable,andoftenvolatile.Thisshifthasnecessitatedachangeinmindsetandskillsetforprofessionalsacrossallindustries.Oneofthemostnotablechangesisthe37oflifelonglearning.Inthepast,auniversitydegreewasoftenconsideredsufficientforalifetimeofwork.However,withtherapid38oftechnology,knowledgecanbecomeobsoleteveryquickly.Skillsthatwereinhighdemandfiveyearsagomaynolongerberelevanttoday.39,professionalsmustcontinuouslyupdatetheirknowledgeandacquirenewskillstostaycompetitive.Thismightinvolvetakingonlinecourses,attendingworkshops,orobtainingnewcertifications.Anothersignificanttrendistheriseofthe"gigeconomy."Moreandmorepeoplearechoosingtoworkasfreelancersorindependentcontractors40traditionalfull-timeemployment.Thisoffersgreaterflexibilityandautonomy,allowingindividualstochoosetheirprojectsandsettheirownschedules.41,italsocomeswithuncertainties,suchasalackofjobsecurity,benefits,andastableincome.Thegigeconomyrequiresahighdegreeofself-disciplineandtheabilitytomanageone'sownfinancesandtimeeffectively.Furthermore,theboundarybetweenworkandpersonallifehasbecomeincreasingly42.Withtheadventofsmartphonesandremoteworktechnologies,employeesareoftenexpectedtobeavailable43theclock.This"always-on"culturecanleadleadtoburnoutandstressifnotmanagedproperly.Itiscrucialforindividualstoestablishclearboundariesandprioritizetheirwell-beingtomaintainahealthywork-lifebalance.Inadditiontothesechallenges,themodernworkplaceisbecomingmorediverseandinclusive.Companiesarerecognizingthevalueofa44workforceandareactivelypromotingdiversityandinclusioninitiatives.Thiscreatesamoreenrichingenvironmentwheredifferentperspectivesarevalued,fosteringinnovationandcreativity.Navigatingthiscomplexcareerlandscaperequiresresilience,adaptability,andaproactiveapproach.Individualsmustbewillingtostepoutoftheircomfortzones,embracechange,andtake45fortheirowncareerdevelopment.Thefutureofworkisfullofopportunitiesforthosewhoarepreparedtoadaptandevolve.36.A.politicalB.economicC.careerD.social37.A.importanceB.rejectionC.ignoranceD.decline38.A.developmentB.stagnationC.failureD.stability39.A.FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.HoweverD.Nevertheless40.A.insteadofB.infavorofC.regardlessofD.becauseof41.A.MoreoverB.ConsequentlyC.ConverselyD.Similarly42.A.distinctB.clearD.separate43.A.roundB.aroundC.allD.throughout44.A.homogeneousB.diverseC.skilledD.large45.A.chargeB.careC.placeD.pride第三部分阅读理解第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。PassageOneThetopicofclimatechangehasmovedfromtherealmofscientificjournalstotheforefrontofglobalpolitics.Thescientificconsensusisunequivocal:theplanetiswarming,andhumanactivityistheprimarydriver.Theburningoffossilfuelssuchascoal,oil,andgasreleasesgreenhousegases,notablycarbondioxide(C),intotheatmosphere.Thesegasesactlikeablanket,trappingheatandraisingglobaltemperatures.Theconsequencesofthiswarmingarefar-reaching.Wearewitnessingmorefrequentandintenseextremeweatherevents,includinghurricanes,droughts,andheatwaves.Risingsealevelsthreatencoastalcommunitiesandsmallislandnationswithinundation.Ecosystemsareunderstress,leadingtobiodiversitylossasspeciesstruggletoadapttorapidlychangingconditions.Addressingclimatechangerequiresamultifacetedapproach.Mitigationeffortsfocusonreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Thisinvolvestransitioningtorenewableenergysourceslikewindandsolar,improvingenergyefficiency,andprotectingforestswhichactascarbonsinks.Adaptationefforts,ontheotherhand,aimtoadjusttothechangesthatarealreadyinevitable.Thismightinvolvebuildingseawalls,developingdrought-resistantcrops,andimprovingearlywarningsystemsfornaturaldisasters.TheParisAgreement,adoptedin2015,representsaglobalcommitmenttolimitglobalwarmingtowellbelow2degreesCelsiusabovepre-industriallevels.Countrieshavepledgedtoreducetheirnationalemissionsandtoreportontheirprogressregularly.However,currentpledgesarenotyetsufficienttomeetthistarget,andthereisanurgentneedformoreambitiousaction.Thetransitiontoalow-carboneconomypresentsbothchallengesandopportunities.Whilesomeindustries,particularlythosereliantonfossilfuels,mayfacedifficulties,thereisimmensepotentialforjobcreationintherenewableenergysectorandforinnovationingreentechnologies.Ultimately,tacklingclimatechangeisnotjustanenvironmentalnecessitybutamoralimperativetosafeguardtheplanetforfuturegenerations.46.Whatistheprimarycauseofglobalwarmingaccordingtothepassage?A.Naturalclimatecycles.B.Humanactivity.C.Solarradiation.D.Volcaniceruptions.47.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaconsequenceofclimatechange?A.Morefrequenthurricanes.B.Risingsealevels.C.Increasedbiodiversity.D.Extremeheatwaves.48.Whatisthedifferencebetweenmitigationandadaptation?A.Mitigationreducesemissions;adaptationadjuststochanges.B.Adaptationreducesemissions;mitigationadjuststochanges.C.Mitigationfocusesonforests;adaptationfocusesonenergy.D.Thereisnosignificantdifference.49.WhatisthegoaloftheParisAgreement?A.Tostopallgreenhousegasemissionsimmediately.B.Tobantheuseoffossilfuelsby2030.C.Tolimitglobalwarmingtobelow2degreesCelsius.D.Toprovidefinancialaidtodevelopingcountries.50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthelow-carboneconomy?A.Itwillonlycauseeconomiclosses.B.Ithasnoimpactonemployment.C.Itcreatesopportunitiesforinnovationandjobs.D.Itisimpossibletoachieve.PassageTwoTheconceptofemotionalintelligence(EQ)hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,particularlyinthefieldsofpsychologyandbusiness.Whileintelligencequotient(IQ)measurescognitiveabilitiessuchaslogicalreasoning,mathematicalskills,andverbalcomprehension,EQreferstotheabilitytoidentify,understand,andmanageone'sownemotions,aswellastheemotionsofothers.DanielGoleman,aprominentpsychologist,popularizedtheideathroughhisbook"EmotionalIntelligence."HearguedthatEQmightbeevenmoreimportantthanIQforsuccessinlife.Thisisbecauseemotionsplayacrucialroleindecision-making,self-regulation,andinterpersonalrelationships.IndividualswithhighEQaretypicallybetterathandlingstress,resolvingconflicts,andworkingeffectivelyinteams.Therearefivekeycomponentsofemotionalintelligence:self-awareness,self-regulation,motivation,empathy,andsocialskills.Self-awarenessinvolvesrecognizingone'sownemotionsandhowtheyaffectthoughtsandbehavior.Self-regulationistheabilitytocontrolimpulsivefeelingsandbehaviors.Motivationreferstobeingdriventoachievegoalsforinternalreasonsratherthanexternalrewards.Empathyisthecapacitytounderstandtheemotionalmakeupofotherpeople.Socialskillsinvolvemanagingrelationshipsandbuildingnetworks.Intheworkplace,emotionalintelligenceisahighlyvaluedtrait.LeaderswithhighEQcaninspireandmotivatetheiremployees,creatingapositiveandproductiveworkenvironment.Theyarebetterequippedtohandlecriticismandarelesslikelytoengageintoxicbehaviors.Furthermore,teamswithhighemotionalintelligencetendtocommunicatemoreeffectivelyandcollaboratebetter.UnlikeIQ,whichisrelativelystablethroughoutlife,emotionalintelligencecanbedevelopedandimprovedovertime.Throughpractice,mindfulness,andfeedback,individualscanenhancetheirabilitytounderstandandmanageemotions.ThismakesEQapromisingareaforpersonalandprofessionaldevelopment.51.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenIQandEQ?A.IQmeasuresemotions,whileEQmeasurescognitiveabilities.B.IQmeasurescognitiveabilities,whileEQmeasuresemotionalabilities.C.IQisgenetic,whileEQislearned.D.IQislessimportantthanEQ.52.Whopopularizedtheconceptofemotionalintelligence?A.SigmundFreud.B.AlbertEinstein.C.DanielGoleman.D.CarlJung.53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacomponentofEQ?A.Self-awareness.B.Logicalreasoning.C.Empathy.D.Socialskills.54.WhyisEQimportantintheworkplace?A.Ithelpsleadersinspireemployeesandimproveteamwork.B.Itguaranteeshighersalaries.C.Itreplacestheneedfortechnicalskills.D.Itisrequiredbylaw.55.