2026年山西省人教版初中英语八年级下册第8单元词汇巩固习题

2026年山西省人教版初中英语八年级下册第8单元词汇巩固习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewsciencemuseuminourcity______manyinteractiveexhibitsthathelpstudentsunderstandtheprinciplesofphysicsandchemistry.A.includesB.containsC.consistsofD.possesses（解析：本题考查动词辨析。A选项includes意为“包括”，常用于列举具体事物；B选项contains意为“包含”，较笼统；C选项consistsof意为“由...组成”，强调整体与部分关系；D选项possesses意为“拥有”，多用于抽象概念。根据句意“我们的城市里有一个新的科学博物馆，里面有很多互动展品帮助学生理解物理和化学原理”，应选includes，表示列举具体展品。）2.Mygrandmotheroftentellsmestoriesaboutherchildhood,______shelivedinasmallvillagewithhergrandparents.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that（解析：本题考查定语从句引导词。A选项when引导时间状语从句；B选项where引导地点状语从句；C选项which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词需指物；D选项that可引导定语从句但无此用法。根据句意“我祖母经常给我讲她童年的故事，她那时住在一个有祖父母的小村庄里”，先行词是表示时间的“herchildhood”，故选when。）3.Theenvironmentalprotectionorganization______byourschoollastyearhasraisedovertenthousandyuanforplantingtreesinremoteareas.A.establishedB.establishingC.toestablishD.establishedto（解析：本题考查非谓语动词。A选项established是过去分词作后置定语；B选项establishing是现在分词作后置定语；C选项toestablish是不定式作后置定语；D选项establishedto无此结构。根据句意“我们学校去年成立的环保组织已经为在偏远地区植树筹集了超过一万元”，此处需用过去分词作后置定语修饰organization，故选A。）4.Ifyou______moretimetoexercise,youwillseesignificantimprovementsinyourphysicalhealth.A.spendB.spendC.spendD.spend（解析：本题考查动词时态。A选项spend是动词原形；B选项spends是第三人称单数形式；C选项spent是过去式；D选项spend是动词原形。根据句意“如果你花更多时间锻炼，你会看到你的身体健康有显著改善”，此处需用动词原形构成虚拟条件句，故选A。）5.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto______theirhomeworkbeforetheclassstarted.A.handinB.handoutC.handoverD.handon（解析：本题考查动词短语。A选项handin意为“上交”；B选项handout意为“分发”；C选项handover意为“移交”；D选项handon无此搭配。根据句意“老师要求学生在上课前上交作业”，应选handin。）6.Despitetheheavyrain,thevolunteers______tofinishthecharityeventontime.A.managedB.manageC.managingD.managedto（解析：本题考查动词不定式。A选项managed是过去式；B选项manage是动词原形；C选项managing是现在分词；D选项managedto是过去式+不定式。根据句意“尽管下着大雨，志愿者们设法按时完成了慈善活动”，此处需用不定式表目的，故选D。）7.Thebook______Iborrowedfromthelibrarylastweekisaboutthehistoryofancientcivilizations.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom（解析：本题考查定语从句引导词。A选项which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词需指物；B选项that可引导限制性定语从句，先行词可指物；C选项who/whom引导定语从句，先行词需指人；D选项whom是宾格形式。根据句意“我上周从图书馆借的那本书是关于古代文明历史的”，先行词是book（物），故选B。）8.Thecompanydecidedto______itsheadquarterstoamorecentrallocationtoimprovecommunicationbetweendepartments.A.moveB.movingC.movedD.moves（解析：本题考查动词时态。A选项move是动词原形；B选项moving是动名词；C选项moved是过去式；D选项moves是第三人称单数形式。根据句意“公司决定将其总部迁至更中心的位置以改善部门间的沟通”，此处需用动词原形构成主语+谓语结构，故选A。）9.Thestudentswere______tocleantheclassroombecauseitwastheirresponsibility.A.toldB.toldC.toldD.told（解析：本题考查动词时态。A选项told是过去式；B选项tells是第三人称单数形式；C选项told是过去式；D选项told是过去式。根据句意“学生们被告知要打扫教室，因为这是他们的责任”，此处需用过去式构成被动语态，故选A。）10.Thescientist'sresearch______thatclimatechangeishavingamoresignificantimpactonpolarregionsthanpreviouslythought.A.showsB.showedC.showingD.showsto（解析：本题考查非谓语动词。A选项shows是动词原形；B选项showed是过去式；C选项showing是现在分词；D选项showsto无此结构。根据句意“这位科学家的研究表明气候变化对极地地区的影响比以前认为的更显著”，此处需用动词原形构成主语+谓语结构，故选A。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Themuseum______lastyearhasbecomeapopulartouristattractioninourcity._________（参考答案：established）（解析：此处需填过去分词作后置定语修饰museum，表示“被建立的”，故填established。）2.Ifyou______morecarefully,youwouldhavenoticedthespellingmistakeinyouressay._________（参考答案：hadread）（解析：此处需用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句用过去完成时hadread，主句用wouldhavenoticed。）