-中考英语-语法专题突破-专题十三-主谓一致与there-be句型-人教新目标版

2019-2020年中考英语语法专题突破专题十三主谓一致与therebe句型人教新目标版考查点年份题号考查角度分值therebe句型与主谓一致201229therebe句型(thereissomethingwrongwith…)1分201128therebe句型的主谓一致和时态1分分析近5年河北中考真题可以看出,therebe句型与主谓一致为河北中考单项选择题的常考点,而且常与时态同时考查。语句设置多为单句,词数为8～14。如:2011年28题考查therebe句型的过去时;偶尔也会考查固定句型,如:2012年29题考查"Thereissomethingwrongwith…"的用法。预计2016年河北中考单项选择题会涉及一道题考查therebe句型或主谓一致。河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】1.on,books,the,there,desk,some,are________________________________________________________________________.2.a,there,here,near,is,bookstore________________________________________________________________________?()3.BothLiLeiandHanMeimei________fondoftheTVprogramABiteofChina.A.isB.amC.wasD.are()4.Somefunnycartoonpictures________onthewallofmybedroom.A.isB.areC.amD.be()5.Notonlymyfatherbutalsomygrandpa________flyingtoSingaporethisweekend.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()6.There________someflowersontheteacher'sdeskjustnow,butnowthereisnothingonit.A.haveB.wasC.wereD.had()7.There________abasketballmatchbetweenClassThreeandourclassintenminutes.A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.willhold()8.David,there________adictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.A.isB.areC.haveD.has【满分点拨】一、语法一致原则使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Thegirlisfondofsinging.Toprotecttheenvironmentisourduty.Readinginthesunisbadforoureyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。Thestudentsarehavingtheirmathclass.TheyhavebeentoQingdaotwice.and连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式Eatingvegetablesanddoingexercisearegoodforourhealth.Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.both…and…连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式BothPeterandMikecomefromEngland.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans,shoes,clothes,gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Jack'sglassesarebroken.Linda'sshoesareblackandblue.“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式；“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberoftreeshavebeenplanted.Thenumberofthementeachersinourschoolismorethan120.不定代词another,eachone,either,neither,theother,somebody,someone,something,nobody,every­body,everyone,everyth­ing,nothing,anybody,any­thing,anyone,noone等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Iseveryonehere?Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.Icalledyoulastnight,butnobodywasin.Icalledyoulastnight，butnobodywasin.主语后面跟with,alongwith,like,except,besides,aswellas,togetherwith,including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。MeiMei,withherparents,oftengoestotheparkonSunday.Ateacher,togetherwithsomestudents,isstandingatthegate.Ateacher，togetherwithsomestudents，isstandingatthegate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/…)of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。ThiskindofcarismadeinChina.Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded.“分数或百分数＋名词”作主语或“alotof/lotsof,plentyof,mostof＋名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.MostofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.注意:(1)what从句作主语时,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:Whatweneedistime.我们需要的是时间。Whatsheneedsaregoodbooks.她需要的是一些好书。(2)and连接并列主语,若前面有each,every,manya,no等词修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotapresent.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。二、意义一致原则使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family,team,group,govern­ment,class,staff,public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定；若它们表示一个集体单位,则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员,则谓语用复数形式。Hisfamilyisn'tlarge.Hisfamilyarefondofwatchingsportsprograms.有些集合名词如people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽)等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news,means,works,physics,politics,maths等,形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurder.Physicsisreallydifficultforme.“the＋某些形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Theyoungareenergetic.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),therest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。Halfoftheworkhasbeenfinished.Halfoftheworkershavefinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.注意:(1)某些以­s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如theUnitedStates,theNetherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.美国是一个发达的国家。(2)none如果指量,动词用单数;若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可;none如果代指不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。如:Noneofthemoneybelongstome.没有一分钱是属于我的。Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentoEgyptinourclass.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。(3)"all/most/half/therestof＋名词"作主语,谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如:Mostofhermoneyisspentonclothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。HalfofthestudentswatchTVtwiceaweek.一半的学生一周看两次电视。三、就近一致原则使用情况例句由or,either…or…,nor,neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,notonly…butalso…等连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。Neitheryounorheiswrong.NotonlyJimbutalsohisfriendsareenjoyingthefilm.Here/therebe句型中句子的主语在be之后,系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.Thereisanorangeandtwoapplesontheplate.四、therebe句型1."there＋be＋sb./sth.＋地点"表示"某处有某人或某物"。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的主语时,be一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。2．"there＋be＋sb./sth.＋地点"的否定形式是在be动词后面加not,notany,no。3.若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。注意：therebe结构有不同的时态,而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：Thereusedtobeseveralhousesbehindthetwobuildings.过去这两栋楼后面有几所房子。Therewasasportsmeetingyesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。河北中考考点精练()1.(2015保定8中模拟)EverybodyexceptMikeandLinda________therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.(2015呼和浩特中考)Neithertheheadm­asternortheteachers________takeavacationnextweek.A.weregoingtoB.isgoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.aregoingto()3.(2015南充中考)Thenumberofthevolunteers________100now.Andasmallnumberofthem________alreadygonetotheworkplace.A.is;haveB.are;haveC.is；areD.is；has()4.(2015重庆中考)—Howmanypeoplearethereinyourgroup?—Four.Threeboys________inourgroup.A.isB.areC.wereD.was()5.(2015承德2中模拟)Forkidsofthisage,twohoursofsittinginaclassroom________toolong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()6.(2015遂宁中考改编)There________acardontheteacher'sdeskfiveminutesago,butnowitisgone.A.haveB.isC.wasD.are()7.(2015安顺中考)—Theygotoschoole