大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点

Unit1GrowingUp

DetailedReading

I.DifficultSentences

1.UntilthenI'dbeenboredbyevervthinaassociatedwithEnglishcourses.(Para.1)

Whatcanweinferfromthissentence

(Uptothen,BakerhadhadnointerestinthingsrelatedtoEnglishcourses.)

2.IhatedtheassignmentstoturnoutIona,lifelessparagraphsthatwereaaonyforteachersto

readandformetowrite.(Para.1)

Paraphrasethesentence.

(Ifounditpainfultowritelong,boringessaysasrequiredbyteachers;neitherdidteachers

enjoywhatIwrote.)

3.anothercheerlessyeafnthatmosttediousofsubjects(Para.2)

Whatcanwelearnfromthisphrase

(WecanknowfromthisphrasethatbeforeMr.FleaglebecameBaker'sEnglishteacher,all

Englishcoursesweredull.)

4.IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleaaleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.

(Para.3)

...tdoestheauthorreallymeanwhenhesays"\...wasnotdisappointed"

(Hemeansthathise_pectationwasrightthatMr.Fleagle'slessonsweredull.)

5.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntiltheni^htbeforetheessavwasdue.LyinRonthesofa,

Ifinallyfaceduptotheunwelcometask,tookthelistoutofmvnotebook,andscanredit.

(Para.3)

1)Whatcanweinferfromthesesentences

(Bakerwasunwillingtowritehisessay.)

2)Listphrasestosupportyourinference.

(didnothinguntil...theessaywasdue;faceduptotheunwelcometask.)

6.Thistitleproducedanetraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.(Para.4)

ParaphrasethesentenceandtranslateitintoChinese.

(AtthesightofthetitleIsawanunusualseriesofpicturesinmymind'seye.这个题目在我脑

海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。)

7.Vividmemoriescamefloodic^backofani^htinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaround

thesuppertable-UndeAllen,mymother.UncleCharlie,Doris,UncleHal-andAuntPat

servedspaRhettiforsupper.(Para.4)

Analyzethestructureofthesentence.

(在这个长句中，camefloodingback是谓语，其余的都是主语。为了使句子结构平衡，避

免头重脚轻，作者运用了割裂修饰法，把谓语前移，主语中心语的修饰成分后荒，使谓

语紧接主语。例如：

-Alisthasbeendrawnuoofwordswehavelearnedsofar.

-Allisnotgoldthatglitters.)

8.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghetti,andnoneoftheadultshadenougheperience

tobepoodatit.(Para.4)

WhatistherelationshipbetweenBakerandDorisWhy

(DoriswasBaker'ssisterorhisfemalecousin.Tworeasonsforthat:

-Dorisisafemalename;

-...authormentioned"noneoftheadults...”whichshowsthattheywerestillchildren,not

adults.)

9.Iwaspreparingmvself'oracommandtoreporttoMrFleaHeimmediatelyafterschoolfor

disciplinewhenIsawhimliftmvpaperfromhisdeskandknockfortheclass'sattention.(Para.

1)Paraphrasethisparto；thesentence:Iwasprepared...fordiscipline.

(IwasreadyforMr.Flewgle'sordertoseehimsoon...terschoolforthepurposeofpunishing

me...)

2)WhydidBakerthinkhewouldbepunished

(Becausetohismind,thistimehehadviolatedtherulesofformalcomposition.)

3)What'sthefunctionoftheword"when"inthesentence

(Theword"when"heredoesn'tmean“atorduringthetimethat"(当…时).Instead,itmeans

“andthen”(在那时).

Moree_amples:

-Hehadjustdriftedofftosleepwhenthebellrang.

-IwasabouttoaskafterhiswifewhenIsuddenlyrememberedthattheyweregettinga

divorce.)

10.Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.(Para.9)

TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

(就在十一年级，可谓是最后的时刻，我找到了一件今生想做的事。)

II.Words&E_pressions

offandon(oronandoff):fromtimetotime;nowandagain;irregularly

-Ithasbeenrainingonandoffforaweek.That'swhytheclothesfeeldamp.

-Asherpatientsleptsoundlyduringthenight,NurseBettywasabletodozeoffandonina

bedsidechair.

takehold:becomeestablished

-TheideaofonechildhastakenholdinmanyChinesefamilies.

-老习惯是很难摆脱的。这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。(Oldhabitsdiehard.That's

whyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.)

bore:vt.make(sb.)feeltiredandloseinterest

-Thespeakerwentonandon,andtheaudiencegrewborecbyhisspeech.

-TomSawyergrewboredwithpaintingthegardenfence,sohethoughtofawaytomakeothers

paintforhim.