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthepotentialforimprovementinEQ?A.Itisfixedatbirth.B.Itcanbedevelopedandimprovedovertime.C.Itdecreaseswithage.D.Itisimpossibletomeasure.PassageThreeTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedadebateaboutitsimpactonthefutureofwork.AIsystems,poweredbymachinelearningalgorithms,arebecomingincreasinglycapableofperformingtasksthatwerepreviouslytheexclusivedomainofhumans.Fromdiagnosingdiseasestodrivingcars,AIismakingitspresencefeltacrossvarioussectors.ProponentsofAIarguethatitwillleadtounprecedentedefficiencyandproductivitygains.Byautomatingroutineandrepetitivetasks,AIcanfreeuphumanworkerstofocusonmorecreativeandstrategicendeavors.Thiscouldleadtoaneweraofinnovationandeconomicgrowth.Moreover,AIcanassisthumansincomplexdecision-makingprocessesbyanalyzingvastamountsofdataandidentifyingpatternsthathumansmightmiss.However,therearealsosignificantconcerns.Oneoftheprimaryfearsisjobdisplacement.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,thereisariskthattheywillreplacehumanworkersinawiderangeofoccupations,notjustlow-skilledjobsbutalsowhite-collarprofessionssuchasaccounting,legalanalysis,andevenjournalism.Thiscouldleadtowidespreadunemploymentandincreasedsocialinequality.AnotherconcernistheethicalimplicationsofAI.Algorithmsaretrainedondata,andifthatdatacontainsbiases,theAIsystemwillperpetuateandevenamplifythosebiases.Thiscouldleadtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.Additionally,therearequestionsaboutaccountability.Ifanautonomousvehiclecausesanaccident,whoisresponsible?Themanufacturer,thesoftwaredeveloper,ortheowner?Toaddressthesechallenges,expertscallforaproactiveapproach.Thisincludesinvestingineducationandreskillingprogramstopreparetheworkforceforthejobsofthefuture.ItalsoinvolvesdevelopingrobustethicalguidelinesandregulationstoensurethatAIisusedresponsiblyandforthebenefitofsocietyasawhole.ThegoalshouldbetoharnessthepowerofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisks.56.WhatisabenefitofAImentionedinthepassage?A.Itcreatesmorerepetitivetasks.B.Itincreasesunemployment.C.Itimprovesefficiencyandproductivity.D.Iteliminatestheneedforhumandecision-making.57.WhatisamajorconcernregardingAI?A.Itistooexpensivetodevelop.B.Itcannotanalyzelargeamountsofdata.C.Itmayleadtojobdisplacement.D.Itisonlyusefulinlow-skilledjobs.58.WhyisbiasinAIaproblem?A.ItmakesAIsystemsslower.B.Itcanleadtodiscriminatoryoutcomes.C.Itcausestechnicalerrors.D.Itisdifficulttodetect.59.WhatissuggestedtoaddressthechallengesofAI?A.StoppingallAIdevelopment.B.Ignoringtheethicalimplications.C.Investingineducationandreskilling.D.Relyingsolelyonmarketforces.60.Whatistheauthor'soveralltone?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Balanced.D.Indifferent.PassageFourThehistoryofvaccinationisatestamenttohumaningenuityandthepowerofsciencetocombatdisease.Thepracticebeganinearnestattheendofthe18thcenturywiththeworkofEdwardJenner,anEnglishdoctor.Jennernoticedthatmilkmaidswhocontractedcowpox,amilddisease,seemedtobeimmunetosmallpox,adeadlyanddisfiguringdiseasethatravagedpopulations.In1796,Jennerconductedanexperiment.Hetookmaterialfromacowpoxsoreonamilkmaid'shandandinoculatedaneight-year-oldboynamedJamesPhipps.Later,heexposedtheboytosmallpox,buttheboydidnotdevelopthedisease.Thiswasthebirthofthemodernvaccine.Theword"vaccine"comesfromtheLatinword"vacca,"meaningcow.Jenner'sworklaidthefoundationforimmunology.Overthenextcentury,thepracticeofvaccinationspread,andscientistsdevelopedvaccinesforotherdiseases,suchasrabiesandanthrax,thankstotheworkofLouisPasteurandothers.The20thcenturysawthedevelopmentofvaccinesforpolio,measles,mumps,rubella,andmanyothers,leadingtoadramaticdeclineinchildhoodmortalityandtheeradicationofsmallpoxin1980.Despitethesesuccesses,vaccinationhasfacedoppositionsinceitsinception.Somepeoplearehesitantduetoreligiousbeliefs,concernsaboutsafety,oralackoftrustinpharmaceuticalcompanies.Inrecentyears,the"anti-vax"movementhasgainedtraction,fueledbymisinformationonsocialmedia.Thishasledtooutbreaksofpreventablediseasesinsomepartsoftheworld.Vaccinesworkbystimulatingtheimmunesystemtorecognizeandfightspecificpathogens.Theytypicallycontainaweakenedorinactivatedformofthepathogen,orapieceofit.Whentheimmunesystemencountersthevaccine,itproducesantibodiesandmemorycells.Ifthebodyislaterexposedtotheactualpathogen,theimmunesystemcanrespondmorequicklyandeffectively,preventingillnessorreducingitsseverity.Today,scientistsarecontinuingtodevelopnewvaccinesforemergingdiseases,suchasCOVID-19,andforchallengingdiseaseslikemalariaandHIV.Vaccinationremainsoneofthemostcost-effectivepublichealthinterventionsavailable,savingmillionsofliveseveryyear.Thestoryofvaccinationisfarfromover;itisacontinuingjourneyofscientificdiscovery.61.Whoisconsideredthefatherofmodernvaccination?A.LouisPasteur.B.EdwardJenner.C.JamesPhipps.D.RobertKoch.62.WhatdiseasedidJenner'svaccinetarget?A.Cowpox.B.Smallpox.C.Rabies.D.Polio.63.Whatdoestheword"vacca"mean?A.Smallpox.B.Doctor.C.Cow.D.Immunity.64.Whyhasvaccinationfacedopposition?A.Becauseitisexpensive.B.Becauseitisineffective.C.Duetoreligiousbeliefs,safetyconcerns,andmisinformation.D.Becauseitcausesthediseasesitissupposedtoprevent.65.Howdovaccineswork?A.Bykillingthepathogendirectly.B.Bystimulatingtheimmunesystem.C.Bycuringthediseaseafterinfection.D.Byremovingtoxinsfromtheblood.第二节：补全文章根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theinternethasrevolutionizedthewaywecommunicate,work,andlive.However,thisconnectivitycomeswithaprice:theriskofcyberthreats.Cybersecurityisthepracticeofprotectingsystems,networks,andprogramsfromdigitalattacks.66Oneofthemostcommonformsofcyberattacksisphishing.Phishinginvolvessendingfraudulentemailsthatappeartobefromreputablesources.Thegoalistotrickindividualsintorevealingsensitiveinformation,suchaspasswordsandcreditcardnumbers.67Anothermajorthreatismalware.Malwareissoftwaredesignedtodamageordisruptacomputersystem.Thisincludesviruses,worms,trojanhorses,andransomware.Ransomware,inparticular,hasbecomeincreasinglyprevalent.Itencryptsavictim'sfilesanddemandsaransompaymenttorestoreaccess.68Toprotectagainstthesethreats,individualsandorganizationsmustadoptrobustcybersecuritymeasures.Thisincludesusingstrong,uniquepasswordsandchangingthemregularly.69Furthermore,keepingsoftwareandoperatingsystemsuptodateiscrucial.Updatesoftenincludepatchesforsecurityvulnerabilitiesthathackerscouldexploit.70Finally,backingupimportantdataregularlyensuresthatyoucanrecoveryourinformationincaseofaransomwareattackorsystemfailure.A.Theseattackscanhavedevastatingconsequences,rangingfromfinanciallosstoidentitytheft.B.Cybersecurityisnotjustatechnicalissuebutahumanone.C.Itisalsoimportanttobecautiouswhenclickingonlinksordownloadingattachmentsfromunknownsources.D.Therefore,payingtheransomisoftentheonlywaytogetfilesback.E.Installingantivirussoftwarecanalsohelpdetectandremovemaliciousprograms.F.Thedigitallandscapeisconstantlyevolving,andsoarethetacticsusedbycybercriminals.G.Withoutpaying,thedatamaybelostforever.第四部分写作第一节：短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。LastSunday,Iwenttothebookstorewithmyfriend,Lily.Wewantedtobuysomebooksfortheupcomingexam.Aswewerebrowsing,Ifoundaveryinterestedbookabouthistory.Lilypickedupanovelwhichshehadrecommendedbyherteacher.Afterchoosingourbooks,wewenttothecafeteriatohavearest.Lilyorderedacupofcoffeeandapieceofcake,butIjusthadabottleofwater.Wetalkedaboutourstudyplansandfuturedreams.Suddenly,Lilyrealizedshehadleftherpurseonthetableinthebookstore.Shewasveryworriedbecauseallhermoneyandcreditcardswereinit.Wehurriedbacktothebookstore.Lucky,theassistanth