2026年江苏省部编版初中英语上册第12单元写作练习

2026年江苏省部编版初中英语上册第12单元写作练习一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.根据第12单元课文内容，Whatisthemainideaofthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"?Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.A.ThehistoryofenvironmentalpollutionintheworldB.TheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentandhowtodoitC.ThecausesofglobalwarminganditseffectsonanimalsD.Thedevelopmentofrenewableenergytechnologiesinrecentyears解析：本题考查第12单元核心主题"环境保护"。课文明确围绕"为何保护环境"及"如何保护环境"展开，B项准确概括了主旨。A项仅涉及部分内容（历史），C项聚焦气候变化，D项涉及科技发展，均未全面覆盖课文核心。干扰项设计上，A项易被误选因课文提及污染历史，但非主旨；C项易被误选因课文涉及动物影响，但非重点；D项易被误选因课文提及太阳能，但仅是解决方案之一。2.Intheunit"ProtectingtheEnvironment",whichsentencebestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardenvironmentalprotection?A."Environmentalproblemsaretooserioustoignore."B."Weshouldusemoreplasticproductsbecausetheyareconvenient."C."Recyclingistheonlywaytosolveenvironmentalissues."D."Governmentsshouldnotspendmoneyonenvironmentalprojects."解析：本题考查作者态度。根据课文，作者强调"保护环境迫在眉睫"，A项直接体现紧迫感。B项与课文环保立场相反；C项过于绝对，课文提倡多种措施；D项与课文政府责任观点矛盾。干扰项设计上，B项利用"方便"等日常认知制造迷惑，C项利用"唯一"的绝对化表述，D项利用"不花钱"的功利性观点。3.Accordingtothepassage"HowtoSaveWater",whichofthefollowingisNOTarecommendedwaytosavewater?A.Turnoffthetapwhilebrushingyourteeth.B.Takealongshowereverydaytorelax.C.Useabuckettowashyourcarinsteadofahose.D.Fixtheleakingfaucetimmediately.解析：本题考查细节理解。B项与课文"减少淋浴时间"的环保建议相悖。A、C、D均为课文明确提倡的方法。干扰项设计上，B项利用"放松"等生活化理由，使考生易忽略环保原则；C项看似环保但未明确对比效率，迷惑性低于B项。4.Intheunit"ProtectingtheEnvironment",whatdoestheword"sustainable"mostprobablymean?A.Short-termandwastefulB.Long-lastingandenvironmentallyfriendlyC.ExpensiveanddifficulttoimplementD.Quickandeasytoachieve解析：本题考查词汇理解。根据课文对可持续发展的讨论，"sustainable"意为"可持续的"，B项准确。A项与课文环保理念相反；C项利用"昂贵"等常见误解；D项利用"简单"等表面认知。干扰项设计上，C项利用"昂贵"使考生误认为环保措施不经济，D项利用"简单"使考生忽视长期性。5.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mentionsmanyproblems,suchasplasticpollutionandairpollution.Whichsentencebestshowstherelationshipbetweentheseproblems?A."Plasticpollutioncausesairpollution."B."Bothproblemsarecausedbyhumanactivities."C."Plasticpollutionisworsethanairpollution."D."Airpollutiononlyaffectscities,notthecountryside."解析：本题考查逻辑推理。课文强调人类活动是两大问题的共同根源，B项准确。A项因果关系无依据；C项主观比较课文未提及；D项地理范围限制与课文全球视角矛盾。干扰项设计上，A项利用"塑料"和"空气"的物理关联制造假象，C项利用"比较"的常见思维，D项利用"城市/乡村"的局部认知。6.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",theauthorgivesseveralexamplesofsavingwater.WhichexampleisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Usingalow-flowshowerhead.B.Collectingrainwaterforgardening.C.Drinkingthesameglassofwatermultipletimes.D.Usingadishwasherefficiently.解析：本题考查细节排除。C项与节约用水原则矛盾，课文强调珍惜水资源。A、B、D均为课文建议。干扰项设计上，C项利用"重复喝水"的荒谬性制造迷惑，D项看似合理但未明确对比传统方式，迷惑性低于C项。7.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mentionsthatmanyanimalsareindangerbecauseofenvironmentalproblems.Whichsentencebestdescribestheauthor'sfeelingaboutthissituation?A."Itissad,butthereisnothingwecando."B."Animalsshouldadapttotheenvironmentbythemselves."C."Wemusttakeactiontoprotecttheseanimals."D."Environmentalproblemsdonotaffectanimalsmuch."