考研英语（一）模拟试卷147

考研英语（一）模拟试卷147

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenth

century,itbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterfbravastagricultural

hinterland.Marketdays[Bl]thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowded,asfanners

fromwithina[B2]of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheep,vegetables,

ciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe[B3]TheHighStreetMarkelwas

continuously[B4]throughouttheperioduntil1736,[B5]it[B6]

fromFrontStreettoSecond.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonThirdStreet.

ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan[B7]Alongwithmarketdays,the

[B8]oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia[B9]aftersimilar

tradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The[BIO]provided

ameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom[BlI]placestowould-bebuyersin

thecity.LinensandstockingsfromGerman-town,[B12],werepopularitems.

Auctionswereanotherpopular[B13]oftrade.Becauseofthecompetition,

retail[B14]opposedtheseaswellasthefairs,[B15]governmental

attemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessful,theordinary[B16]

ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants*side,asincreasingbusiness

specializationbecamethe[B17]oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecame

differentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterparts,andspecialtyshopsbegantoappear

[B18]generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods.Oneofthereasons

Philadelphia'smerchantsprosperedwasthatthesurroundingareawasundergoing

Irenienduuseuonumiuanddemographicgrowth.Theydidiheirbusiness,[B19]

,inthecapitalcityoftheprovince,[B20]tonotonlythegovernorand

hiscircle,butcitizensfromalloverthecolony.

1、[Bl]

followed

B、saw

C、witted

D、increased

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题要求考生判断空格处应填人的适当动词，使句子连贯。文中

MarketdaysIthecrowdedcityevenmorecrowded缺失谓语动词，选项[B]saw为'见

证，目睹”的意思，填人后形成了常见的具有拟人色彩的句子：集市日目睹、见证

了人头攒动的城市更加羽挤。因此[B]正确。

2、[B2]

A、radiation

extent

C、radius

D、territory

标准答案：c

知识点解析：本题要求考生判断空格”应填人的适当动词，使句产连贯。from

withina2of24ormorekilometers介宾短语在修饰farmers,这个短语中缺失名词，

填人的名词既能与within搭配，表示“……之内”，又能和后面的表示距离的名词搭

配，表示“24公里或更远的……”，只有选项[C]“半径、范围''能同时符合这两个标

准，表示“来自方圆24公里或更远处的……

3、[B3]

A、townspeople

B、farmers

C^merchants

D、governors

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题要求考生判断空白处应填入的适当名词。文中as

fanners...broughtd—uctsfordirectsaletothe3是状语从句，意为“周边农

民进城将自己的农产品直销给……”，农民进城卖东西给谁——城里人，因此选择

A选项，townspeople（市民，城镇居民，城里人）。

4、[B4]

A、envisioned

B、endangered

CNenriched

D、enlarged

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题要求考生判断空格处应填人的动词，使所在句子意义完整。The

HighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil1736,...fromFront

StreettoThird.本题缺失的是句子谓语动词部分，该市场在某时期内不断地……。

从后文中的“从前街到第三大街''也可以印证该市场的范围在不断扩张。因此选项

[D]enlarged正确。

5、[B5]

A、that

B、what

C^how

D、when

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题要求考生判断空格前后两个分句的逻辑关系，填入恰当的引导

词。TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuouslyenlargedthroughouttheperioduntil

1736,5it...fromFrontStreettoSecond.本句逗号前的部分说明“直至1736年市场

在不断发展“，逗号后面是在详细描述发展状况，空格内填人when,表示“在这一

段时期”，选项［D］正确。

6、［B6］

A、varied

B、ranged

C、reached

D^differed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题要求考生判断空白处应填入的适当动词。it6fromFrontStreetto

Second,ittheHighStreetMarket,前文内容是“该市场不断发展”，本句在详细

描述一段时期发展状况，因此空格内的动词应该与发展相关。本题考查的是reach

的含义之一“延伸”。填入后，句子可以理解为“它（高街市场）从前街延伸到了二号

街”，所以选项［C］正确。

7、[B7]

A、operation

B、sale

C、cooperation

D、corporation

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题要求考”判断空白处应填人的适当名词与began搭配。空格内所