3.Theoldlibrary______in1998isstillinusetoday,despitetheconstructionofanewbuildingnearby._________（参考答案：built）（解析：此处需填过去分词作后置定语修饰library，表示“被建造的”，故填built。）4.Mysister______metohelpherwithherhomeworklastnight,butIwastootired._________（参考答案：asked）（解析：此处需填一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作，故填asked。）5.Thecompany______toexpanditsbusinessintointernationalmarketslastyearhasseenasignificantincreaseinprofits._________（参考答案：decided）（解析：此处需填一般过去时，表示过去决定的动作，故填decided。）6.Thestudentswere______tobringtheirtextbookstoclassbecausetheteacherwouldcheckthem._________（参考答案：asked）（解析：此处需填一般过去时，表示过去被要求的行为，故填asked。）7.Thenewrestaurant______lastmonthhasbecomeafavoritespotforlocalsandtouristsalike._________（参考答案：opened）（解析：此处需填过去分词作后置定语修饰restaurant，表示“被开业的”，故填opened。）8.Ifyou______moretimetostudy,youwouldhavepassedtheexamwithhighermarks._________（参考答案：hadspent）（解析：此处需用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句用过去完成时hadspent，主句用wouldhavepassed。）9.Thevolunteerorganization______in2005hashelpedthousandsofpeopleinneed._________（参考答案：established）（解析：此处需填过去分词作后置定语修饰organization，表示“被建立的”，故填established。）10.Theteacher______thestudentstofinishtheirprojectsbyFriday,sotheyhadtoworkquickly._________（参考答案：told）（解析：此处需填一般过去时，表示过去告诉的行为，故填told。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Themuseumthatwasestablishedlastyearhasbecomeapopulartouristattractioninourcity._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：定语从句引导词that可指物，此处正确。）2.Ifyouhadspentmoretimestudying,youwouldhavepassedtheexamwithhighermarks._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：虚拟语气结构正确，与过去事实相反的假设。）3.Theoldlibrarybuiltin1998isstillinusetoday,despitetheconstructionofanewbuildingnearby._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：过去分词作后置定语修饰library，表示被动关系，正确。）4.Thevolunteerorganizationestablishedin2005hashelpedthousandsofpeopleinneed._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：过去分词作后置定语修饰organization，表示被动关系，正确。）5.TheteachertoldthestudentstofinishtheirprojectsbyFriday,sotheyhadtoworkquickly._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：一般过去时表示过去告诉的行为，正确。）6.ThebookwhichIborrowedfromthelibrarylastweekisaboutthehistoryofancientcivilizations._________（参考答案：错误）（解析：定语从句引导词which可指物，但此处应改为that，因为先行词是book，故错误。）7.Thecompanydecidedtomoveitsheadquarterstoamorecentrallocationtoimprovecommunicationbetweendepartments._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：一般过去时表示过去决定的动作，正确。）8.Thestudentswereaskedtocleantheclassroombecauseitwastheirresponsibility._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：被动语态结构正确，表示过去被要求的行为。）9.Thescientist'sresearchshowsthatclimatechangeishavingamoresignificantimpactonpolarregionsthanpreviouslythought._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：一般现在时表示客观事实，正确。）10.Theenvironmentalprotectionorganizationestablishedbyourschoollastyearhasraisedovertenthousandyuanforplantingtreesinremoteareas._________（参考答案：正确）（解析：过去分词作后置定语修饰organization，表示被动关系，正确。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"establish"and"established"inthecontextofthesentencesprovidedinthemultiple-choicequestions._________（参考答案：establish是动词原形，意为“建立、创立”，如Thecompanydecidedtoestablishitsheadquarters.；established是过去分词，可作定语或表被动，如Thenewlyestablishedcompanyisgrowingrapidly.