解析：本题考查情感态度。课文呼吁保护动物，C项准确。A项消极态度与课文矛盾；B项忽视人类责任；D项否认影响与课文事实矛盾。干扰项设计上，A项利用"无奈"的常见心态，B项利用"自然适应"的表面逻辑，D项利用"影响不大"的轻视认知。8.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",theauthorsuggestsusingabuckettowashdishesinsteadofrunningwater.Whatisthemainreasonforthissuggestion?A.Itlooksmoremodern.B.Itsavesmorewaterthanusingasink.C.Itisfasterthanusingadishwasher.D.Itiseasiertocleanthedishes.解析：本题考查细节推理。B项符合课文"减少流水"的核心原则。A项无关；C项与课文"效率对比"矛盾；D项未提及。干扰项设计上，A项利用"现代"等主观评价，C项利用"速度"的常见需求，D项利用"清洁"的表面认知。9.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mentionsthatrecyclingisimportant.Whichsentencebestexplainswhy?A."Recyclingisfuntodoathome."B."Recyclingcanreducetheamountofwastewethrowaway."C."Recyclingmakestheenvironmentlookmorebeautiful."D."Recyclingistheonlywaytoreducepollution."解析：本题考查因果理解。B项准确反映课文"减少垃圾"的核心目的。A项主观评价；C项无关；D项绝对化表述与课文多措施原则矛盾。干扰项设计上，A项利用"有趣"等情感化描述，C项利用"美观"的表面效果，D项利用"唯一"的绝对化表述。10.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",theauthormentionsthatfixingaleakingfaucetisimportant.Whyisthis?A.Itsavesmoneyonwaterbills.B.Itpreventswaterfrombeingwasted.C.Itmakesthefaucetlookbetter.D.Itiseasiertofixthanotherproblems.解析：本题考查细节推理。B项符合课文"避免浪费"原则。A项是结果而非原因；C项无关；D项未提及。干扰项设计上，A项利用"省钱"的功利性认知，C项利用"美观"的表面需求，D项利用"简单"的常见误解。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingtothepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment",oneofthebiggestproblemsis______pollution,whichaffectstheoceanandanimals.2.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",theauthorsuggeststurningoffthetapwhenyouarenotusingitto______water.3.Theword"sustainable"inthepassagemeanssomethingthatcanbe______foralongtimewithoutharmingtheenvironment.4.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mentionsthatmanytreesarecutdownfor______,whichleadstoairpollution.5.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",collectingrainwaterisagoodwayto______waterforgardening.6.Theauthorof"ProtectingtheEnvironment"believesthatgovernmentsshould______moremoneyonenvironmentalprotection.7.Thepassage"HowtoSaveWater"mentionsthatalow-flowshowerheadcanhelpyou______water.8.Oneoftheproblemsmentionedin"ProtectingtheEnvironment"istheincreaseof______intheatmosphere,whichcausesclimatechange.9.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",theauthorsuggestsusingadishwasherinsteadofwashingdishesbyhandto______water.10.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mentionsthatmanyanimalsareindangerbecauseof______problems.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Accordingtothepassage"HowtoSaveWater",takingalongshowereverydayisagoodwaytosavewater.(×)解析：课文明确反对长时间淋浴，认为会浪费大量水资源。错误点在于将课文反对行为误认为提倡行为。2.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"onlymentionsproblemsanddoesnotsuggestanysolutions.(×)解析：课文不仅分析问题（如塑料污染），还提出解决方案（如减少使用、回收）。错误点在于忽略课文解决方案部分。3.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",theauthorsuggestsusingabuckettowashdishesbecauseitlooksmoremodern.