外研版英语选择性必修第一册　Unit 5　Revealing nature 教师用书

选择性必修第一册Unit5RevealingnatureⅠ.阅读单词——会意1．beakn．鸟嘴，喙(bill)2．finchn．雀科鸣禽3．tortoisen．陆龟4．goatn．山羊5．primitiveadj.原始的，低等的6．gianttortoise巨型陆龟7．mangroven．红树(一种热带树木，生于水中或水边，并从树枝上长出新根须)8．iguanan．鬣蜥(一种大型热带美洲蜥蜴)9．comb-likeadj.梳状的10．spinen．(动植物的)刺，刺毛11．mythn．(古代的)神话；虚构的故事/理论12．waspn．黄蜂13．pesticiden．杀虫剂，农药14．chillin．辣椒15．fungusn．真菌(复数fungi)16．fungaladj.真菌的17．cybercrimen．网络犯罪18．centimetren．厘米Ⅱ.拼写单词——记形1．seedn．种子，籽2．samplen．样本v．抽样检验；取样；尝，品尝；节录，选录3．ancestorn．(动物的)原种，祖先4．declinev.&n．减少；衰退；谢绝，拒绝5．blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n．责任；责备；指责6．worldwideadv.遍及全世界7．giantadj.巨大的，特大的n．(神话或想象中的)巨人；伟人8．rootn．根；起因，根源v．(使)生根，(使)扎根；起源于9．linkv．把……联系起来；连接n．联系，关联Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．distantadj.遥远的；疏远的，冷淡的；远亲的；不相似的，不同的→distancen．距离；遥远；冷淡v．拉开距离，与……疏远→distantlyadv.疏远地2．geologistn．地质学家→geologyn．地质学→geologicaladj.地质的，地质学的3．suspectv．猜想，怀疑，觉得n．嫌疑人→suspiciousadj.怀疑的，可疑的→suspicionn．怀疑；嫌疑4．detectv．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detectionn．发现→detectiven．侦探→detectorn．检测器；发现者5．generatev．产生，创造→generationn．产生，发生；代，世代，一代人6．legendn．传说，传奇(故事)→legendaryadj.传说中的；非常有名的7．characteristicn．特征，特性adj.典型的；独特的→charactern．性格；人物，角色；文字8．disgracen．丢脸，耻辱v．使丢脸；使蒙羞→disgracefuladj.不光彩的，可耻的→gracefuladj.优雅的；优美的→gracen．优美，优雅；风度，体面v．为增色；使生辉9．evolvev．进化→evolutionn．进化(论)→evolutionaryadj.进化论的，进化的积累——构词法学一法会一类前缀de-/e-1．前缀de-：(1)表示“往下”，如decline＝de-(往下)＋cline(倾斜)→减少，devalue＝de(往下)＋value(价值)→贬值。(2)表示“出，离开”，如decenter使离开中心；deport驱逐出境。(3)表示“除去，取消”，如decode解码，破译；dewater除去……的水分。2．前缀e-表示“出，出来”，如elaborate＝e(出来)＋labor(劳动)＋ate(形容词后缀)→劳动出来→精做→精工细做的。(1)Inactivitycanmakeyourjointsstiff，andthebonesmaybegintodegenerate.恶化，退化(2)Certainirrigationpracticesdegradesoilqualityandreduceagriculturalproductivity.降低，削弱(3)Aplanisthetrackthatour“humantrain”runson，withoutwhichwearecertaintoderail.脱轨(4)Thereisnodenyingthatthefiresarelikelytopermanentlydeforesttheland.毁掉(某地)的森林(5)Basedoncurrentconditions，weplantoelongatethecooperationwiththatcompanyinAustralia.拉长，使变长(6)Thissafetyinventionwillejectthepilotfromaburningplane，whichfurtherensurepilots’safety.弹出Ⅳ.背核心短语1．answerthecall响应号召2．beadisgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事3．benativeto源于……的，原产于……4．ofalltime有史以来5．inquestion正被讨论的，谈论中的6．becrowdedwith挤满，充满7．cometoexist开始存在8．adaptto适应9．avarietyof各种各样的10．intheend最后，终于11．behometo...是……的家园12．carryout执行13．tinyamountsof微量的14．drive...away赶跑；驱车离开；驾车送走15．insomeways在某些方面Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist：theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.(how引导的宾语从句)于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。2．Withuslongbelievingthattalkingplantsarefantasy，newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing：itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.(itappearsthat...)我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。3．Moresurprisingly，plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.(副词短语作状语)更令人吃惊的是，植物也用声音进行交流。4．Usingthewoodwideweb，plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.(现在分词短语作方式状语)使用植物万维网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。