阅读理解之推理判断题-高考英语二轮复习（上海专用）解析版

专题10间读理解之推理判断题

【考情分析】

推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型。它要求考生对文章中的内

容及作者的思路做出合理的推理与判断。推理与判断两者密不可分，推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。考生

要运用逻辑能力推论山蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从

文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析♦、推理，从而理解文章的深层次含义。

【考点梳理】

推理判断题一般分为逻辑推理、观点态度、目的意图、文章出处四个命题方向。下面就这四个常见出题方

式解析如下：

在高考英语阅读理解中，推理判断题主要考查学生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的推理判断能力，

属理解层次较高的题目。推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断乂依赖于合乎逻辑的推理，推理和判断相互

依存。这类题要求考生在理解字面意思的基础上做出符合情理的推理和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意思或深层

的意思。也就是通过文章的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系以及事物发展的规律，推断出作者没有直接表达出来的

观点和态度。常见的题干有：

(1)Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

(.2)Whatcanwcconcludefrom...?

(3)Whenthewritertalksabout...,whatdoeshereallymean?

(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfrom(hetext?

判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面

信息准出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。

我们建议学生应该遵循下列四项基本原则：

(1)判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文，切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意；

<2)全面分析所仃相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论；

(3)善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合；

(4)不可直接选取文中的原句。

其考查的主要形式有：细节推理题、作者的写作意图或目的题、推断文章出处题、推断文章结构题、推断

观点态度题。在这些题型中细节推理题在高考英语试卷中比例较大，而学生在这个问题上又总是把握不好。

了帮助学生解决这个问题，我总结了推理判断的五种依据。

1.根据类似结构进行推断

例I：Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.

AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,

beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.

Olntheauthorsopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?

A.Therichcolorofthelandscape.

B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.

C.Thewoman'sexistenceinthephoto.

D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.

试题分析：

有时候，阅读文本中正确选项与原文中的某些语句有着相似的结构或近似的意思。比如原文中的makesthe

imageinteresting与题干makesthephotosoalive结构相似,都是使照片鲜活，有生命力的意思,原文中的her

presence与选项中的Thewoman'sexistence两个词意思相同，都是存在的意思。当我们发现这些特点之后，锁

定这些关键词所在的句子详细阅读，那么自然会找出正确的选项C项。

2.根据近义词语进行推断

例2：Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy^miraculous^C奇迹般的)experiencethatsummer»butshesawaslowbut

remarkableimprovementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.Andyearslater,shewasproudthather

sonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature»andaulhoredhisownbooks,articles,poetry

andficlicn.Thepowerofthewordshasheld.

OWhatcanbeinferredfrom(helastparagraph?

A.Theauthorhasbecomeasuccessfulwriter.

B.Theauthorsmotherreadthesamebook.

C.Theauthorsmotherrewardedhimwithbooks.

D.Theauthorhashadhappysummerseversince.

试题分析；

在这道题中选项中的becomeasuccessfulwriter和原文中的authoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryand

fiction都反映出作者成为了一个作家，而且出了很多书。因此，根据这种近义表达，我们可以推断，选项A正

确。

3.根据对应的描述进行推断

例3：Thesekidsarehappiest_whendoingrepairs.Theyjokeandlauuhandarelivingintheirownrelaxedworld.

Andtheirmindsarcbrighidespiietheirdirtyhandsandclothes.

◊Intheauthorseyes»motorheadsare.

A.tidyandhardworkingB.cheerfulandsmart

C.lazybutbrightD.relaxedbutrude

试题分析：

在推断题中如果我们希望选出一些形容词，来描述人物的性格特征，那么我们选项中的一些形容词一定在

我们的原文中有对应的一些详细细节的描述。如果我们能找到这些细节描述并对号入座，那么就很容易把握住，

正确选项中的形容词在文章中所折射出的性格特点。比如该题中，原文中happiest,jokeandlau曲对应B选项

中的cheerful;原文中的Iheirmindsarebright对应选项中的smarto

4.根据例子和中心句的关系推断

例4：Samsungsaysitsnotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses."Ifyou

startedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerfor

thetimewhenyoucomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,“saidspokespersonAinySchmidt.The

companyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrale（电价）varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthe

machinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney

◊WecanconcludeformSamsungsstatementsthat.