缺的信息在前一句中有提示。文中By1745NewMarketwasopenedonThird

Street.ThenextyeartheCallowHilMarketbegan7.两句话均在说明市场的发展，

根据这些并列的信息，空格内所缺的词汇与“开张”相关。词组beganoperation的意

思是“开始运转”，相当于前一句的opened。选项［A］正确。

8、[B8]

A、culture

B、institution

C^deed

D、malpractice

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题要求考生判断空白处应填人的适当名词。the8oftwice—yearly

fairspersisted意思是“一年两次集市的……保留了下来:每年两次集市是当地人们

的定期贸易活动，是一种习俗。只有［B］选项有习俗的含义。具体地说institution有

这样的含义：Acustom,practice,re—lationship,orbehavioralpatternofimportance

inthelifeofacommunilyorsociety（制度，习俗：一个社会或社区生活中的习惯、实

践、关系或主要的行为方式）。因此，本题选择选项［B］。

9、[B9]

A、therefore

hardly

C、still

D、even

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题要求考生判断空格前后两个部分的逻辑关系。面对这种题目，将

空格前后的信息进行简化，排除干扰，突显前后的逻辑关系。文中Iheinslilulionof

twice,yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeen

discontinuedinothercolonialcities,简要地理解为“费城的集市制度保留了卜

来，……在其他地方废止相似交易后（费城仍然保留该制度）可见此处需要填人

加强语气的词。填入even可以起到加强语气的作用，意思是：甚至其他城市废除

相似贸易日后，费城还保留了一年两次集市的制度。因此选项［D］even正确。

10、［B10J

A^state

B、fairs

C、farmers

D、cities

标准答案:B

知识点解析：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合原文含义的名词。在The10

providedamcansofbringinghandmadegoods…这个句子中，应当注意到空格前的定

冠词the,表明空格内的信息在上文有所提及；而且该名词后面的内容是provideda

meansofbringinghandinadegoods（.......提供手工制品给...）,选择答案时同时考虑

这两个方面，在前文中出现过，且有这种商品供应功能的就是fairs（集市），因此选

择选项［B］。

11、［B11］

A、outweighing

B、outreaching

C、outlying

D、outrageous

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合原文含义的形容词来修饰placeso

bringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.从...地区

带来手工商品卖给城里的的顾客。from11places和inthecity有对应关系，可

以得知这些商品来自其池地区，因此选择选项［C］outlying（偏僻的，偏远的）。

12、［B12］

A、however

B、forexample

C>moreover

D、incomparison

标准答案：B

知识点解析：空格内所二真信息为插入语，本句Linensandstockingsfrom

Germantown,12»werepopularitems.和上——句Thefairsprovidedameansof

bringinghandmadegoods…之间的关系，上一句说明了集市的功能——能带来诸多

手工商品；本句则提及了具体的两种手工商品“亚麻制品和长袜(Linensand

stockings)”是走俏的商品(popularitems)o可见，本句是在用具体的事例来印证上一

句的观点，因此选项|B|「orexample正确。

13、[B13]

A、fair

B、format

C、style

D、form

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合原文含义的名词。Auctionswere

anotherpopular13ofIrade意为“拍卖是另外一种盛行的贸易...从该句中的

another我们可以看出，auction是与上文所述内容并列的一种贸易活动，前文主要

阐述了“集市贸易”，而且本段中多次出现“拍卖”和“集市”的并列结构(…theseas

wellasthefairs....toeradicatefairsandauc—lions),囚此我们可.以判断，拍卖吴U集

市是并列关系，都属于贸易——o选项[D]form填入后符合语境要求，为正确答

案。

14、[BI4]

A、merchants

B、farmers

C、government

D、citizens

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合原文含义的名词。Becauseofthe

competition,retail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.句中these指auctions,本句

可理解为“由于竞争，套售...反对拍卖和集市”，选项[A]merchants(商人)和retail

搭配最恰当；而且从后文可以看出，政府也曾试图取缔集市和拍卖，经济发展偏向

于商人(onthemerchants^side),从而印证了空格里的内容应该是merchantso

15、[B15]