Collocation:

acrashingbore讨厌至极的人/事

afrightfulbore讨厌得要命的家伙

aninsufferablebore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人

anutterbore极惹人厌烦的事

associate:vt.joinorconnecttogether;connectorbringinthemind

-我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。(WeoftenassociateEgyptwithpyramids.)

-1can'tassociatethisgentleyoungwomanwiththeradicalooliticalessaysshehaswritten.

-Jimwishedtoforgeteverythingassociatedwithhisformerlife.

turnout:

1)comeoutorgatherasforameeting,publicevent,etc.

2)provetobe

3)shutoff

4)produce;make

Matchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.

-Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.(1)

-Theschoolhasturnedoutsomegreatscholars.(4)

-Turnoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.(3)

-Theplanturnedoutafailure.(2)

-Wearetoturnout100,003,586computersne_tyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.(^)

-Thee_perimentturnedcuttobeasuccess.(2)

-Crowdsturnedoutfortheprocession.(1)

anticipate:vt.e_pect(usu.followedbygerundorthat-chuse)

-Thepolicehadanticipatedtroublefromthesoccerfansandwereatthegroundinlarge

numbers.

-他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。(TheyanticipatethatdeathsfromAIDS

willhavedoubledby2012.)

N.B.该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词，不可用不定式代替。

-Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.

-Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.

tedious:adj.boringandlastingforalongtime

-Themoviewassotediousthatmanyviewersleftbeforeitwasover.

-LaurafoundGeorgetobetediousanddecidednottoseehimanymore.

inspire:vt.fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.

-MartinLutherKing,Jr/sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatmentofAfrican

Americans.

-Thelastleafonthetreethatneverfelloffinspiredthedyingpatientwiththewilltoliveon.

Collocation:

inspiresth.insb.(=inspiresb.withsth.)使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情

rigid:adj.(oftendisapproving)fi_edinbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrules

-如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话，他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。(Ifhehad

beenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuchayoungage.)

-Therigidheadmasterwouldbuttonuphisclothesevenonthehottestdays.

severe:adj.

1)completelyplain

-Thewidowworeasevereblackdresstoherhusband'sfuneral.

-海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。(Hemingwayisknownforhisseverewritingstyle.)

2)stern;strict

-Onlythosewhohaveundergoneseveretrainingcanbeacceptedintotheairforce.

-FuLeiwassoseverewithhissonthatevenhiswifewouldcry.

3)causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.

-Theseverechestpaine_periencedbytheVice-Presidentorovedtobeaheartattack.

-工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品，才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。(Afactorymus：turn

outnewerandbetterproductstowinintheclimateofseverebusinesscompetition.）

CF:severe,stern&strict

severe作“严厉”解时，可以用来形容人（severefather严厉的父亲），人的面貌（severelook

严厉的神色），人的态度"Theteacherisseverewithhisstudents.教师对学生很严厉。）。

stern与severe相近，但用途比较窄，一般用于人的容猊或态度。例如：asternfather和a

severefather都可以用，但含义稍有不同：aseverefather指对于子女有严厉的要求，积极

的意义较多；asternfather则指对子女不含温情，要他们服从，消极的意味较多。

strict相当于汉语的“严格的”，须先假定有一种客观的标准（如规章、纪律、定义、其理

等）。例如：

-TheteacherisstrictwithHsstudents.

-Thereisastrictregulationagainstsmokingintheauditorium.

tackle:vt.dealwith

-Toshiba（东芝）recentlydesignedarobotthatcantacklealmostanykindsofhousework.

-Thequestionsetbytheteacherwassodifficultthatthepupilsdidnotknowhowtotackleit.

faceupto:bebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith（aproblemordifficulty）

-YeltsinfaceduptothefactthathewasnolongerfitfortheRussianpresidencyandresignedon

NewYear'sEve.

-既然你女儿已经诞生了，你就耍•承担起做父亲的责任。(Nowthatyourdaughterwasborn,

you'llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafathe-.)

sequence:n.connectedlineofevents,ideas,etc.

-连续的歉收(badharvest)迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助(foreignaid)。(Asequenceofbad

harvestsforcedsomeAfricancountriestoaskforforeignaid.)

-TheFalloftheRomanEmpirewaswritteninhistoricalsequence.