5．Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.(疑问词＋todo)也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出如何建造一堵“防火墙”帮助来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。体验——析真题长句知高考难度(2025•浙江1月)TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarⅡinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句；从句中inareproducibleway作方式状语，that引导定语从句，先行词为areproducibleway，that在从句中充当主语。[尝试翻译]二战后，德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制、且所需维护成本极低的方式种植大片绿地，这一理念便应运而生。Ⅰ.重点单词(每空1分，共18分)1．seedn．种子，籽2．ancestorn．(动物的)原种，祖先3．rootn．根；根源v.(使)生根，(使)扎根；起源于4．worldwideadv.遍及全世界5．blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n.责任；责备；指责6．declinev.&n．减少；衰退；谢绝，拒绝7．giantadj.巨大的，特大的n.(神话或想象中的)巨人；伟人8．linkv．把……联系起来；连接n.联系，关联9．samplen．样本v．取样；品尝；节录10．legendn．传说，传奇(故事)→legendaryadj.传说中的；非常有名的11．characteristicn．特征，特性adj.典型的；独特的→charactern．性格；人物，角色；文字12．generatev．产生，创造→generationn．产生，发生；代，世代，一代人13．evolvev．进化→evolutionn．进化(论)→evolutionaryadj.进化论的，进化的Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共12分)1．Thefamousdetectivecleverlydetectedwhostolethegoldringandthisdetectionwonhisleader’spraise.(detect)2．Thegeologists(geology)whoareexpertingeologyoftheislandbelievethatclimatechangecouldhaveanimpactonanimalevolution.3．Theboyalwaystreatshisclassmatesdistantly，sohisclassmatesoftenkeephimatadistance.(distant)4．Whenthepolicenoticedthesuspiciousbehavioroftheman，theybegantosuspecthimofcommittingthecrime，andtheirsuspiciongrewstrongerafterfindinghisfingerprintsonthebrokenwindow.(suspect)5．Whentheathletewascaughtusingbanneddrugsinthecompetition—adisgracefulact—shenotonlydisgracedherselfbutalsolostthechancetoshowhergracefulskills.(grace)Ⅲ.补全语段(句式仿写)(每题3分，共12分)1．Nothavingcompletedhisdegreeinmedicalschool(还没有完成他在医学院的学位)，CharlesDarwinansweredthecalltovisitdistantcountries.However,2.itappearedthathisfamilydidn’tsupporthisdecision(似乎他的家人都不支持他的决定)．Assoonashearrivedatthebeautifulisland，hebecameinterestedintheplantswhichwerenativetotheisland.Immediately，hedecidedon3.whattodonext(下一步要做什么)—studyingthecharacteristicsofthoseplants.Hebegantothinkabout4.howtheyevolvedfromtheirancestors(它们是如何从祖先进化而来的)，whichcontributedtohistheoryofevolution.Whenexploringdistantforests，manypeopleonceblamedsuddenplantwiltingon“badluck”，neverlinkingittohumanactivities.Butobservingcarefullyandanalyzingdata，scientistsfoundthatpollutionandover-cuttingaretherealcauses—theseactionsevendriveawayrarebirds，someofthemostpreciousspeciesofalltime.Thisremindsus:tounderstandnature，wemuststopunfairblameandbuildacloserlinkwiththeworldaroundus.distantadj.遥远的；疏远的，冷淡的；远亲的；不相似的，不同的(distancen．距离；遥远；冷淡v．拉开距离，与……疏远distantlyadv.疏远地)•bedistantfrom距……很远；与……不同•withinwalkingdistance走着就能到inthedistance在远处fromadistance从远处atadistance(of)在……远的地方；距离稍远keepone’sdistancefrom...与……保持距离；疏远……(1)(续写之情感描写)听到远处飞机的嗡嗡声，我的内心深处升起了希望。我像个快乐的孩子一样使劲挥动着手帕，一直等到飞机离我不远。Hearingaplanedroninginthedistance，Ifelthoperisingfromthebottomofmyheart.Iwavedmyhandkerchiefviolentlylikeahappychild，waitinguntiltheplanewasnotdistantfromme.(2)(续写之情感描写)虽然我和表哥住得步行就能到，但我察觉到他总是刻意和我保持距离，那种感觉就像漂浮在一片黑暗的云雾里。