A、Nowthat

B、Since

C>Although

D、If

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合上下旬逻辑关系的逻辑连词。

15...toe—radicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessful....economic

developmentwasonthemerchants'side,asincreasingbusinessspecialization…面对这

种题目，一定要将空格前后的信息进行简化，从而排除干扰，突显前后的逻辑关

系。”……取缔集市和拍卖未果，由于商业专门化，经济重心在商家一方，……”从

上一题中得知“商家”与“集市、拍卖”因竞争而对立，后面又说“由于商业专门化，

经济重心在商家”，前后形成转折，因此空格内填“虽然”，选项［C］正确。

16、［B16］

A、course

B、trick

C、velocity

D、hatch

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合原文含义的名词。16ofeconomic

developmentwasonthemerchants^ide可以理解为“经济发展的...偏向于商家”，

四个选项中，“经济发展路线偏向于商家”最为通顺，因此选选项［A］。

17、［BI7］

A、command

B、order

C、recommendation

D、sequence

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合原文含义的名次。本题看似考词义

辨析，其实考查的是固定搭配theorderoftheday“议事日程”，选项［B］正确。

18、［B18］

A、inadditionto

B、forthepurposeof

C>withregardto

D、attheriskof

标准答案:A

矢口识点解析：...»andspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellinga

varietyofgoods,and前而的句子内容为“出口商人进口商那里分化出来”，后面说

“专卖店……于普通商店开始出现“，这个语境前后两个例子都在说明“商业专门化”

的趋势。因此and后的句子也需体现出商业的分化，故选择选项［A］,意思是“除了

普通商店，专卖店开始出现

19、［B19］

A、forall

B、aboveall

C、atall

D、afterall

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合原文含义的词组。本题空格内的词

组体现了前后句间的逻辑关系，因此应该综合考虑语境内容。该段主旨句已经说

明：费城商户的繁荣原因之一是周边地区经济和人口的增长。简单地说费城商业发

展与周边发展有关。后一句详细阐述周边如何促进费城商业发展。文中Theydid

theirbusiness,19,inthecapitalcityoftheprovince»...tonotonlythegovernorand

hiscircle,butcitizensfromalloverthecolony."他们...在省会城市（费城）经商不

仅迎合地方管理层，还能做全殖民地区百姓的生意”，选项［D］afterall（毕竟）能体现

出条件关系。

20、［B20］

A^resorting

B、turning

C、catering

D、committing

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题要求考生根据上下文选择符合原文含义的动词。该动词必须能与

空格后的to搭配，构成词组；并且该词组能与governorandhiscircle以及citizens

搭配。caicriosomebody的意思是“迎合，满足……的需求、'，后面可以搭配消费

者。因此选择选项［C］。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题1.0

分,共20分。）

Internetallowedpeopletopaylowerpricesforbooksbutalsoencouragedthemtopay

highpricesforsharesinlossmakingdotcomcompanies.Duringthesubprimeboom

Americansbelievedtheillusionthattheycouldgetrichbybuyingeachother'shouses.

Thosedreamsmayhavebeenshattered.Butthereisstillonegreathopeleftforinvestors:

emergingmarkets.Fundmanagershavebeenmakingthecasefore-mergingmarketsona

regularbasisoverthepast20years.Developingcountriesofferhighereconomic-growth

rates,haveyounger,moredynamicpopulationsandareunder-representedintheglobal

stockmar-kct.Buyingastakeinemergingmarketsislikebuyingastakeinthefuture.But

experienceshouldteachinvestorstobesuspiciousofno-brainerdecisions.Theyalso

needtobevigilantaboutthegrowthcase.Usingavarietyoftests,ElroyDimsonand

otherexpertsfoundvirtuallynocorrelationbetweenanindividualcountry'sGDPgrowth

rateperheadandthereturnstoinvestors.Whatistheexplanationforthisrathercounter­

intuitiveresult?Oneansweristhatastockmarketcannotreflectaneconomyperfectly.