A.theappconnectionmakeslifeeasier

B.itisbettertodryclothesinthemorning

C.Smartphonecanshortenthedryingtime

D.weshouldrefreshclothesbacka（home

试题分析：

阅读理解的推断题中经常会问某某人说的话的目的是什么？某个故事引用的目的是什么？某个数据引用的

H的是什么？某些案例，为什么要用在这个段落中……那么这样的试题，我们要考虑我们为什么要在文本中使

用这些数字、例子、故事、案例？当然都是为了让该段或者该篇文章的观点更有可信度。这个时候，我们只要

找准该段或者该篇文章的中心句，那么这道题就迎刃而解。而这道题的中心句是第一句“三星公司说这个产品不

仅仅是新鲜事物，而是一个有实际用处的应用。’‘下文就是再说如何有实际的使用价值。

5.根据话外音推断

例5：SeveraldifferentbisonspecieshavelivedontheNorthAmericancontinentsincetheIceAge;todayonlytwo

exist.Thewoodbisonisthelargerofthetwo.andisnowfoundmostlyinwesternCanada.BetterknownintheUnited

StatesisthePlainsbison,orbuffalo.Atonetime,herdsoftheseanimalscouldbesightedalmosteverywherefrom

theAppalachianMountainsintheEasttotheRockyMountainsintheWest.

◊Theauthorimplies(hatseveraltypesofbison.

A.liveoutsidetheUnitedStatesandCanada

B.arcwelladaptedtoswampyterrain

C.cxistcdbeforetheleeAge

D.havebeenkilledorhavediedout

试题分析：

阅读题干中用“imply”这个词，说明我们要找的是字面意思之外的话外音。根据阅读文本，我们会发现第一

句和其他句是^分关系。那么第一句就至关重要“从冰河世纪起，很多种欧洲野牛在北美洲生活过，但是今天只

有两种了。“那这句话的话外之音就是冰河世纪之前有很多种欧洲野牛在这个地方存在过，正好对应了C选项

existedbefore【heleeAge。

【对点训练】

A

ThefirstrealityTVshowintheworldwascalledExpeditionRobinsonanditwasshowninSwedenin1997.Half

thepopulationofthecountiywatchedthefinaleventandanewkindofTVprogramwasborn.Twoyearslaterin

Holland,thefirstseriesofBigBrotherwasfilmed.Again,itwasagreatsuccessandthefinalprogramwaswatchedby

15millionpeople.Nowmorethan20countriesaroundtheworldhaveBigBrotherorExpeditionRobinsonontheirTV

screens.Theordinarypeoplewhotakepartintheprogramsareknownbymillionsofpeopleintheirowncountriesand

realityTVhasbecomebig,bigbusiness.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A.everyoneishappyaboutrealityTV

B.realityTVwilldowellinmanycountries

C.allthepeopleinEuropearcinfavorofrealityTV

D.realityTVwillnotbebroadcastinanycountries

答案：B

解题方法与技巧：通读全文，本文主要讲的是realityTV,根据第一段的中间Nowmorethan20countries

aroundtheworldhaveBigBrotherorExpeditionRobinsonontheirTVscreens,可知真人秀在20多个国家流行。故

答案为B。该题也可以用排除法，AC两项很容易排除，可能有些学生会选D,其实every,all,not连用才表

示部分否定，而any不是。D表示现实剧不会在任何•个国家播放，当然是不对的。

B

AreBritishpeopleEuropeans?ThismayseemastrangequestiontoAfricansandAsians>whotendtothinkofall

whitepeopleasEuropeans.ButtheBritish,whentheyareinBritain,donotregardthemselvesasEuropeans.The

Europeans,tothem,arethoseratherexcitableforeignersfromtheothersideoftheEnglishChanneLwhohavenever

learnthowtospeakEnglish.Europeisknownas“theContinent”,aplacefullofinterestforBritishtourists,butalsothe

sourceofalmostalIthewarsinwhichBritainhaseverbeeninvolved.ThusalthoughgeographicallyspeakingBritain

isapartofEurope,thefactthatitisaseparateislandhasmadeitspeoplefeelvery,veryinsular(孤立的).Theyfeel,

andinmanywaysare,differentfrom(herestofEurope,andtheysometimesannoycontinentalnationsbyfailingto

supportthem,oreventounderstandthem,intimeofneed.

