第二讲　非谓语动词

10/10第二讲非谓语动词1.（2025·全国一卷）Wehope（present）theratherabstractGogameandAIinavisualcontext，andinitiatedialogueswithminimalistart，conceptualartandexpressionism.2.（2025·全国二卷）Growingup，myfamilyandourneighborsneverusedclotheslinestodryclothing，denyingmethechance（discover）oneofthegreatwondersofsunshine—thesweet“sunshinescent”aftersunningclothesforanentireday.3.（2025·全国二卷）Ifyou’veneverexperiencedthe“sunshinescent”fromasheetorshirt（leave）tosunforaday，well，you’remissingoutononeoflife’swonders.4.（2025·1月浙江卷）Tanya’sshopoffersfashionclothesforwomen（rent）ratherthanpurchasethemoutright，providingalessexpensivesolutiontoone-timeeventdressing.5.（2025·1月浙江卷）“Ireallywanttomakethisworkforpeople’slivestoday，andIknowthatdoesn’talwaysmean（return）adressontheMondayafteraspecialweekend，”shesays.6.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays（give）theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.7.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternationalvisibility，saidEdmondson，addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed（find）theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.8.（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）（recall）watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare’splayRichardⅢinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThePeonyPavilion，Edmondsonsaid，“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandseehowTang’splaywasbeingperformed.”9.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）NomatterwhereIbuythem，though，onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough，yettwoseemsgreedy，andsoIamalwaysleft（want）morenexttime.10.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalis（improve）connectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas，andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语动词，再出现动词时，就要使用非谓语形式。动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式（分为动名词和现在分词）和动词-ed形式（过去分词）。主（被）动形式及句法功能非谓语形式主动形式被动形式句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主语宾语表语定语状语补语动词不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√动词-ing形式动名词doing\havingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√现在分词√√√√动词-ed形式过去分词\done√√√√1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语（通常是句子的主语）之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。2.时间先后关系根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态：（1）非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式；（2）非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。考点一非谓语动词作状语动词不定式作状语作目的状语，有时用inorderto或soasto，但soasto不用于句首。Wewillcontinueourcampaigntopreventandcontroloceanpollutiontomakeouroceansclean.我们将继续我们的运动，以预防和控制海洋污染，使我们的海洋变得干净。作结果状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用结构有enoughto，so/such...asto，too...to...，onlyto等。Wehurriedtothestation，onlytobetoldthatthetrainhadleft.我们急匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。Iwasfrightenedtofindthatinfrontofmydoorsatadog.我惊恐地发现我家门前坐着一条狗。在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋todo”结构中，动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy、hard、interesting、pleasant等。Thechairlooksratherhard，butinfactitisverycomfortabletositon.这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。现在分词表示作状语的动词与其逻辑主语构成主动关系；过去分词表示作状语的动词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系。Walkinginthestreet，Icameacrossanoldfriend.（时间状语）走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。Havingwaitedinlinefortwohours，theoldmanbecameimpatient.（原因状语）已经排了两个小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。Seriouslyinjured，shehastobesenttothehospitalatonce.（原因状语）她受了重伤，必须马上送往医院。某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost（迷路的），seated（坐着的），hidden（隐瞒的），lost/absorbedin（沉溺于），dressedin（穿着……的），tiredof（对……感到厌倦的）等。Absorbedinthebook，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.他完全被这本书所吸引，没有注意到我进入房间。独立主格结构作状语作状语的动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，而是带有自己的逻辑主语，即“名词/代词＋分词（短语）”。