Manycompaniesareunquoted.Thosebusinessesthathavefloatedonthemarketmaybe

mature,orslower-growing,orsimplyoverweightinonesector.In1900WallStreetwas

dominatedbyrailroadstocks,forexample.Asecondansweristhatgrowthcountriesmay

behavelikegrowthstocks.Aperiodofstrongperformanceleadstoovervaluation,from

whichsubsequentreturnsareinevitablydisappointing.Hasthatstagearrived?Theold

ruleofthumbwasthatemergingmarketswerepriceyv/hentheytradedatahigher

multipleofprofitsthantheirdevelopedcounterparts,astheydidin1999and2007just

beforesharpfallsinprices.Atthemomenttheytradeatamodestdiscount.Butemerging

marketsarepronetoboom-and-bustcycles.Theyhavesufferedthree25%-pluslossesin

thepast20calendaryears,andfiveyearsinwhichannualreturnshaveexceeded50%.

Internationalinvestorshaveprobablybeenbehindmuchoftheliability,pushingthe

marketsthiswayandthatastheyswitchbetweenenthusiasmandriskaversion.Itisquite

possiblethatanotherboomisonitsway.Bubbles,asdescribedbyCharlesKindleberger,

afinancialhistorian,usuallyinvolveaninitialdisplacement,followedbyrapidcredit

creationandthenaphaseofecstasy.Investorsprobablyhavenooptionbuttoridethe

wave,ifonlybecausetheoutlookfordevelopedmarketslookssoflat.Thereis,atleast,

moresoliditytoemergingmarketsthantherewastodotcomstocks.

21Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearnthat.

A^investorsbelievethatInternetandhousingmarketcanhelpthemgetrich

B、emergingmarketisstillthelasthopetorinvestorstogetrich

C^youngpeopleindevelopingcountriesareunder-representedintheglobalstock

market

D、topurchasestockinemergingmarketsissecureandreliable

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题相对比较简单，因为题干明确锁定了答案所在的段落，考生只需

在第一段对每个选项进行验证，看是否与原文表达的意思一致，逐一进行排除，最

终得出正确答案。

22>Judgingfromthecontext,theword"vigilant"(Linc2,Para.2)mostprobably

means.

A、alert

indifferent

C、convinced

D、aware

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查vigikim的词义，这一类题目需要考生很好地理解该词所在

句子的上下文语境；其次要注意抓衔接前后句子的标志性词，如表转折的but,

however,表递进的and,thus,more-over等能够表明句子之间关系的连接词。

该词所在句出现在文章第二段第二句，而且出现了标志性词also,明显该句是对第

一句意思的进一步肯定，而第一句是说投资者应该对这种轻而易举的决定有所怀

疑，所以这里vigilant的语义应与“怀疑的，警惕的”接近，故可得出正确答案。

23、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?

A、Thereisnocorrelationbetweenacountry'seconomicgrowthandthereturnsto

investors.

B、Investorsarcpossiblythereasonfortheturbulenceofemergingmarkets.

C、Investorsgowiththetideunwillinglyintheemergingmarkets.

D^Fewofthecompaniesarenotlistedinthestockmarket.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题答案的范围相对来说不好定位，因为题干中没有出现明确的段

落，或明显的标志性词；遇到这种题，就需要考生在所给的四个选项中找关键词，

快速地锁定答案范围，然后根据原文内容，对选项逐一进行对照理解，最后得出正

确答案。

24、Theauthorthinkstheemergingmarketsare.

A、unsettled

B、strong

C、weak

D、hopeless

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题考查作者的观点，这就需要考生通读全文，明确区分文中出现的

各个专家的各种观点，对作者观点及态度有一个整体的把握；其次尽可能通过题干

及选项中的关键词对答案进行定位，遇到上述选项为单个词的情况，尽可能去上下

文找同（近）义词，即可快速找到答案。

25、Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthetext?

A、Emergingmarketsaremorestablethandotcommarkets.

B、Emergingmarketsmaybecomethenextbubble.

C、Emergingmarketswillkeepflourishing.

D、Emergingmarketshavetheirownstrengths.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：对于主旨大意类的题目，考生应通过速读每一段的主题句或归纳每一

段的大意，继而归纳概括文章的主要内容。同时对比所给的四个选项，排除那些明

显可以判断是片面信息的选项，最终得出正确答案。

Ourbrainsarethebestcomputersintheworld!Furthermore,aswithourmuscles,the

moreweuseourbrains,themoretheircapacityincreases.Thebrainlooksliketheinside

ofawalnut.Itisdividedintotwohemispheres,whicharcconnectedtoeachotherbya

complexnetworkof300millionnervefibers.Therighthemisphereprocessesmusicand

rhythm;forms,dimensions,colorsandpatterns,aswellasintangibleconceptslikelove,

beautyandloyalty.Theleftbrainworksanalytically:itdealswithsuchactivitiesas

speech,logic,numbers,sequencing,andmath.Thus,thehalvesarecomplementary:the

rightbrainsynthesizesandleftrationalizes.Eachsidehelpsimprovetheperformanceof

theother.Whenthetwohalvesofbrainareworkingtogether,thetotalperformanceis

muchbetterthanwhenonlyoneisused.Mostscientistsagreethatlearningsystemsthat

areorientedtoonlyonesideofthebrainmightactuallylimitintellectualdevelopment.

Theybelievepeopleshouldutilizealloftheirbrains.Thebettertheconnectionbetween

thetwohalves,thegreaterthepotentialisforlearningandcreativity.Thisnegatesthe

popularbeliefthattheartistsandmusicians,whohavedevelopedtheir"rightbrain",are

notgoodatlogicormathematics.Furthermore,thereissomeevidencethatpracticeof

mediationincreasesthesynchronicitybetweenrightandleftbrainsandresultsincreative

thinking.Theworldhasseenseveralindividualswhoexhibitedsignsofhavingintegrated

wholebrainthinking.ThefamousphysicistAlbertEinsteinisanexcellentexampleofa

greatthinkerwithleftandrightbrainsynchronicity.Everyoneknowshiscomplex

thinkingproducedthetheoryofrelativity,butveryfewpeoplearcawarethathewasalso

averygoodviolinist.LeonardodaVinciisanotherexample.Notonlywasheatalented

artist,buthewasalsooneofthegreatestmathematiciansandscientistsofhisday,who

leftdetaileddrawingsofflyingmachinescenturiesbeforethefirstairplaneleftthe

ground.Researchershavealsofoundsomesignificantmale/femaledifferencesinmental

processingespeciallyrelevanttocreativity.Eachgenderhasdifferentleftmodeandright

modespecialties.Someexamplesofthesearethepurportedstrengthsmenshowinspatial

visualizationandthosethatwomenshowinverbalskills.Totakeadvantageofthese

differences,thereshouldbeabalanceofmalesandfemalesoncreativeteams.Teams

comprisedofonlymalesoronlyfemalescanbementallyincomplete,oftenjumpingto

earlyconclusions,arrivingatpoorsolutionsorboth.

26、Theconstantemploymentofbrainmay.

A、sharpenitsproperfunctions

B、expanditsstoragecapacity

C、improveeffectivenessofitsnetwork

D、reinforceconnectionofitstwohalves

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题的题干中无明显的标志性词，可能增大了考生迅速定位文章的难

度。遇到这种情况，考主要注意从题干和原文中找同近义词，对答案范围进行定

位。如题干中的employment其实是文中use的同义置换，constant是themorewe

use的同义表达，这样一来，答案的位置就相对比较确定。

27、WhenlearningEnglishvocabularies,youaremainlyusing.

A、thelefthemisphereofyourbrain

B、yourbrain'srighthemisphere

C、thelogicalpartofyourbrain

D^yourbrain'sreasoningside

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题的题干中同样地未出现明显的定位词，但通过题干及选项的设

置，考生比较容易判断出本题的考点。然后通读文章，了解文章每个段落的大意，

即可快速找到相关线索进行定位。本题还有一个难点在于，题于中提到的learning

Englishvocabularies在文中没有明显的同义替换，这里需要考生做一个判断，判断

其归属于文中提到的大脑左右半球功能中的哪一类，最后得出正确答案。

28>Thetwohemispheresofthebrain.

A^operateindependentlyofeachother

B、workconsistentlyintaskfulfillment

C、actinconformitywitheachother

D、specializeindistinctfunctions

标准答案：D

知识点解析：首先由题干中的提示词进行定位，然后确定题干考查的内容：即大脑

两个半球之间的关系。紧接着从原文中找线索，从选项中找到与原文意思表达一致

的一项。

29、Theexamplesofgreatmensuggestthatartistsandscientistsowetheirgreatnessto

the.