WheredidBritishpeoplecomefrom?Thisisanextraordinaryinterestingquestion»sincetheyareamixtureof

manydifferentraces,andalltheseracesinvaded(侵略)BritainatdifferenttimesfromEurope.Nobodyknowsvery

muchaboutBritainbeforetheRoman?cameduringthefirstcenturyB.C.,buttherehadbeenatleastthreeinvasions

beforethat.Thefirstofthesewasbyadark-hairedMediterraneanracecalledtheIberians.Theothertwowereby

Celtictribes：firsttheGaels,whosedescendantsarethemodernScotsandIrish,someofwhomstillspeaktheGaelic

language；andsecondtheBritons,whogavetheirnameto(hewholeislandofBritain.Thesewerethepeoplewhomthe

Romansconquered.TheRomansgavetheBritonsagooddealoftheircivilization,buttheyneversettledinBritainin

verylargenumbers,sotheBritishracesurviveduntiltheoverthrowoftheRomanEmpirebythe“barbarians”,i.e.the

numerousGermanictribeswhichoverranthewholeofWesternEurope.

Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethat.

A.mostpeoplethinkwhitepeopleareEuropeans

B.therearemanyAfricansandAsianslivinginEurope

C.whitemenareEuropeansintheeyesofAfricansandAsians

D.theBritishpeoplethinkofthemselvesasEuropeans

答案：C

解题思路：该题主要考查对第•段第二句ThismayseemastrangequestiontoAfricansandAsians,whotendto

thinkofallwhitepeopleasEuropeans说明在非洲人和亚洲人都认为所有的白人都是欧洲人。

C

Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfeltthe

rushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?AskedJamieTaylorof(heWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityof

Edinburgh.Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,hesaid.

Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto.

A.lest(hereadersknowledgeaboutwaves

B.drawthereadersattentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor'simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem

解题思路：作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了

弓I出主题(todrawthereadersattentiontothetopic/toserveasanintroductiontothediscussion),改选

D

(2021•全国乙卷・B篇)GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohave

ahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeople

whoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhois

callingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilk

deliveries?

27.Whatcanbeinferredabout(helandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Ilmayincreasedailyexpenses.

D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorning

milkdeliveries?”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，用煤气路灯和晨间牛奶递送服务退出我们生活的例子，侧面说

明了座机终有一天会被淘汰。故选B。

E

(2020•新高考I卷C篇)Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftafter

sevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe

GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsof

liveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,

andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglish

inCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureof

Uzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicate

stomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,

theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

11.Whatisthepuiposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.

B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.

D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段和第二段开头部分交代\ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpire

加这本书的创作背景；第二段后半部分和第三段介绍了书的具体内容，包括主题、人物和事件等；

最后一段描述了作者的创作手法、写作技巧以及对书的评价。综合全文来看，本文的中心是围绕着一本书展开

的，目的就是为了介绍这本书。故选A.

F

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisis

notasuq?rise.It'ssaid(hathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,and(hosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissionto(he

geniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcoloror

belief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.

C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。根据本段中的"It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors...theywereunacknowledged

andrejectedbyothers.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，胜利者制定了进入天才俱乐部的标准。当俱乐部以外的天才

——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人做出了贡献，他们不被别人承认并遭到拒绝。户可推知，作者认为胜利者制定

的加入天才俱乐部的标准不公平。故选A。

G

(2019•全国卷篇)Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.

Ateamofresearcherstrained(hreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbo'sconsistingof

numbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthe

monkeyscombined-oradded-thesymbolstogetthereward.

Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment：

Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andon

theothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreen

andtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwith

sevendropsofwaterorjuice；iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17in

thisexample.

35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Entertainment.B.Health.

C.Education.D.Science.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。全文围绕科学实验展开——研究者训练猴子并对其进行测试后发现猴子能够进行简

单的加法运算，但有时计算的结果不够精确。由此可推知，该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。故选D。

［上海高考真题及模拟试题精选】

A

（2022•上海•模拟预测）Google's£400macquisitionoftheUKartificialintelligenceresearchcompany

DeepMindin2014wastestimonytothequalityofBritishscientificresearch.Furthermore,theinsistenceofthethree

UKco-foundersthattheircompanywouldnotmovetoCaliforniawasseenasevidenceofLondon'spotentialto

becomeasuccessfulcentrefbrtechnologyinnovation.Fouryearslater,thefutureoftheUKcapital'stechaspirations

andofDeepMind'scentreofgravitylookalotlesscertain.