CF:sequence&series

sequence是指“先后衔接的次序这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生时的先后次序；

也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。例如：

-1haveapoormemoryfordatesandoftenmi_upthesequenceofevents.(我3已日期的能力彳艮

差，常把事情的先后次序弄混。)

-Yourargumentlackslogicalsequence,foryoursecondpointdoesnotfollowthefirst.(你的论据

缺乏逻辑顺序，因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。)

series是指“系列”、"组可以有先后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组的东西

一定自成一个完整的单位，例如：

-ProfessorLiwillgiveaseriesoflecturesontheMiddleEas:issue.(李教授将就中东问题做一系

列的讲座。)

-ThepostofficehasissuedaseriesofstampscommemoratingtheOlympicGames.(由「政局发彳亍

了一组纪念奥运会的邮票,)

Collocation:

insequence顺次，挨次

inrapidsequence紧接着，一个接着一个

inregularsequence按次序，有条不紊

thesequenceofevents事情的先后顺序

recall:vt.bringbacktothemind;remember（usu.followedbynoun/gerund,orthot-clause）

-1recognizethefacebutcan'trecallhername.

-1don'trecallevermeetingher.

-Sherecalledthatshehadtoseethedoctoragainthatafternoon.

CF:recall,remember&remind

这三个词都与“记忆”有关，前两个词有时可通用。

recall“想起”，把忘记的东西又想起来了，其动作包含有意识的努力，因此常与can,could

等词连用，强调一次的回忆。例如：

-TryasImight,IcouldnotrecallwhereIhadleftthebook.（我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里

了。）

-1rememberherfacebutIcannotrecallwhereImether.（我记得她的脸，但是想不起在什么地

方见过她。）

remember"想起"，用处比较广泛，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含努力或意志。例如：

-1suddenlyrememberedIhadleftthebookinthelibrary.（我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。）

如果remember表示有意识的行动，常指"记住"。例如：

-Youmustrememberthisphonenumber.（你必须记住这个电话号码。）

remind指“使某人想起"，“提醒”，宾语是人。具体用法如下：

1）接宾语；

2）接宾语+of+宾语；

3）接宾语+不定式；

4）接实话+that-clause。

例如：

1）IfIforgetit,pleaseremindme.（如果我忘了,请提醒我。）

2）Thisremindsmeoflastyear.（这使我想起去年的事。）

3）RemindmetowritetomyMom.（提醒我给妈妈写信。）

4）ThesightoftheclockremindedmethatIwaslate.（看到钟我想起自己迟到了。）

argument:n.

1）adisagreement;aquarrel

-Maryfoundthatcompromisewasalwaysthebestpolicywhenshehadanargumentwithher

husband.

2）areasongiventosupportordisprovesth.

-Therearemanyargumentsagainstsmoking.

-那位着名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。（Thefamousprofessorcanalwaysdrivehomean

argument.）

Collocation:

getintoanargument加入/卷入争论

breakoffanargument中断一场争论

terminateanargument结束一场争论

settleanargument解决一场争论

abitter/violent/heatedargument激烈的争论

putforward/offeranargument提出论点

confuteanargument驳倒一个论点

putdown:writedown

-管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。（Thehousekeeperputsdownthedailye_pensesina

littlenotebook.）

-Putdownwhatyouhear,please.

violate:vt.actagainst

-Speedingindowntownareasviolatestrafficregulations.

-Acountryisn/trespectedifitviolatesaninternationalagreement.

compose:vt.writeorcreate（music,poetry,etc.）

-Thepresident'sspeechisreallybrilliant.Doyouthinkitwascomposedbyhimselforby

someoneelse

-JohnLennoncomposedthesongBeautifulBoyforhisson.

CF:compose,consistof,comprise&constitute

这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。

compose常见于被动语态，构成becomposedof的结将，表示"由…构成"；在用于主动

语态时，一般包含着“融合为一”的意思，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如：

-Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmi_edwithwater.（混凝土由水泥、沙、石

子与水掺和而成。）

-England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.（英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构

成大不列颠岛。）

consistof意为“由…构成”，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如：

-NewYorkCityconsistsoffiveboroughs.（纽约市由五个行政区组成。）

comprise可表示"由…构成"；也可表示"构成"。例如：

-Thecommitteecomprisesmenofwidelydifferentviews.（这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组

成。）

-FiftystatescomprisetheUnitedStates.（美国由50个州组成。）

constitute的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成"的事物在属性和特征上，

亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如：

-Sevendaysconstitutesaweek.（七天构成一个星期。）

turnin:

1.handin;giveover

2.deliver（apersonorthing）tothepolice

3.giveback;return

Matchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.

-Thecriminalturnedherselfin.（2）

-Foryourfinalgrade,eachofyoumustturnina7paper.（1）

-Youmustturninyouruniformwhenyouleavethearmy.（3）

-Haveyouallturnedinyourhomeworkforlastnight（1）

command:

1.n.order

-Thecommandergavethecommandthatallprisonersofwarshouldbewelltreated.

-TherebelliousarmywouldnotobeyanycommandfromthePresident.