A、highlevelsoftheirbrainspecializations

B、sufficientusageofthebrain'srighthalf

C、utmostutilizationofthewholebrain

D^distinctivedevelopmentofiheirbrains

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题题干中出现了一些明显的定位词，利于考生快速定位到文章相应

的段落。题干考查的是文中列举的例子，而举例自然是为了例证某一观点，所以在

例子前后会提出一个比较有代表性的观点，考生要学会抓住这个关键点，再进一步

印证相应的例子是否为了例证该观点，就可明确得出答案。

30、Researchershavefoundthatmenandwomen.

A、mayachievesuccessbywayofcomplement

R、canmakeparallelcontributionstocreativework

C^shouldenjoyfreedomfrommutualinterference

D、musttakeontasksintermsofmentalpowers

标准答案：A

知识点解析：由题干中的提示词可以快速定位答案所在段落。本题是关于研究结果

表明某种现象的，一般是描述某一项研究，然后分析各种现象，最后得出一个结

论。或者先提出结论，接下来各种分析围绕这一结论展开。这就要求考生具备从整

体上把握段落主旨的能力，从而快速判断出正确答案。

JohannaLeveltSengerssiandsatthetopofherprofessionbutconfessesthat"itcanbea

littlelonely"asoneofonlytwowomeninthe82-mcmbcrengineeringsciencessectionof

theU.S.NationalAcademyofSciences(NAS).AscientistemeritusattheNational

InstituteofStandardsandTechnology,shebelongstobothNASanditspartner,the

NationalAcademyofEngineering,whereshe'soneofsevenwomenwithinthe173-

memberchemicalengineeringsection.Soinlate2004,whenshewasaskedtoco-chair

aninternationalpanelonwomeninsciencewithManjuSharmaofIndia,theydecidedto

examinenotjustwomen'splaceinsocietybutalsotheirstatuswithinthe90national

academicsthathadrequestedthereport.Thereport,postedlastweekbytheInter

AcademyCouncil(lAC),offersarefreshinglycandidassessmentoftheproblemsfacing

womentryingtoenterandmoveupintheworldofscienceandengineering.Althoughit

strikesfamiliarchordsabouttheneedtoremovebarriersandincreaseopportunitiesfor

girlsandwomen,itsingsanewtuneincommandingthenationalacademiesthemselves

to"firstputtheirownhousesinorder”.Inadditiontochoosingmorewomenasmembers

andleadersoftheirorganizations,eachnationalacademyshouldformastanding

committeeondiversitytogatheranddiscussgcndcr-rclatcddata,itsays."Wow.Thisis

farmorehard-hittingandtothepointthanIhadexpected/'saysDonnaDean,president

oftheAssociationforWomeninScienceinWashington,D.C.,andaformersenior

administratorattheNationalInstitutesofHealth,whoisnowattheWashington,D.C.,

science-lobbyingfirmofLewis-BurkeAssociates."Ittellsthevariousacademiestostop

pontificatingabouttherightthingtodoandstartshowingitinhowtheyoperate."The

reportwasfundedinpartbya$50,000grantfromL'Oreal.Since1998,theFrance-based

cosmeticscompanyhashonoredoutstandingwomenscientistsaroundtheworld一

includingfiveoftheeightwomenonthe10-personIACpanel.JenniferCampbell,who

headsthecompany'sphilanthropicefforts,saysshewouldliketoseeacross-the-board

parityforwomeninscience.ButLeveltSengerssaysshethinksthat"areasonablegoal

wouldbenomajordisparitybetweenthepercentageofPh.D.degreesawardedtowomen

inaparticularfieldandthepercentageelectedinthatfield".Mostacademiesareafarcry

fromreachingeventhatlevel.NASPresidentRalphCiceronesaysthatthere's"nomagic

bullet"foraddingwomentotheacademy'sranksbutthatNASisHyingtoincreasetheir

chancesofgainingthetypeofrecognition-throughserviceonacademypanels,keynote

speeches,andmajorscientificawards-thattraditionallyleadstoNASmembership.NAS

hasnoplans"tocollapseitsactivitiesintoonecommitteeongenderissues,"hesays,

addingthatthechallengecallsfor"asustainedeffort...alongtheentirepipeline".