Thegirlstaringathim，hefeltalittlenervous.女孩盯着他看，他感到有点紧张。Theproblemsolved，weallfeltveryhappy.问题解决了，我们都感到很开心。独立成分作状语totell（you）thetruth老实说tobehonest老实说judgingby/from根据……来判断generallyspeaking一般来说 tobeginwith首先 comparedwith/to与……相比单句语法填空①（2026·芜湖二模）Oneday，Ithrewawayabagofwetwasteintothecompostbin，（forget）toremovetheplasticbagfirst.②（2026·南昌二模）“Ourworkersfailedtokeeptheoriginallayoutandinteriordecorations，”Shesaid.“Luckily，wemadeefforts（find）similarmaterialsandusedvariousconventionalskillstorepairdoorsandwindows.”③（2026·上饶二模）（know）foritscarefulcraftsmanship，kesiinvolvesweavingeachcolorfulthreadindividuallytoformdetailedpatterns，oftencreatinglifelikeimagerywithashiny，layeredeffect.④（2026·烟台二模）（complete）DukuHighway，thousandsofsoldiersandworkersdevotedthemselvestoitsconstruction.⑤（2026·厦门四模）（locate）neartheA-MaTemple，theexhibitiondrawsinspirationfromMacau’slong-standingMazutraditionsandthehistoricalspreadofMazuculturefromCai’shometowninQuanzhou，Fujian.考点二非谓语动词作定语动词不定式作定语表示动作即将发生。Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。多用于ability，ambition，attempt，chance，courage，decision，desire，determination，effort，reason，time，tradition等词后。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。多用于被序数词，theonly，thelast，theright或形容词最高级修饰的名词后。Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途。aswimmingpool＝apoolforswimming游泳池awaitingroom＝aroomforwaiting候车室分词作定语现在分词表示主动、正在进行；过去分词表示被动、已经完成。Thelecture，startingat7o’clocklastnight，wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点，紧接着是用望远镜观看月球的活动。TsinghuaUniversity，foundedin1911，ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.建于1911年的清华大学培养出了众多杰出人物。单句语法填空①（2026·芜湖二模）Thisexperiencetaughtanimportantlesson：environmentalprotectionisa（share）duty，andeveryindividual’seffortmatters.②（2026·湖北八市二模）Bystudyingtheseburnedwoodorcharcoalrelics，theChineseandFrenchteamsadvanceresearch（connect）thetwoculturalrelicstogether.③（2026·上饶二模）WhoeverappreciatesPekingOperacanfindauniqueperspective，whileIwasparticularlyfascinatedbythebeautifulstageaccessories，whicharousedmydesire（collect）andrestorefans.④（2026·莆田四模）“GenAlphachildrenwillgrowupinaworld（drive）byAI，wheretheenvironmentisvastlydifferentfromtoday’s，”Jiadasaid.⑤（2026·湖北八市二模）Theaimistoshowcasetheoldmaterialsand（damage）woodencomponentsinawaythatservesasawarningforfuturegenerations.考点三非谓语动词作补语一、动词不定式作补语1.有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，即“动词（短语）＋宾语＋todo”，如advise、want、allow、permit、persuade、remind、invite、dependon、callon等。Fatheradvisedmetosaysomething.父亲建议我说点什么。2.常用动词不定式作主语补足语的句型有sb/sthbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendone。Heissaidtohavebeencheatedinthestreet.据说他在大街上被骗了。二、分词作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动和完成，宾语补足语与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficrunningsmoothly.（thetraffic与run之间是逻辑上的主谓关系）他们用电脑保持交通畅通。三、感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语常见的感官动词和短语（see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，feel）后面的宾语补足语有三种非谓语动词形式（do/doing/done）。do表主动和完成（被动句中还原to），doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。AsIgotcloser，Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，呼吸急促。四、使役动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语宾语补足语使役动词＋宾语tododoingdonemake＋宾语do×√keep＋宾语×√√have＋宾语do/todo（区别：havesbdosth让某人做某事；havesthtodo有某事要做，todo作后置定语）√（表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事）√（表示让别人做某事或让某事被做）get＋宾语√√√leave＋宾语√√√Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforetheplaneleft.在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。五、with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语with/without的复合结构：with/without＋名词＋doing（主动、进行）/done（被动、完成）/todo（目的、将来）。Withoutanyonenoticingme，Istoleintotheroom.没有人注意到我，我偷偷溜进了房间。单句语法填空①（2026·九江三模）Withalltheresearchandconstructionwork（progress）asscheduled，themissionoflandingChineseastronautsonthemoonby2030iswithinreach.