2.v.giveanorder（to）

-船长命令船员立刻离船（：（Thecaptaincommandedhismentoleavetheshipimmediately.）

-Ifyoucommandwisely,you'llbeobeyedcheerfully.（［谚语］指挥有方,人人乐从。）

-Heisnotfittocommandothersthatcannotcommandhimself.（［谚语］不能指挥自己就不能指

挥别人。）

NB:

像suggest,demand等动词一样，跟在command后面的that从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语用

“should+原形动词”或直接加原形动词，而不管从句中的人称或时态。例如：

-Hecommandedthatallthegates(should)beshut.

Collocation:

getcommandof控制

haveagoodcommandof能自由应用

have...atone'scommand能充分掌握…

takecommandof开始担任…指挥

under(the)commandof由…指挥；在…指挥之下

CF:command&order

command暗含“必须服从"的意思，比较正式。例如：

-Theofficercommandedhissoldierstoopenfireontheenemy.(军官命令士兵开枪射击敌人。)

order指一般的上级“命令”下级，较普通、常用。例如：

-Hewasorderedtowriteafullreportonthematter.(他奉命写一篇关于那件事的详细报告。)

what'smore:inaddition;moreimportantly

-Ms.StewartmanagesasuccessfulbusinessandgivesaweeklyTVcookingshow.What'smore,

shehasalreadypublishedthreebooksongardening.

-你怎么会爱上这个人。他整天看电视，更有甚者，他好像几个月没刷牙了!(Howcanyoulove

thismanHewatchesTValdaylong,andwhat'smore,heseemsnottohavebrushedhisteeth

formonths!)

holdback:

1)preventthee_pressionof(feelings,tears,etc.)

-Johnnycriedbitterlyintheclassroom,notevenattemptingtoholdbackthetears.

2)makesb.orsth.stopmovingforward

-Themenbuiltbanksofearthtoholdbacktherisingfloodwater.

3)preventthedevelopmentof

-Youcouldbecomeagoodmusician,butyourlackofpracticeisholdingyouback.

4)keep(sth.)secret

-把事情全告诉我,不要恺瞒任何细节。(Tellmeaboutit—don'tholdanythingback.)

avoid:vt.keeporgetawayfrom(usu.followedbynoun/gerund)

-Thelittleboywhohadbrokenaneighbor'swindowranawaytoavoidpunishment/being

punished.

-我横穿马路以便避开他：但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。(Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeeting

him,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.)

NB:

英语中有些动词或词组后而只能跟名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，如：avoid,deny,enjoy,

escape,finish,mind,mss,postpone,suggest,feellike,giveup,putoff等，我在彳吏

用中要特别注意。

CF:avoid&escape

两词均有“避”的意思。

avoid指“(有意识地)躲避”不愉快的或可能发生的危险或情况，而不是“逃避”实际的

威胁。例如：

-Hedeliberatelyavoidedseeingme.(他故意回避我。)

-Thedangercanbeavoidedifwelayourplanscarefully.(如果我们计划定得周密,危险就可以

避免。)

escape作及物动词时，表示“逃脱”，常用于抽象、借喻的情况中。例如：

-Howdidheimaginethatthingslikethatcouldescapedetection(他怎么会认为像那样的事情

可以不被发觉呢？)

-Thenamehasescapedmymemory.(我记不得那名字了。)

theeleventhhour:thelastmomentbeforesth.importanthappens

-Johnturnedinthereportattheeleventhhour.

-那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了o(Thepresident'svisitwascalledoffattheeleventh

hour.)

career:n.ajoborprofessionforwhichoneistrainedandwhichoneintendstofollowforthe

wholeofone'slife

-Myfarmerparentshavenevere_pectedmetomakenovelwritingmycareer.

-我祖父教了一辈子书，教书是他所干过的唯一的工作°(Mygrandfatherwasacareerteacher;

it'stheonlyjobhe'deverdone.)

Collocation:

carve(out)acareerforoneself闯出一番事业；谋求发迹

in(the)fullcareer开足马力地,全速地

makeacareer在事业上有所成就

put/setthesealon:makesth.definiteorcomplete

-Alast-minutegoalset/putthesealonTottenham/svictory.

-Thee_periencesetthesealontheirfriendship.

AfterReading»UsefulE_pressions

断断续续offandon

对…感到腻味beboredby...

觉得…枯燥难懂find...dullanddifficult

以…而出名haveareputationfor...

据说某人…sb.besaidtobe...

拘谨刻板，落后于时代formal,rigidandout-of-date

陆笔小品文informalessay

躺在沙发上lieonasofa

不得不面对…faceupto...

围坐在晚餐桌旁beseatedaroundthesuppertable

…重现在我脑海中