31、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanlearnthat.

A、JohannaLeveltSengersisverysuccessfulinhercareer

B、JohannaLeveltSengersfeelsverylonelyinfamilylife

C、thereare82womenworkingintheNationalAcademyofSciences

D、thepanelwillonlyaddresstheissueofwomen'sstatusinthenationalacademics

标准答案：A

知识点解析：这一类题目相对比较简单，题干已明确答案所在的段落，考生只需结

合选项对指定的段落进行精读，正确理解作者表达的含义，然后与所给选项进行对

照比较，选出正确的答案。

32、Bysaying"firstputtheirownhousesinorder"(Lines4-5,Para.2),theauthor

probablymeans.

A、theyshoulddotheirownhouseworkproperly

B、housetidinessshouldbeputinapriority

C、womenscientistsshouldnotbestuckbyhousework

D、theyshouldfirstsettleproblemsoccurringintheirinstitutions

标准答案：D

知识点解析♦：由题干中的提示可迅速定位到文章第二段，要正确理解文中某一词或

句的意思，就要结合上下文语境进行判断。该短语所在的句子意为：责令国家科学

团体本身“首先处理好内部存在的女性问题”，换句话说这些团体应处理好发生在本

机构内部的女性问题。故可得出正确答案。

33、AccordingtoDonnaDean,.

A、shedidn'texpecttheproblembeingsohardtotackle

B、theworkofthereponisquitefruitful

C、academieshavethedutytoinformpeopleoftherightthingtodo

D、commonpeopleknowhowtheyoperatebyinstinct

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干中DonnaDean出现的语境可定位在第三段。这句话相对比

较长，但考生要学会抓句子主干，剔除所有的修饰成分后，不难发现DonnaDean

的言论主要就是两句话，“此举很到位，正是我所期望的”和“它也警告那些学术团

体不要板着面孔教训别人怎么去做”，而是要“向别人展示一下自己是怎么做的”。

然后对照四个选项，找到正确的答案。

34、Itcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthat.

A、L'Orealisthesolecompanythatfundsthereport

B、JenniferCampbellistheheadofL'Orcalcompany

C、thenumberofPh.D.degreesawardedtowomenisstillunproportionate

D、mostacademieshaveahighpercentageofPh.D.degreesawardedtowomen

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据题干提示，可将答案范围缩小到第四段。然后结合所给选项中的

标志性词，如选项［A］中的LQreaL选项［B］中的JeimiforCampbell,选项［c］、［D］

中的Ph.D.degrees等快速定位答案所在位置，最后通过原文和选项的比照，选

出正确答案。

35、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A^Thepresentsituationofwomen'ssocialstatusissatisfying.

B、NASwilladdressgender-relatedproblemsonebyone.

C^ThereportpostedbyIACdoesn'tgiveaclearevaluationofgenderproblems.

D^Theonlyaimofthereportwastoremovebarriersandincreasechancesforwomen.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干提示需要理解全文。为了提高做题速度，当题干中无明显的

提示词时，考生需要从选项入手，然后快速定位到需要的信息，在正确理解原文的

基础上，对照选项得出正确的答案。

Abiteofacookiecontainingpeanutscouldcausetheairwaytoconstrictfatally.Sharing

atoywithanotherchildwhohadearliereatenapeanutbutterandjellysandwichcould

raiseacaseofhives.Thesearethescenariosthat"makeyouebonemarrowturncold”

