跨文化交际-期末复习资料

Finalexam

PartiComprehensiveCheck(15*2)每课的练习A

Part2MultipleChoice(25*1)每课的练习E复习题的变体：另外请中看第五章

Part3E-CTranslation(10*1)每课的练习C

Part4Term-matching(10*1)

Part5Multiplefunction(5*5)其中三道是简答题，两道是案例分析。

Terms/questions:

l.Economi.^ernationa.econom.throu^.

trade.foreig.direc.investment.capita.flows.migration.an.th.sprca.o.tcchnology.

-2.Barbe.system

-Farmingcommunitiestradedtheirsurplusproduceinexchangeforproductsandservices

withoutthemediumofmoney.

Huma.societ.ha.alway.trade.good.acros.grea.distances.

3.Globa.village:rea.tim.event.>pressio.

Amunications.cspcciaH.t

h.Internet.

4.Melting-pot大熔

^P..socio-cultura.assimi)atio.o.peopl.o.differen.background.an.nationalities.

5.Diversity.refent.th.mi.o.peopl.rro.variou.background.i.th.labo.forc.wit..ful.mi.o.culture.an.s

ub-culture.t.whic.meniber.belong.

6.1munication.refc.t.conimunicatio.bctwce.pcopl.whos.cultura.background.a

municatio.event.Perceptio.

7.Culture.ca.bee.see.a.share.knowledge.wha.peopl.nee.t.kno.i.orde.t.ac.appropriatel.i..give.

culture.

Culture:alearnedsetofsharedinterpretationsaboutbeliefs,values,andnorms,which

affectthebehaviorofarelativelylargegroupofpeople

8.Enculturation(文化习得).al.th.activitie.o.learnin.one'xultur.ar.calle.enculturation

9.Acculturation(文化适

应).ces.whic.adopt.th.change.brough.abou.b.anothe.cultur.an.develop.a.increase.simila

rit.betwee.th.tw.cultures.

lO.Ethnocentric(文化中心主义).th.belie.tha.you.ow.cultura.backgroun.i.superior.

ll.Communication.inea.t.shar.wit.o.t.mak.coninion.a.i.givin.t.anothe..par.o.shar.o.you.thoug

hts.hopes.an.knowledge.

12.Component.o.Communication：

Source交际邀请

Thesourceisthepersonwithanideaheorshedesirestocommunicate.

Encoding编码

Unfortunatel.(o.perhap.fortunately).human.ar.no.abl.t.shar.thought.directly.Yniunicatio.i.i.t

inunicatc.E..sym

bol.

Message编码信息

Th.ter.messag.identifie.th.encode.thought.Ecess.th.verb.th.messag.i.tli.resultin.objec

t.

Channel交际渠道

Th.ier.channe.i.use.lechnicall.t.refe.l.th.mean.b.whic.th.encode.messag.i.transmitted.Th.channe.o.

munication.

Noise干扰

Thetermnoisetechnicallyreferstoanythingthatdistortsthemessagethesourceencodes.

Receiver交际接受

Thereceiveristhepersonwhoattendstothemessage.

Decoding解码

Dcess.Th.receive.i.activel.involve.i.th.

ces.b.assignin.mcanin.t.th.symbol.received.

Receiverresponse接受反应

Th.receive.i.th.perso.wh.attend.t.th.message.Receive.respons.refer.t.anythin.th.receive.doe.afts.hav

in.amende.t.an.decode.th.message.

Feedback反馈

Feedbackreferstothatportionofthereceiverresponseofwhichthesourcehasknowledgeand

towhichthesourceattendsandassignsmeaning.

Context场景

Tmunicatio.i.context.Generally.contex.ca.b.define.a.th.environmen.i.whic.t

municatio.take.plac.an.whic.help.defln.th.coinmunication.

13.Pragmatics语用学.th.stud.o.th.effec.tha.languag.ha.oJiuma.perception.an.behavior.