；在句子中，established常作后置定语修饰名词，表示“被建立的”，如Themuseumestablishedlastyear...）2.Describethestructureofaconditionalsentencetype3andprovideanexampleusingtheverb"read."_________（参考答案：条件状语从句（Type3）表示与过去事实相反的假设，结构为：从句用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句用wouldhave+过去分词。例如：IfIhadreadtheinstructionscarefully,Iwouldhavefinishedtheprojectontime.）3.Howdoesthepassivevoicefunctioninthesentence"Thestudentsweretoldtobringtheirtextbookstoclass?"_________（参考答案：被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，结构为be动词+过去分词。在句子中，students是动作told的承受者，故用被动语态；主动语态为Theteachertoldthestudentstobringtheirtextbookstoclass.）4.Explaintheroleofthenon-finiteverb"toestablish"inthesentence"Theorganizationtoestablishlastyear..."_________（参考答案：不定式toestablish作后置定语修饰organization，表示目的或即将发生的动作。此处意为“去年要建立的机构”，但更自然的表达是Theorganizationestablishedlastyear...）5.Whatisthepurposeofusingtherelativepronoun"which"inthesentence"ThebookwhichIborrowed..."?_________（参考答案：关系代词which引导定语从句，指代先行词book，并在从句中作主语。此处意为“我借的那本书”，但更自然的表达是ThebookthatIborrowed...）6.Describetheuseofthemodalverb"would"inthesentence"Ifyouhadspentmoretimestudying,youwouldhavepassed..."_________（参考答案：would用于虚拟语气主句，表示与过去事实相反的假设结果。此处意为“如果你花更多时间学习，你会通过考试”，表示本可能发生但未发生的结果。）7.Howdoesthephrase"ontime"functioninthesentence"Thevolunteersmanagedtofinishthecharityeventontime?"_________（参考答案：介词短语ontime作状语，修饰动词短语managedtofinish，表示“按时”，即按照预定时间完成。）8.Explainthedifferencebetween"asked"and"asking"inthesentence"Mysisteraskedmetohelpherwithherhomework."_________（参考答案：asked是过去式动词，表示过去发生的动作；asking是动名词，在句中作宾语补足语，表示动作的发出者。此处意为“我妹妹请求我帮她做作业”，asked是谓语动词，asking是宾语补足语。）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethesentence"Themuseumestablishedlastyearhasbecomeapopulartouristattractioninourcity"usingadifferentstructurewhilemaintainingthesamemeaning._________（参考答案：Lastyear,apopulartouristattractionwasestablishedinourcity,whichisthemuseum.或Themuseum,establishedlastyear,hasbecomeapopulartouristattractioninourcity.）2.Createaconditionalsentencetype2usingtheverb"spend"andthetopicofstudyingforanexam._________（参考答案：IfIhadspentmoretimestudyingfortheexam,Iwouldhavedonebetter.）3.Transformthesentence"Thestudentswereaskedtocleantheclassroom"intoanactivevoicesentence._________（参考答案：Theteacheraskedthestudentstocleantheclassroom.）4.Writeasentenceusingthenon-finiteverb"tohelp"todescribeapastaction._________（参考答案：Thevolunteerorganizationdecidedtohelpthefloodvictims.）5.Constructasentencewitharelativeclauseusing"which"todescribeabookyourecentlyread._________（参考答案：ThebookwhichIreadlastnightwasveryinteresting.）6.Formasentencewithamodalverbtoexpressapastpossibility._________（参考答案：IfIhadstudiedharder,Imighthavepassedthetest.）7.Usethephrase"inneed"towriteasentenceaboutpeoplewhoneedhelp._________（参考答案：Thecharityorganizationprovidesfoodandshelterforpeopleinneed.）8.Combinetheideas"environmentalprotection"and"volunteers"towriteasentenceusingapassivevoicestructure._________（参考答案：Overtenthousandyuanhasbeenraisedbythevolunteersforenvironmentalprotection.）【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.B8.A9.A10.A（解析：1-5题考查动词/短语辨析，需结合语境选择最合适的词；6-10题考查时态/语态/非谓语动词，需注意句子结构。）二、填空题1.established2.hadread3.built4.asked5.decided2.asked7.opened8.hadspent9.established10.told（解析：均需填入符合时态/语态/非谓语动词的词，注意虚拟语气和被动关系。）三、判断题1.√2.√3.√4.√5.√6.×7.√8.√9.√10.√（解析：1-5题考查正确语法结构，6题关系代词错误，7-10题结构正确。）四、简答题1.establish是动词原形，意为“建立、创立”，established是过去分词