(×)解析：课文强调的是节水效率，而非美观。错误点在于将课文核心目的误认为表面特征。4.Theword"sustainable"inthepassagemeanssomethingthatisexpensiveanddifficulttoimplement.(×)解析：课文解释"可持续"为长期且环保，未提及昂贵或困难。错误点在于将课文无关特征误认为定义。5.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mentionsthatairpollutiononlyaffectscities,notthecountryside.(×)解析：课文强调空气污染是全局问题，覆盖城乡。错误点在于将课文全局观点误认为局部观点。6.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",theauthorsuggestsdrinkingthesameglassofwatermultipletimestosavewater.(×)解析：课文强调珍惜水资源，而非重复饮用。错误点在于将课文反对行为误认为提倡行为。7.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mentionsthatrecyclingistheonlywaytoreducepollution.(×)解析：课文提倡多种措施（如减少使用、分类回收），未强调唯一性。错误点在于将课文多措施原则误认为唯一方案。8.Theauthorof"HowtoSaveWater"believesthatfixingaleakingfaucetisnotimportantbecauseitsaveslittlewater.(×)解析：课文强调即使少量漏水也应修复。错误点在于将课文原则误认为例外。9.Thepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"mentionsthatgovernmentsshouldnotspendmoneyonenvironmentalprojectsbecausetheyaretooexpensive.(×)解析：课文主张政府加大环保投入。错误点在于将课文立场误认为相反立场。10.Intheunit"HowtoSaveWater",theauthorsuggestsusingadishwasherinsteadofwashingdishesbyhandbecauseitisfaster.(×)解析：课文强调的是节水效率，而非速度。错误点在于将课文核心目的误认为表面特征。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Whatarethemainproblemsmentionedintheunit"ProtectingtheEnvironment"?参考答案：塑料污染、空气污染、森林砍伐、水资源短缺、动物濒危等。解析：本题考查核心问题概括。答案需全面覆盖课文提及的主要环境问题，体现对课文整体内容的把握。2.Howcanwesavewaterathomeaccordingtotheunit"HowtoSaveWater"?参考答案：关闭水龙头、使用节水器具（如低流量淋浴头）、收集雨水、高效使用洗碗机等。解析：本题考查细节归纳。答案需列举课文建议的节水方法，体现对具体措施的掌握。3.Whatdoestheword"sustainable"meaninthepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"?参考答案：可持续的，指在满足当代需求的同时不损害后代需求的发展方式。解析：本题考查词汇理解。答案需解释课文对"可持续"的定义，体现对核心概念的理解。4.Whyisrecyclingimportantaccordingtothepassage"ProtectingtheEnvironment"?参考答案：减少垃圾产生、节约资源、减少污染等。解析：本题考查因果分析。答案需解释课文对回收重要性的说明，体现对环保措施的认知。5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardenvironmentalprotectionintheunit"ProtectingtheEnvironment"?参考答案：严肃且积极的，认为问题严重但人类可以采取行动解决。解析：本题考查作者态度。答案需概括课文对环保问题的立场，体现对情感态度的把握。6.Howdoesthepassage"HowtoSaveWater"helpusunderstandwaterconservation?参考答案：通过具体方法和例子，说明节水的重要性及可行性。解析：本题考查文本作用分析。答案需说明课文如何帮助读者理解节水，体现对文本功能的认知。7.Whataresomeexamplesofwater-savingdevicesmentionedintheunit"HowtoSaveWater"?参考答案：低流量淋浴头、节水马桶、高效洗碗机等。解析：本题考查细节列举。答案需列举课文提及的节水器具，体现对具体信息的掌握。8.Whydoestheauthorsuggestusingabuckettowashdishesinsteadofrunningwater?参考答案：因为用桶可以控制用水量，避免流水浪费。解析：本题考查细节推理。答案需解释课文建议背后的节水原理，体现对具体措施的深入理解。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Supposeyouareastudent.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowyoucanprotecttheenvironmentatschool.参考答案：Atschool,Icanprotecttheenvironmentbyrecyclingpaper,turningofflightswhenleavingaroom,andusingreusablewaterbottles.Thesesmallactionscanmakeabigdifference.解析：本题考查应用能力。答案需结合课文环保理念，设计具体可行的校园环保行为，体现对知识的迁移应用。2.Imagineyouareaparent.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowyoucanteachyourchildtosavewaterathome.参考答案：Icanteachmychildtosavewaterbyshowingthemhowtoturnoffthetapwhilebrushingteeth,usingabuckettowashvegetables,andexplainingwhywaterconservationisimportant.解析：本题考查情景应用。答案需结合课文节水方法，设计家庭教育场景，体现对知识的实践指导能力。3.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)aboutwhyprotectinganimalsisimportantaccordingtotheunit"ProtectingtheEnvironment".参考答案：Protectinganimalsisimportantbecausetheyarepartofourecosystem.Ifanimalsdisappear,itwillaffectthebalanceofnatureandharmhumanstoo.解析：本题考查观点阐述。答案需结合课文对动物保护的论述，说明其重要性，体现对核心观点的理解。4.Supposeyouarewritingalettertoyourlocalgovernmentaboutenvironmentalproblems.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)suggestingsolutions.参考答案：Isuggestthegovernmentplantmoretrees,buildmorerecyclingcenters,andenforcestricterlawsagainstpollution.Theseactionscanimproveourenvironment.解析：本题考查问题解决能力。答案需结合课文环保措施，提出具体建议，体现对知识的批判性应用。5.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowusingalow-flowshowerheadcanhelpsavewater.参考答案：Alow-flowshowerheaduseslesswaterperminute,soyoucansavealotofwaterinashower.Itisaneasyandeffectivewaytoconservewaterathome.解析：本题考查细节应用。答案需结合课文节水器具的介绍，说明其作用原理，体现对具体知识的掌握。6.Supposeyouareateacher.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouthowyoucanteachyourstudentsaboutsustainableliving.参考答案：Icanteachstudentsaboutsustainablelivingbyorganizingrecyclingactivities,discussingrenewableenergy,andencouragingthemtomakeeco-friendlychoiceseveryday.解析：本题考查教学设计能力。答案需结合课文可持续理念，设计教学活动，体现对知识的扩展应用。7.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)aboutwhyfixingaleakingfaucetisimportantaccordingtotheunit"HowtoSaveWater".参考答案：Fixingaleakingfaucetisimportantbecauseevenasmalldripwastesalotofwaterovertime.Itisasimpleactionthatcanmakeabigdifferenceinwaterconservation.解析：本题考查细节应用。答案需结合课文对漏水的说明，强调其危害，体现对具体知识的深入理解。8.Supposeyouarewritinganarticleforaschoolmagazineaboutenvironmentalprotection.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)abouttheimportanceofteamwork.参考答案：Protectingtheenvironmentrequiresteamwork.Everyoneshouldparticipateinactionslikerecycling,savingwater,andplantingtrees.Together,wecanmakeapositivechange.解析：本题考查观点延伸。答案需结合课文环保理念，强调团队合作的重要性，体现对知识的扩展应用。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.A3.B4.B5.B6.C7.C8.B9.B10.B二、填空题1.plastic2.save3.continued4.paper5.collect6.invest7.save8.greenhousegases9.save10.environmental三、判断题1.×2.×3.×4.×5.×6.×7.×8.×9.×10.×四、简答题1.塑料污染、空气污染、森林砍伐、水资源短缺、动物濒危等。解析：答案需全面覆盖课文提及的主要环境问题，体现对课文整体内容的把握。2.关闭水龙头、使用节水器具、收集雨水、高效使用洗碗机等。解析：答案需列举课文建议的节水方法，体现对具体措施的掌握。3.可持续的，指在满足当代需求的同时不损害后代需求的发展方式。解析：答案需解释课文对"可持续"的定义，体现对核心概念的理解。4.减少垃圾产生、节约资源、减少污染等。解析：答案需解释课文对回收重要性的说明，体现对环保措施的认知。5.严肃且积极的，认为问题严重但人类可以采取行动解决。解析：答案需概括课文对环保问题的立场，体现对情感态度的把握。6.通过具体方法和例子，说明节水的重要性及可行性。解析：答案需说明课文如何帮助读者理解节水，体现对文本功能的认知。7.低流量淋浴头、节水马桶、高效洗碗机等。解析：答案需列举课文提及的节水器具，体现对具体信息的掌握。8.因为用桶可以控制用水量，避免流水浪费。解析：答案需解释课文建议背后的节水原理，体现对具体措施的深入理解。五、应用题1.Atschool,Icanprotecttheenvironmentbyrecyclingpaper,turningofflightswhenleavingaroom,andusingreusablewaterbottles.Thesesmallactionscanmakeabigdifference.解析：答案需结合课文环保理念，设计具体可行的校园环保行为，体现对知识的迁移应用。2.Icanteachmychildtosave