14.Semantics语义学：.syste.tha.associate.word.t.meaning.I.i.th.stud.o.th.meanin.o.words.

15.Denotation:th.litera.meanin.o.definitio.o..wor.-.th.explicit.particular.define.meaning.

16.Connotation:

th.suggestiv.meanin.o..wor.-.al.th.values.judgment.an.belief.implie.b..wor.th.historica.an.ass

ociativ.accretio.o.th.unspoke.$ignincanc.behin.th.litera.mcaning.

17.Taboo禁忌语：

refer.t.som.objects.word.o.action.tha.anavoide.b..particula.grou.o.people.o.i.certai.cuitur.fo.r

eligiou.o.socia.reasons.

18.Euphemism委婉语：

d.indirect.o.vagu.ter.fo.on.considere.harsh.blunt.o.ofTensive.

19.Chronemics（时间学）：Th.stud.o.ho.peopl.perceiv.an.us.time.

20.Proxemics（空间学）.refer.t.th.perceptio.an.us.o.space.

H.kinesics（肢体语言）:Th^tud.o.bod.languag..

22.Paralanguage（副语言）:

Imunicatio..

23.Monochroni.time一元时间观念.mean.payin.atlentio.t.an.doin.onl.on.thin.a..time.

24.Polychroni.time多元时间观念.mean.bein.involve.wit.inaii.thing.a.once

25.Planetar.culture行星文

4egrate.Easter.mysticis.wit.Wcstcr.scienc.an.rationalism.

26.1nterculturalpersonhood（跨文化人格）：Representssomeonewhosecognitive,affective,

andbehavioralcharacteristicsarcnotlimitedbutopentogrowthbeyondthepsychological

parametersofhisorherownculture.

l.yVha.ar.th.fou.trend.thaJea.t.th.developmen.o.th.gIoba.village.P8-9

Fourtrendsthatleadtothedevelopmentoftheglobalvillage:Convenienttransportationsystems/

Innovativecommunicationsystems/Economicglobalization.^Widespreadmigrations

2.Wha.ar.th.thre.aspect.wher.cultura.difference.exist?

Verbaldifference:language,thoughtpatterns...

Non-verbalcommunication:body-language,timeconcept,spaciouslanguage,paralanguage,

environment...

Perception:values,worldviews,beliefs,attitudes

3.Wha.ar.thre.ingredient.o.culture.文化的三个成分(thre.Ingredients)P5〜6

Ansharedartifact(thematerialandspiritualproductspeopleproduce)

sharedBehavior(whattheydo)

sharedConcepts(beliefs,values,worldviews.......whattheythink)

4.Ho.t.understan.cultura.keberg?P6-7

Langible.beyon.sigh(.an

.th.par.o.cultur.tha.i.visibLi.onl..smal.par.o..muc.bigge.whole.I.i.sai.nine-tent.o.cultur.i.belo.th.surf

ace.

(Jus.a.a.iccbcr.whic.ha..visibl.sectio.abov.th.watcrlin.an..large.invisibl.scctio.bclo.th.watcrlinc.cult

ur.ha.som.aspect.tha.ar.obsenabl.an.other.tha.ca.onl.b.suspecte.an.imagined.Ais.lik.a.iceberg.th.pa

r.o.cullur.iha.i.visibI.i.onl..smal.par.o..muc.bigge.whole.I.i.sai.nine-lenl.o.cultur.i.belo.th.surface.(P

7))

5.V¥ha.anth.tou.characteristic.o.culture.Dynamic.shared.learned.ethnocentric

Cultur.i.shared./M.communication.tak.plac.b.mean.o.symbols.

Cultur.i.learned.Cultur.i.learned.no.inherited.I.derive.fra.one'.socia.environment.no.fro.on

e’.genes.Enculturation(文化习得).Al.th.activitie.o.learnin.one'.cultur.ar.calle.enculturatio..