DeepMind'sannouncementlastweekthatitwouldtransfercontrolofitshealthunittoanewGoogleHealth

divisioninCaliforniahasraisedquestionsaboutdataprivacy.Thehealthunithasaccesstotherecordsof1.6mpatients

ofBritain'sNationalHealthService.Aftertouryearsofrelativeoperatingfreedom,thecompanyisconfrontingthe

hardrealityofbeingownedbyGoogle.ForGoogle,however,whichhasbeenpatientsofaraboutitsreturnon

invesunent,thetimefbrDeepMind'sworktobecommercialised-specificallyapatientmanagementAppcalled

Streams-appearstohavearrived.

TheUKCompanyfoundedbyDemisHassabis,ShaneLeggandMustafaSuleymanhasrepeatedlyvindicated

Google'sassessmentofitsworldclassartificialintelligenceresearch.In2016,itsAlphaGoprogrammebeattheworld's

bestplayerofthefiendishlycomplexboardgame“Go"afterthousandsofpracticegames.In20I7itsprogeny,AlphaGo

Zero,diditagain—withoutanyexperthumaninput.

Whenalgorithmsbeathumansaltheirowngamesitisimpressive;whentheystartbeatingthemat（heirworkit

becomesunsettling.Thisyear,anotherDeepMindalgorithmprovedbetterthanretinalspecialistsatLondon's

MoorfieldsEyeHospitalatmakingreferralswhentestedonpatientscans.

Thiswasclearprogress.DeepMind'shealthworkiswhatismostimmediatelyrelevanttoBritonssince,througha

partnershipwiththeRoyalFreeHospital,ithasaccesstothedataofsomanypatients.ThemovetoCaliforniahas

understandablyraisedprivacyconcernsatatimewhenbigtechcompanies,includingFacebook,arecomingunder

growingscrutinyforthecarelesswaytheyhaveexploitedprivatedataforcommercialgain.Moreover,thetransfer

appearstocontravenepromisesbyDeepMindthat"atnostagewillpatientdataeverbelinkedorassociatedwith

Googleaccounts,productsorservices”.ItisworryingthatatthesametimeDeepMind'sindependentreviewpanel-set

uptoscrutinizeitssensitiverelationshipwiththeNHS-isalsobeingwoundup.

DccpMind,whichseesthemoveasawayofensuringmillionsbenefitfromitswork,claimsthatitscontractswith

theNHSarcsufficienttoprotectpatients*data,whichwillremainunderthestrictcontrolofBritain'shealthservice.

Googlehassaidnothing.Thereisaclearneedforbothcompaniestooffermuchgreaterassurances.

Lastyear,DeepMindsetupanethicsandsocietydepartment,whoseindependentadviserswereselectedfbrtheir

integrity.Theyhadareputationfbraskingtoughquestionswhichsetthecompanyapartinthe(echsector.Ifindeedthe

foundersbelievedthisculturewouldbeunaffectedbythegravitationalpullofabuyeraspowerfulasGoogle,theywere

naive.WhatsAppandInstagrammadethesamemistake.

ButforthesakeoftheNHSpatientswhosedataarcatissue,itistobehopedthatthesamecultureandintegrity

survivesinCalifornia.TheSiliconValleymantraof“movefastandbreakthings”mightworkforcompanies

developingsoftware.Ithasnoplacegoverninghealthcareandtechnology.

14.Thefirstparagraphisusedto.

A.takeaboutthefutureofDeepMind

B.remindreadersofthecostofGoogle'sacquisitionofDeepMind

C.leadingtotheproblemsthatDeepMindwillface

D.highlightingthequalityofBritishscientificresearch

15.WhatistherealreasonofInformationleakageofprivatedata?

A.DeepMindhasnorelativeoperatingfreedom.

B.GoogleHealthdivisionisallowedtoretrievetherecordsof1.6mpatients.

C.Britain'sNationalHealthServiceleakstheprivatedataoftheirpatients.