②Shereturnedhome，onlytofindthedooropenandanumberofthings（go）.③Withalotofdifficultproblems（settle），hecan’tgethomeearly.④Notseeingorhearinganyfireengines（approach），Grantrushedtoasideentranceandranupthestairs.⑤Fubelievesitwashisscientificapproachtotrainingthatenabledhim（overcome）thosedifficultiesandreachhisdestination.考点四非谓语动词作宾语1.作动词的宾语只跟动词不定式manage设法做成offer主动提出agree同意attempt尝试choose选择；宁愿decline拒绝 determine下决心 fail未做成 prepare准备 pretend假装promise承诺 refuse拒绝 tend往往会 volunteer志愿只跟动名词consider仔细考虑miss错过practise练习advocate支持appreciate感激avoid/escape避免 admit承认 deny否认 finish完成 enjoy享受，喜欢imagine想象 include包括 involve包含 mention提到 keep（on）继续mind介意 delay/postpone推迟 advise/suggest建议 risk冒险 resist抵制，忍住既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动名词意义无区别begin/start开始like/love喜欢continue继续intend打算prefer更喜欢意义有区别stoptoremembertomeantoregretcan2.作介词的宾语：介词之后用动名词作宾语。3.it作形式宾语：动词不定式或动名词作宾语时，如果宾语后带有宾补，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置，构成v.＋it＋n./adj.＋todo/doing结构。4.“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以与疑问代词和疑问副词（why除外）等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。5.固定结构“do/have/其他动词＋sth＋but/except（to）dosth”中的动词不定式用法：要遵循“前有实义动词do，but/except后则无to，反之则有to”的原则。单句语法填空①（2026·芜湖二模）Ihadintended（ask）aclassmatetohelpthenextday，butthethoughtslippedmymind.②（2026·湖北八市二模）Theprotectionofculturalrelics，especiallyrestoration，isnotonlyaboutrenovationbutitismoreabouthow（handle）themanywoodenstructuresofthecathedral.③（2026·泰安四模）Despitethis，Chang’an：30，000Miles，asymbolofculturalrevival，provesthatChineseanimationisontherightpath，whoseachievementliesnotjustinitspopularitybutinlightingprideinChinesestories—atreasurewaiting（share）withtheworld.④（2026·莆田四模）Inhisfather’sview，theenvironmentforGenerationAlphawhodesire（pursue）theirsportingdreamshaschangedsignificantly.考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语单句语法填空①Itiswidelybelievedthat（form）agoodhabitwillbenefitusallourlives.②It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone（employ）asecurityofficer.③（listen）toloudmusicatrockconcertshascausedhearinglossamongsometeenagers.④Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel（challenge）.⑤IgotcaughtinthetrafficjamandI’mnotsurehowlongitwilltake（arrive）attheairport.⑥Whatworriedthechildmostwashis（not，allow）tovisithismotherinthehospital.Ⅰ.语法填空ALetchildrenlearn1.（judge）theirownwork.Achild2.（learn）totalkdoesnotlearnby3.（correct）allthetime.If4.（correct）toomuch，hewillstoptalking.Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenhislanguageandothers’language.Bitbybit，hemakestherightchanges5.（make）hislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway，childrenlearntodoalltheotherthings.Theylearntotalk，run，climb，rideabicyclebycomparingtheirownbehaviorswiththoseofmore6.（skill）people，andslowlymakethe7.（need）changes.Butinschool，teachersnevergiveachildachance8.（find）outhismistakesbyhimself，evenfewerchancesforhimtocorrecthimself.Theydoitallforhim.Teachersactasifthestudentwouldfail9.（notice）amistakeiftheydidnotpointitouttohim.Theyactasifthestudentwouldnevercorrectitunless10.（make）to.Soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Letthestudentdoithimself.Lethimworkout，withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit，whatthiswordmeansandwhattheansweristothatproblem.B（2025·济南三模）ForChenHonghan，astudentfromNizhuheVillageinXuanwei，Yunnan，thedangerousthree-hourmountainhiketoschoolhasbeenreplacedbyasafe30-minutejourneythankstothe“cloudschoolbus”.NizhuheVillage，situateddeepinthemountains，wasoncelinkedtoWanquanPrimarySchoolbyadangerousjourneyalongcliffside（悬崖边）1.（path）.Everyschoolday，Chenandherclassmates2.（brave）muddy，narrowroutesandmakeshiftstonestepsjust3.（reach）theirschoolhighatopthecliffs.Itwasnowonderthatthoseparents4.childrenfacedsafetyrisksonthesedailytripsremainedconstantlyworried.Thischallengingjourneychanged5.（remarkable）in2017withthelaunchofNizhuheGrandCanyoneco-tourismproject.Acliffsideliftandacablecar（缆车），