Cultuni.dynamic.(P<1)Cultur.i.subjec.t.change.It'.dynanii.rathe.tha.static.constantl.changin

.an.evoIvin.unde.th.impac.o.event.an.throug.contac.wit.othe.cultures.Acculturation(文化适

应).ces.whic.adopt.th.change.brough.abou.b.anothe.cultur.an.develop.a.iiicrease.simila

rit.betwee.th.tw.cultures.

Cultur.i.ethnographic(文化中心主

5(,).Ethnographi.i.th.belie.tha.you.ow.cultura.backgroun.i.superior.Ethnoceiitrisni.th.belie.th

a.you.ow.cultur.backgroun.i.superior.

6.Wmunication.

Dynamic/irreversible/symbolic/systematic/transactional/contextual

Communicationisdynamic.

.Communicatio.i.ongoing.evei-changin.activity.,wor.o.actio.doe.no.sta.froze,municate.

i.i.immediatel.replace.wit.ye.anothe.wor.o.aclion.

Communicationisirreversible.

Oncewehavesaidsomethingandsomeoneelsehasreceivedanddecodedthemessage,the

originalsendercannottakeitback.

Communicationissymbolic.

.Smunic

ated.Symbol.ar.municate.t.anothe.person.

Communicationissystematic

.Communicatio.doe.no.occu.i.isolatio.o.i..vacuuni.bu.rathe.i.par.o..larg.system.I.take.plac.i..physic

eraction.

Communicatio.i.tran$actional.(P8)

Atransactionalviewholdsthatcommunicatorsarcsimultaneouslysendingandreceiving

messagesateveryinstantthattheyareinvolvedinconversation.

Communicatio.i.contextual.(P8)

.Amunicatio.take.plac.withi..settin.o.situatio.calle..context.B.context.w.mea.th.plac.wher.peo

pl.meet.th.socia.purpos.fo.bein.together.an.th.natur.o.th.relationship.Thu.lh.contex.include.th.physi

crpcrsona.scttings.

7.Ho.i.Chines.addressin.differen.fro.America.addressing?(H^®)P22-24

I.C.bu.i.Engiis.thi.orde.i.reversed.

Addressin.b.nanies.LChin.seniorit.i.pai.respec.to.Jpe

.way.T.i.limite.t.husban.an.wife.ver.clos.friends.junior.b.elder.o.superiors.No

wadays.mor.an.mor.E.eve.whe.peopl.me

e.fo.th.firs.tinie.(intimac.an.equality.

Addressin.b.relationship.Chines.ofte.exten.kinshi.term.t.peopl.no.relate.b.bloo.o.marriage.

Thes.term.ar.use.afte.th.surnam.t.sho.politenes.an.respect.Th.Englis.equivalent.o.th.abov.kiii

shi.terni.ar.no.s.used.Eve.wit.relatives.American.ten.t.us.jus.th.firs.nani.an.leav.ou.th.ter.o.re

lationship.

Afession.Anio.Chines.for.o.addres.i.th.us.o..person'.title

.fessio.t.indicat.th.person'.influentia.status.I.English.onl..fe.occupation.o.titk.coul

.b.used.(P24.American.ten.t.regantitle.a.trivia.unles.the.hav..clea.ide.o.wha.kin.o.won.perso.

doe.an.wha.hi.responsibilitie.are.

S.Ho.i.th.Chines.writin.styl.difTeren.th.America.writin.style?

Th.Chines.emplo..circula.approac.i.writing.I.thi.kin.o.indirec.writing.lh.developmen.o.th.paragrap.

ma.b.sai.t.b.

*turnin.an.turnin.i..widenin.gyre'.Th.circle.o.gyre.tur.aroun.th.subjec.an.sho.i.fro..variet.o.tange

ntia.views.bu.th.subjec.i.neve.looke.a.directly..paragraph.se.of.b.a.indentatio.o.it.firs.sentence.o.b.

som.olhe.conventiona.devise.suc.a.exlr.spac.betwee.paragraphs.