AlthoughIlivedwithinwalkingdistanceofmycousin，IdetectedthathealwayskepthisdistancefrommeandIfeltlikefloatinginthecloudsofdarkness.(3)(续写之场景描写)当她小心翼翼地沿着小溪走着时，一个熟悉的身影从远处朝她走了过来。Asshepickedherwaycarefullyalongthestream,afamiliarfigurecameuptoherfromadistance.blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n．责任；责备；指责•blamesbfor...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人betoblame(forsth)(对某事)负有责任；应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)•put/laytheblameforsthonsb把某事归咎于某人(1)Theexpertblamedthepollutionhereonthelargefactorylinkedtotheriver.(2)(2025•全国一，读后续写)我忍不住回忆起，当初我曾不公平地指责哥哥带托比(Toby)来“搅乱聚会”。那之后的几周里，我还一直暗自把那次尴尬的分别归咎于他。我必须承认，这段关系之所以破裂，责任其实在我。与其责怪哥哥，我不如先努力去弥合我们的关系。Icouldn’thelprecallinghowI’dunfairlyblamedmybrotherfor“spoilingthegathering”bybringingToby.Forweeks，I’dsecretlyblamedtheawkwardpartingonmybrother.IhadtoadmitthatIwastoblameforthebrokenrelationship.Insteadofblamingmybrother，Ishouldfirstworktomendourrelationship.linkv．把……联系起来；连接n．连接；关联；联系；关系•link...to/with/and...把……和……连接/联系起来linkup(with...)(与……)连接，结合belinkedto/with...和……连接；和……有关•alinkbetween...and...……和……之间的联系(1)Asubwaylinewilllinktheairportto/with/andthecitycenter，soitwillbemoreconvenientforcitizenstotravel.(2)Anewroadwouldbeneededtolinkupwiththemainroad.(3)(话题写作之传统文化)在中国文化中，红色通常与喜庆联系在一起。InChineseculture，redisusuallylinkedto/withjoyandcelebration.ofalltime有史以来attimes有时；间或atnotime在任何时候都不；决不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)atthesametime同时allthetime一直，始终innotime立刻；马上(话题写作之人物介绍)有时我会失去信心，但幸运的是，我最好的朋友一直鼓励我说：“你绝不应该半途而废。无论你何时陷入困境，我都会马上来帮助你。”同时，他常常在周末邀请我一起去健身，以缓解沉重的学习压力。在我内心深处，他是有史以来最可敬的人。AttimesIloseheart，butluckilymybestfriendencouragesmeallthetime，saying，“Atnotimeshouldyougiveuphalfway.Wheneveryouareintrouble，Iwillcometoyourassistanceinnotime.”Atthesametime，heofteninvitesmetoworkouttogethertorelieveheavystudypressureonweekends.Atthebottomofmyheart，heisthemosthonorablemanofalltime.drive...away赶跑；驱车离开；驾车送走driveoff驾车离开；击退，赶走drivesbcrazy把某人逼疯drivesbtodosth驱使某人做某事(续写之片段描写)深夜时分，三只流浪狗拦住了莉莉的去路，围着她的车打转，还发出低吼。情急之下，莉莉挥起手电筒想把狗赶走，可它们却迟迟不肯离开。它们不停的吠叫很快让她焦躁不安——偏偏她的手机还没信号。恐惧迫使莉莉做出一个大胆的举动：她抓起一把雨伞，推开车门，朝着那些狗挥了过去。就在它们四散逃跑的瞬间，莉莉驾车迅速离开了。Lateatnight，threestraydogsstoppedLily，circlinghercarandgrowling.Indesperation，shewavedaflashlighttodrivethedogsaway，buttheystayed.Theirconstantbarkssoondrovehercrazy—herphonehadnoservice.Feardrovehertodosomethingbold：shegrabbedanumbrella，openedthedoor，andswungitatthedogs.Themomenttheyfled，Lilydroveoffimmediately.现在分词短语作方式状语Usingthewoodwideweb，plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.使用植物万维网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。usingthewoodwideweb在句中作方式状语。现在分词(短语)作状语时，还可表示时间、伴随、条件、原因、结果等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列句。(1)(2025•全国一，读后续写)迎上他受伤的目光，我心里又涌起一阵强烈的愧疚感。“对不起，”我说着，递出那盒妻子做的饼干，算是一份小小的和解礼物。他迟疑了片刻，随后侧身让开，示意我进屋。Meetinghishurtgaze，Ifeltafreshwaveofguiltwashoverme.“I’msosorry，”Isaid，holdingoutthetinofbiscuitsmadebymywifeasasmallpeaceoffering.Hehesitatedforamoment，andthensteppedaside，gesturingformetocomein.(2)(续写之片段描写)她抓着粗壮的树枝借力，一步步爬上了岩石坡。意识到自己身陷险境，她用尽全身力气大声呼救。