D.Somecompanieshavecollectedprivatedataforcommercialgaincarelessly.

16.Whichoneisnottrueaccordingtothispassage?

A.BothGoogleandDeepMindshouldofferthepublicmuchgreaterassurances.

B.WhatsAppandInstagramarelikelytoleakinformationoftheirclients.

C.Peoplefeelnervousaboutalgorithmsemployedbyhigh-tech.

D.TheethicsandsocietydepartmentsetupbyDeepMindmaywork.

17.WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardtheSiliconValleymantra?

A.CriticalB.Positive

C.NegativeD.Ambiguous

【答案】14.C15.D16.B17.C

【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述随着科技的发展，用户信息的泄露也随之出现。

14.推理判断题。根据第一段“Google's£400macquisitionoftheUKartificialintelligenceresearchcompany

DeepMindin2014wastestimonytothequalityofBritishscientificresearch.Furthermore,theinsistenceofthethree

UKco-foundersthattheircompanywouldnotmovetoCaliforniawasseenasevidenceofLondon'spotentialto

becomeasuccessfulcentrefortechnologyinnovation.Fouryearslater,thefutureoftheUKcapilafstechaspirations

andofDeepMind^centreofgravitylookalotlesscertain.（2014年，谷歌（google）以4亿英镑收购了英国人工智能研

究公司De叩Mind,这证明了英国科学研究的质量。此外，三位联合创始人坚称，他们的公司不会迁往加州，这

被视为伦敦有潜力成为一个成功的技术创新中心的证据。四年后，英国首都的科技愿景和DeepMind的重心的

未来看起来不那么确定了）“可知，本段主要介绍了DeepMind的未来不太确定。所以第一段的目的是要告知读者

DeepMind公司将会面临的问题。故选C。

：5.推理判断题。根据第五段“ThemovetoCaliforniahasunderstandablyraisedprivacyconcernsatatimewhen

biglechcompanies,includingFacebook,arecomingundergrowingscrutinyforthecarelessway（he>haveexploited

privatedataforcommercialgain.（目前，包括Facebook在内的大型科技公司正因为不小心利用私人数据谋取商业

利益而受到越来越多的审查）”可知，私人数据的信息泄露的真正原因是大型科技公司因为不小心利用私人数据

谋取商业利益。故选D。

16.细节理解题。根据第七段“Lastyear,DeepMindsetupanechicsandsocietydepartment,whoseindependent

adviserswereselectedfortheirintegrity.Theyhadareputationforaskingtoughquestionswhichsetthecompanyapart

inthetechsector.Ifindeedthefoundersbelievedthisculturewouldbeunaffectedbythegravitationalpullofabuyeras

powerfulasGoogle,theywerenaive.WhatsAppandInstagrammadethesamemistake.（去年，DeepMind成立了一个

道德与社会部门，其独立顾问的选择是基于他们的正直。他们以问尖锐的问题闻名，这使得公司在科技领域与

众不同。如果创始人真的相信这种文化不会受到像谷歌这样强大的买家的影响，那他们就太天算了。WhatsApp

和Instagram犯了同样的错。）“可知：WhatsApp和Instagram犯的错是指像上文提到的创始人相信以问尖锐的问

题闻名这种文化不会受到像谷歌这样强大的买家的影响的错误，不是泄露用户信息的错误，所以B选项和原文

意思不一致。故选B。

7.推理判断题。根据最后一段"TheSiliconValleymantraof“movefastandbreakthings^^mightworkfbr

companiesdevelopingsoftware.Ithasnoplacegoverninghealthcareandtechnology.（硅谷”快速行动,打破常规”的

口号或许适用于开发软件的公司。它没有管理医疗和科技的地方）”可知，硅谷虽然在喊口号，但是它并没有涉

及医疗和科技的管理，所以作者对它是不认同的。故选C。

B

（2022•上海・复旦附中高一期中）AtleastsincetheappearanceofNapster（—个文件共享平台），in1999,the

Internet'spotentialeffectonmusiclistenershasoftenbeenportrayedasdramatic.Musicbloggers,theiPod'smassive

storagecapabilities,andmostrecently,thevirtuallyunlimitedbrowsingpotentialaffordedbystreaming—puttogether,

theywouldsurelypavethewayforagenerationtowhomeclecficism（折衷主义）wasnormal.Humancuriositycould

finallywin.andthesuper-listenerwouldrise.