Lconlrasl.th.American.ai:direc.an.linea.i.wriling.A.Englis.expositor.paragrap.usualLbegin.wil.topi

.statement.an.then.b..scric.o.subdivision.o.tha.topi.statcmcnt.cac.supportc.b.cxampl.an.illustrations

.proceeds.l.develo.tha.centra.ide.an.relat.tha.ide.1.al.olhe.idea.i.lh.whol.essay.an.(.emplo.(ha.icie.i.p

rope.relationshi.v.soniething.o.perhap.t.argu.something.

9.Wha.ar.th.differen.featur.o.m-tim.an.p-time.P97

M:DoonethingatatimeP:Domanythingsatonce

TaketimecommitmentsseriouslyConsidertimecommitmentsanobjectivetobe

Arecommittedtothejobachieved,ifpossible

AdherereligiouslytoplansArccommittedtopeopleandhjman

Emphasizepromptnessrelationships

Areaccustomedtoshort-tennrelationshipsChangeplansoftenandeasily

Basepromptnessontherelationship

Havestrongtendencytobuildlifetime

relationships

M-mptness.Lfeature.on.e

ven.a..tim.an.tim.i.perceive.a..linea.structure.

P-tim.i.les.rigi.an.clock-bound.I.feature.severa.activitie.a.th.sam.tim.an.tim.i.perceive.a.monf

lexibl.an.mor.human-centered.

lO.VVha.differen.worldviexa.b.driv.fro.Buddhis.an.Christianity?

Buddhist.d.no.believ.i..go.o.god.wh.create.th.world.Howeventhe.d.believ.tha.ther.i..suprem.a

n.wonderfu.trut.tha.word.canno.teach.an.ritua.canno.attain.

Buddhist.ar.no.favorabl.dispose.t.th.notio.o.fre.enterpris.an.th.pursui.o.materia.wel)-being.S

ee.fro..wester.worldview.havin.n.desire.adversel.afTect.motive.fo.persona.enrichmen.an.grow

t.generally.Thus.littLsuppor.i.accorde.t.fre.entcrpnse.

Cperty.Protestant.i.particular.s

ee.th.salvatio.o.th.individua.throug.har.wor.an.piety.

ll.VVha.i.th.America.cultura.valu.lik.i.term.o.valu.orientation?

Asfarasthehumannatureisconcerned,theAmericancultureholdsthatitisevilbutperfectible

throughhardwork.

Astotherelationofmantonature,theythinkmankindcanconquerthenature.

Theyalsohavealineartimeconceptandthereforetheyarefuture-oriented.

Theyfbcusondoingandthinkthatonlyactionscansolvetheproblem.

Theyarequiteindividualisticandthereforetheyfocuslessonthebenefitsofthegroup.

12.VVha.i.th.Chincs.cultura.valu.lik.i.term.o.valu.orientation?P

Whatisthecharacterofinnatehumannature?

Whatistherelationofmantonature?

Whatisthetemporalfbcusofhumanlife?

Whatisthemodeofhumanactivity?

Whatis（hemodeofhumanrelationships?

Il.I.i.evi.bu.perfectible.Ma.ca.conque.th.natur..presen..being-oriente..non-developmenta.mode.o.s

ociety.Compctitive

l2.Goo.bu.corruplible.harmon.wil.natur..Past.being-and-becomin.i..kin.o.spirilua.goo.o.inne.harm

cration

13.Ho.i.gcndc.diffcrcn.fro.scx.P119-120

Sex:biological,permanent,withaindividualproperty

Gender:sociallyconstructed,variedovertimeandacrosscultures,withasocialandrelational

quality

14.Wcesse.o.Gende.Socialization.P121

Familycommunication

Recreationalinteraction

15.Identif.th.feature.o.eac.o.fou.Hofsted'.cultura.dimension.an.th.c