Grabbingatthicktreebranchesforsupport，sheclimbeduptherockyslopestepbystep.Realizingshewasindanger，sheyelledforhelpatthetopofherlungs.(3)(续写之心理描写)当听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼闪烁着兴奋的光芒。Whenhearingwhattheheadmastersaid，Iwaswildwithjoy，myeyessparklingwithexcitement.用法点拨现在分词(短语)作时间状语时，有时可由连词when，while，until等引出。1．Witheconomydeclining①sharply，thenumberoftouriststothetouristattractiondeclined②by10%lastyear.Buttheheadofthetouristattractiondeclined③toacceptthegovernment’shelpandattemptedtosolvetheproblemindependently.①v.衰退②v.减少③v.谢绝，拒绝2．Mydistant①cousinmovedtoadistant②landtwomonthsagoandIcouldn’tfigureoutwhyhesoundedcoldanddistant③onthephonejustnow.①adj.远亲的②adj.遥远的③adj.疏远的，冷淡的3．Theoldtree’sthickroots①remindusofitslonglife—itsroot②inthisvillagedatesbacktoacenturyago，anditfirstrooted③herebecausethesoilsuiteditwell，withitsresiliencerooted④inthecareofgenerations.①n.根②n.起源，根源③v.扎根，生根④v.起源于提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇1．It’sdisgraceful(disgrace)tocoverupyourowndefectbymeansofhurtingothers.2．Honestlyspeaking，weallsuspectedthelittleprincessofnottellingthetruthtous.3．Theinnovationinquestionhasrevolutionizedaccesstocleanwaterinremotevillages.4．Bycontrast，IlikelovelypandaswhicharenativetoChina.5．Scientistsmustcarryoutexperimentstotestwhethertheabstracttheoriescanbeappliedtoreality.6．Eachnewgeneration(generate)，evolvingwithtechinnovations，reshapestheworldbeyondtheirancestors’imagination.7．Geologistsuseadvancedsensorstodetectsubtlechangesinrocklayers，helpingthemanalyzegeologicalprocesses.(geology)8．Earlyhumanshadtoadapttoharshenvironmentalconditions，relyingonprimitivehunting-gatheringmethodstosurvive.9．Akeycharacteristic(character)ofmoderncybercrimeisitsquickcross-borderability，makingitharderforlawenforcementtotrack.10．Inthisdistrictthenumberofpeacocksisonthedecline，whichworrieslocalpeopleverymuch.Whenmyuncle，ageologist，wasyoung，heansweredthecallandvolunteeredtoworkonthatdistantisland.Myuncleworkedhardinthedaytime.Inhisfreetime，hewentonstudyingthecharacteristicsofthoseplantswhichwerenativetotheisland.Heevenhadsomesamples1.placed(place)inhisbedroom.2.Itwasjustatthattimethathebegantothinkabout3.howtheyevolvedfromtheirancestors.4.Although/Though/Whilehisstudygeneratednoincome，hewascrazyabouttheevolutionoftheplants.Heoftenusedsomeprimitive5.methods(method)tocarryouthisexperiments,6.detecting(detect)howtheseedsgrewintosometallplants.Therewasatimewhenthenumberofthoseplants7.was(be)onthedeclineandhumanactivitiesweretoblame.Hemanagedtofindouttherootcauseandcameupwithanewway8.tosolve(solve)theproblem.Later，heachievedalotinthisfield.Manypeoplehadsuspected9.his(he)talent，buthesucceeded！Hewas10.absolutely(absolute)alegend！假如你是李华，你已经研究了向日葵从种子到植株的生长过程，请根据下面的提示给你的外国笔友Bernard写一封邮件，告知其生长过程。1.你把向日葵种子埋进一盆土里，浇了些水；2.几天后，盆中长出了嫩苗，然后你把盆子放在屋里，避免阳光暴晒；3.你对于它的快速生长很是惊讶。完成句子1．我写信是想告诉你一些与向日葵生长过程有关的事情。(link；过去分词短语作定语)Iamwritingtotellyousomethinglinkedtothegrowingprocessofsunflowers.2．我买了一些向日葵种子，把它们埋进了一个有一些肥沃土壤的花盆里。(where引导的非限制性定语从句)Iboughtsomesunflowerseedsandburiedtheminabasin，wheretherewassomerichsoil.3．