accordingtoL.VaiGiddings,vicepresidentforfoodandagricultureofthe

BiotechnologyIndustryOrganization,alsothefatherofafour-year-oldboywithasevere

peanutallergy.Peanutsareonlyoneofthemostallergenicfoods;estimatesofthe

numberofpeoplewhoexperienceareactiontothebeanshoveraround2percentofthe

population.Giddingssaysthatpeanutsareonlyoneofseveralfoodsthatbiotechnologists

arealteringgeneticallyinanattempttoeliminatetheproteinsoftenactingasallergenthat

dogreatharmtosomepeople'simmunesystems.Althoughsoyallergiesdonotusually

causelife-threateningreactions,thescientistsarealsotargetingsoybeans,whichcanbe

foundintwothirdsofallmanufacturedfood,makingthesupermarketaminefieldfor

peopleallergictosoy.Biotcchnologistsarcfocusingonwheat,too,andmightsoon

expandtheirresearchtotherestofthe"bigeight"allergy-inducingfoods:treenuts,milk,

eggs,shellfishandfish.LastSeptember,fbrexample,AnthonyJ.Kinney,acropgenetics

researcheratDuPontExperimentalStationinWilmington,Del.,andhiscolleagues

reportedusingatechniquecalledRNAinterfcrence(RNAi)tosilencethegenesthat

encodep34,aproteinresponsibleforcausing65percentofallsoybeanallergies.RNAi

exploitsthemechanismthatcellsusetoprotectthemselvesagainstforeigngenetic

material;itcausesacelltodestroyRNAtranscribedfromagivengene,effectively

turningoffthegene.Whetherthepublicwillacceptfoodgeneticallymodifiedtobelow-

allergenisstillunknown.CourtneyChabotDreyer,aspokespersonforPioneerHi-Bred

International,asubsidiaryofDuPont,saysthatthecompanywillconductstudiesto

determinewhetherapromisingmarketexistsforlow-allergensoybeforedevelopingthe

seedsforsaletofarmers.SheestimatesthatPioneerHi-Brcdissevenyearsawayfrom

commercializingthealteredsoybeans.DougGurian-Shcrman,scientificdirectorofthe

biotechnologyprojectattheCenterforScienceinthePublicInterest—agroupthathas

advocatedenhancedFoodandDrugAdministrationoversightforgeneticallymodified

foods-commentsthathisorganizationwouldnotopposelow-allergenfoodsifthey

provetobesafe.Buthewondersabout"identitypreservation"atermusedinthefood

industrytodescribethedeliberateseparationofgeneticallyengineeredand

nonengineeredproducts.Abatchofnon-engineeredpeanutsorsoybeansmight

contaminatemachineryreservedfbrlow-allcrgcnversions,hesuggests,reducingthe

benefitofthegene-alteredfood.Suchissuesofidentitypreservationcouldmakelow-

allergengeneticallymodifiedfoodstoocostlytoproduce,ChabotDreyeradmits.But,she

says,''It'sstilltooearlytoseeifthat'strue."

36、Theslalemeiil"makeyourbonemarrowlumuuld"(Lifie3,Para.l)iinplies

that.

A、theroleofpeanutismagical

Giddingsisshockedandworried

C、Giddingsissurprising

D、theroleofpeanutisrare

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从题干的提示可对答案所在的位置进行快速定位。同时需要考生结合

题干中inakeyourbonemarrowturncold的上下文进行全面理解，推断出其中暗含的

意思，最后结合所给的四个选项依次判断。

37、Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,foodshavebeengeneticallyalteredto

A^tastemoredelicious

B>curepeople'sineffectivenessinimmunesystem

C、promotesalesofpeanut

D^lowerthechancetogetallergy

标准答案：D」一

知识点解析：根据题干提示，可快速定位到文章前两段。通过阅读发现，文章第一

段主要讲述了食品过敏问题，对转基因只字未提；而第二段提到了转基因的问题，

首先判断转基因与上文的食品过敏现象有一定的联系，接着再从第二段找表明两者

关系的确切的表达，从而确定对食品进行转基因的目的是为了减少过敏反应。

38、FromParagraph3,wecanknowthatRNAi.

A、candeprivecellsofcertainmechanism

B、canprotectcellsagainstforeigngeneticmaterial

C^canbeeffectiveon34kindsofgenes

D、cancausesoybeanallergies

标准答案：A

知识点解析：该题题干中出现了明显的段落提示词和问题关键词RNAi,有利于考

生迅速定位答案位置；然后进一步对该段内容进行详细解读，明确RNAi技术如何

发挥作用；本题难点在于原文相关句子比较复杂，要求考生具备快速划分长难句，

抓住句子主要含义的能力。

39、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A^Geneticallymodifiedfoodshavebeensupervisedbytheauthority.

B、Geneticallymodifiedfoodshaveprovedtobesafe.

C、Thenonengineeredfoodsabsolutelycanbecontaminatedbytheengineeredfoods.

D^