Lilliein（hemodemmusiclandscapesuggests（hatthishascometopass.Quitethecontrary,whichisanimportant

assumptionoftheNewYorkTimesmusiccriticBenRatliff'sEverySongEven20WaystoListeninanAgeofMusical

Plenty.Inthepastdecadeorso,traditionalradiostationshavecutdownthenumberofsongstheyplayedandincreased

thefrequencyofrepetition,becauselistenersarelesslikelytoswitchawayfromtunestheyrecognize.Successful

onlineplaylistmakerssuchasPandoracontinuallyfine-tunealgorithms（算法）tofigureoutwhatindividualuserswant

tohearbasedonwhatthey'velikedbefore.Andmusicjournalistsworkingonlinehavecometounderstandthat

defendinglittle-knownartistscommandsfarlesstraffic—andthereforelessjobsecurity—thandoespromotionofthe

latestTaylorSwiftvideoorBeatlesanniversary.

Ratliffwiselydiagnosesthepsychologyunderlyingthisstateofaffairs.MInmanycases,havingrapidlyacquireda

newkindoflisteningbrain—abrainwithunlimitedaccess—wedigveiydeeplyandverynarrowly,creating

bottomlesscomfortzonesinwhatwchavedecidedwelikeandtrust,“hewrites.twOrwcshutdown,threatenedbythe

endlesschoice.Therichesremaindumbunlesswchaveanengagedrelationshipwiththem.”

An“engagedrelationship“一what,sthat?Well,youknow:Activelistening.Openlistening.Thekindoflistening

thathappenedmoreoftenwhenswitchingfromanunfamiliarsongbacktoanoldfavoritewasn'tsofrictionless—

whentheunfamiliarsonghadcostyou$16.99anda（riptoTowerRecordsloacquire,and（heoldCDwasgalhering

dustsomewhereunderyourbed.Ratliffhas20suggestions,mostlygoodones,forhowtoachievethislevelof

engagementinaworldoverflowingwithnewandstrange,andinstantaneouslyavailable,sounds.Heremindsus,ashe

proceeds,ofhowurgentlyweneedadventurouscriticslikehimatatimewhentheideaofmusicaldiscoveryhasbeen

appropriatedbytechcompaniesandsidelinesinthechaseforclicks.

9.WhateffectistheInternetsupposedtohaveonlisteners?

A.Theywouldhaveabettertasteformusic.

B.Theywouldprefermorepowerfulplayers.

C.Theywouldbewillingtotrydifferenttypesofmusic.

D.Theywouldbemorecuriousaboutthequalityofmusic.

：0.AccordingtoBenRatliff,whichstatementbestdescribesthemodernmusiclandscape?

A.Onlineplaylistmakersdon'ttakeindividualusers'preferenceintoaccount.

B.Peopledon'thaveasmuchchancetolistentounfamiliarmusicasexpected.

C.Musicjournalistsarcreadytohelpthoseunknownartistspromotetheirmusic

D.Algorithmsarcupgradedfrequentlytosatisfymusiclovers5needsfornewmusic.

11.Theword“frictionless"（inihelastparagraph）isclosestinmeaningto"

A.suddenB.expensiveC.obviousD.easy

.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmusiccriticsshouldtaketheresponsibilityof.

A.reducingtheimpactoftechnologyonus

B.engagingusinmorechaseforclicks

C.helpingusfindourcomfortzones

D.bringingoldclassicsbacktolife

【答案】9.C10.D11.D12.A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在这个网络时代，我们接触着各种新的歌曲，却仍然偏爱着老

歌的原因，以及乐评家给我们的建议。

9.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句"Musicbloggers,theiPod'smassivestoragecapabilities,andmostrecently,

thevirtuallyunlimitedbrowsingpotentialaffordedbystreaming—puttogether,theywouldsurelypavethewayfora

generationtowhomeclecticismwasnormal.（音乐博主、iPod巨大的存储能力，以及最近流媒体提供的几乎无限的

浏览潜力——合在一起，肯定会为一代人铺平道路，对于这代人来说，折衷主义是正常的）”和第三句“Human

curiositycouldfinallywin,andthesuper-listenerwouldr