几天后，一些又绿又嫩的幼苗从土里长出来了，我绝不能让它们被炎热的太阳晒伤。(atnotime；倒装句)Severaldayslater，somegreenandtendershootsgrewoutofthesoilandatnotimeshouldIletthemgetburntbythehotsun.4．盆里干燥的土壤促使我再次浇水，适量的水可以保证它们的生长。(drivesbtodo)Thedrysoilinthebasindrovemetowaterthemagainandaproperamountofwatercouldguaranteetheirgrowth.5．看到那些小幼苗很快长成一些高大的植物，我完全惊呆了。(现在分词短语作状语)Seeingthoseyoungshootsgrowintosometallplantsquickly，Iwastotallyamazed.组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。参考范文DearBernard，Howiseverythinggoing？Iamwritingtotellyousomethinglinkedtothegrowingprocessofsunflowers.AtthebeginningIboughtsomesunflowerseedsandburiedtheminabasin，wheretherewassomerichsoil，andthenwateredthemabit.Severaldayslater，somegreenandtendershootsgrewoutofthesoilandatnotimeshouldIletthemgetburntbythehotsun.Asaresult，Imovedthebasinintotheroom.Thedrysoilinthebasindrovemetowaterthemagainandaproperamountofwatercouldguaranteetheirgrowth.Seeingthoseyoungshootsgrowintosometallplantsquickly，Iwastotallyamazed.Haveyouevergrownaplantyoulike？Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua语料积累动作细节描写：动“腿”词块shaky/tremblinglegs颤抖的双腿withone’slegswideapart双腿叉开tiredlegs疲惫的双腿crossone’slegs盘腿dragone’sheavylegs拖着沉重的双腿runlikethewind飞奔runaroundlikeaheadlesschicken毫无头绪地瞎忙一通句型Ipacedbackandforth，likeanantonahotpan.我踱来踱去，就像热锅上的蚂蚁。Hewalkedupanddownrestlessly，hisfacepaleandhishandsshakingslightly.他不安地走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。Exhaustedandhopeless，Iclimbedintobed，butIwasunabletofallasleep.我又累又绝望，爬上床，却无法入睡。Herushedinandhisfaceflamedwithexcitement.他冲了进来，激动得满脸通红。Withmylegswideapart，Isatonthegroundandlookedaftertheplantwithgreatcare.(with的复合结构)我双腿叉开，坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料着那株植物。Heranoutoftheroominaburstofanger.他一怒之下跑出了房间。Hestruggledtoruntowardsthefinishline，withhismouthdryandhislegstrembling.他挣扎着向终点线跑去，口干腿抖。Hesankinthesofa，crossedhislegsandrestedhischinononefist，lostindeepthought.(动作链描写)他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳头托着下巴，陷入沉思。语料运用人与植物Diagnosedwithcancer，John①draggedhisheavylegsforward.Onarrivinghome，he②sankinthesofa，crossedhislegsandrestedhischinononefist(动作链描写)，lostindeepthought.Afewminuteslater，exhaustedandhopeless，heclimbedintobed，buthewasunabletofallasleep.Thenhegotupand③walkedupanddownrestlesslyinthehouse，hisfacepaleandhishandsshakingslightly.Seeinghewaslostintheabyssofsadness，hiswifeboughthimabeautifulplant.Hesuspectedwhethertheplantcouldbringvitalityandcalmnesstotheirfamilyonthistoughoccasion，buthedidn’tdeclineit.Everyday④withhislegswideapart(with复合结构)，hesatonthegroundandlookedaftertheplantwithgreatcare.Tendingtotheplantgavehimasenseofaccomplishmentatatimewhenhefelthopeless.Graduallythedarkcloudsinhisheartvanished.约翰被诊断出患有癌症，拖着沉重的双腿向前。一回到家，他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳头托着下巴，陷入沉思。几分钟后，他又累又绝望，爬上了床，却无法入睡。然后他起来了，不安地在屋里走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。看到他沉浸在悲伤的深渊中，他的妻子给他买了一株美丽的植物。他怀疑这株植物能否在这艰难的时刻给他们的家带来生机和平静，但他没有拒绝。他每天都双腿叉开坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料那株植物。在他感到绝望的时候，照顾这株植物给了他一种成就感。他心里的乌云渐渐消失了。单元主题组合练(分值：62.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)A(2025·河北张家口二模)Ithasn’tbeenthishotonEarthsincebeforethelastIceAge.Theseheatwaves，whichseemtocontinueratherthanbeingshort-lived，poseaseriousthreattohumanlives.Globally，above356,000peoplelosetheirlivestoextremeheateachyear.Tosafeguardlives，weneedimmediaterelief，andtreescanplayacrucialrole，accordingtoexperts.Functioningasnature’sairconditioner，asingletreehasthecapacitytoreducetemperaturebyasmuchas10degreesFahrenheit.Thisseeminglysmalldecreasecanhaveagreatimpactonhumanwell-being.Forinstance，whenthetemperaturereaches95degreesFahrenheitwith100%humidity(湿度)，thehumanbody’snaturalcoolingmechanismfails，andthecoretemperaturerises，puttinglivesatrisk.Evenindrierconditions，thereisalimittohowmuchheathumanscanbear.Incities，largeamountsofroadsandbuildingsabsorbheat，creatingurbanheatislands.Treescanbalancethisbyshadingthegroundandloweringsurfacetemperatures.Moreover，extremeheat①givesrisetootherhealthrisks.Toohightemperaturesdegradeairquality，increasingground-levelozoneandparticulatepollution.Exposuretothoseconditionscanworsenchronicheartandrespiratoryhealthissues，withmorecommunitiesoflow-incomeneighborhoodsbeingaffected.However，treescanhelpmitigatethesenegativeimpacts.Researchhasshownthatchildreninareaswithmoretreeshavealowerinfectionofchildhoodasthma(哮喘)．Theworldiswarmingatan②alarmingpace.Butthissituationisnotbeyondourcontrol.Growingforestsinbothurbanandruralsettingshelpsestablishalivingbarrier，designedtokeepussafe.Itliftsnotonlytheburdenoftheheatbuttheburdenofworryforthefuture.Hopeiswoven(编织)intherootsoftrees，andbyplantingandcaringforthem，wecanbreathecleanerair.Wecansupporthealthierhomesandsavelivesineverycorneroftheplanet.WecanhelpensuretheWorld’sHottestDaydoesn’tgetanotherfollow-upchapter.Anditstartswithatree.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了极端高温对人类生命的威胁以及树木在应对高温中发挥的关键作用。1．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Aresearchpaperonclimatechange.B．Anenvironmentaladvocacyarticle.C．Anewsreportonrecentheatwaves.D．Atextbookchapteronurbanplanning.答案B解析文章出处题。根据第二段“Functioningasnature’sairconditioner，asingletreehasthecapacitytoreducetemperature...andloweringsurfacetemperatures.”以及第三段最后两句和最后一段“Theworldiswarmingatanalarmingpace...Anditstartswithatree.”可推知，本文通过分析树木对环境的重要作用，最后发出行动倡议，最有可能出自环保倡导类文章。故选B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Reduce. B．Notice.C．Increase. D．Create.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据上文“Moreover，extremeheatgivesriseto...morecommunitiesoflow-incomeneighborhoodsbeingaffected.”可知，极端高温会给健康带来负面影响，根据下文“Researchhasshown...alowerinfectionofchildhoodasthma(哮喘)．”可知，多树地区的孩子较少感染儿童哮喘。综上可知，画线词所在句是在表达树木的积极作用，即有助于减少这些负面影响，所以“mitigate”的意思是“减少，减轻”。故选A。3．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheglobalwarming?A．Pessimistic. B．Optimistic.C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.答案B解析观点态度题。根据最后一段“Theworldiswarmingatanalarmingpace.Butthissituationisnotbeyondourcontrol...WecanhelpensuretheWorld’sHottestDaydoesn’tgetanotherfollow-upchapter.Anditstartswithatree.”可知，作者认为种植树木可以应对全球变暖，所以作者对全球变暖的态度是乐观的。故选B。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheRisingThreatofExtremeHeatB．TheUrgencyofForestProtectionC．ThePowerofTreesinFightingHeatD．TheImpactofHeatonHumanHealth答案C解析标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Tosafeguardlives，weneedimmediaterelief，andtreescanplayacrucialrole，accordingtoexperts.”和下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了树木在抗击高温方面的重要作用，由此可知，选项C“树木在抗击高温方面的力量”适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。语境猜词①giveriseto引起，导致，产生②alarming(派)＝alarm＋ingadj.令人担忧的，令人恐惧的B(2026·广东模拟预测)Areasoftheglobewherefruit-eatingbirdshavewiderbeaks(喙)alsohavelargerpalmfruits，astudycurrentlypublishedinthejournalEcologyLettersshows，whichisledbytheSwissFederalInstituteforForestSnowandLandscapeResearch(WSL)．Mostpalmspeciesproducefruitsthatareeatenbybirds，whichafterwardspreadtheseeds.Birdsoftenswallowfruitswhole，andthusthewidthoftheirbeakslimitsthesizeoffruitstheycanconsume.“Typically，speciesinteractionsarestudiedlocallyorregionally—welookedatthisonaglobalscaletodiscovermorethistime，”explainsDr.IanMcFaddenfromtheWSL.Twonewly-builtdatasetsmadethisstudypossible:theAVONETdatabase，containingtrait(特征)measurementsfornearlyallbirdspeciesworldwide，andPalmTraits，acomprehensivetraitdatabaseforpalmspecies.Usingstatisticalpathmodels，theresearchersassessedhowtherelationshipbetweenbeakwidthsandfruitsizeswasaffectedbyfactorssuchasclimate，plantbiomassproduction，andspeciesrichness.Itturnedoutthatthecloserthespecieslivedtotheequator(赤道)，themorecloselybirdandfruittraitswerematched.ThispatternwasstrongestforAfrica.Thetightercouplingbetweenbirdbeaksandpalmfruitsneartheequatorwasfoundallovertheworld，althoughactualbeakandfruitsizesdifferedbetweencontinents.BirdandpalmtraitsizeswereoveralllargestinSoutheastAsia，smallestintheSoutheasternUSandmedium-sizedinSouthAmericaandAfrica.Inthemodel，climatedidnotdirectlyinfluencehowstronglybeaksandfruitswerecorrelatedbutdidhaveindirecteffectsviapalmdiversity.Studyingthe①interconnectednessoftreesandseeddispersers(传播者)providesnewinsightsintotropicalbiodiversityandcluesforsolvingspeciesconservationandforest②restorationchallenges.“Ifyouwanttorestoredegradedforests，youalsohavetotakeseed-dispersinganimalsintoaccountand，ifnecessary，reintroducethem，”McFaddensays.However，headds，“westilldon’tknowwhethertropicalrainforestsfunctioninthesamewayacrosscontinentsinregardstoseeddispersal.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了瑞士联邦森林、雪和景观研究所WSL领导的一项研究，揭示了吃水果的鸟类喙宽与棕榈果实大小在全球范围内的相关性，并探讨了这种关系对热带生物多样性保护和森林恢复的启示。5．WhatmakesthestudyconductedbyWSLdifferentfrompreviousones?A．Itsfinancialsponsor.B．Itsresearchrange.C．Itsdatamanagement.D．Itsguidingtheory.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Typically，speciesinteractionsarestudiedlocallyorregionally—welookedatthisonaglobalscaletodiscovermorethistime”可知，WSL进行的研究与之前的研究的不同之处在于研究范围。故选B。6．Whatroledidthetwodatasetsplayinthestudy?A．Toprovidebirdandpalmtraitinformation.B．Tocomparespeciesrichnessacrosscontinents.C．Toestimatetheamountsofbirdspeciesglobally.D．Toidentifythefeaturesofpalmfruitsregionally.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Twonewly-builtdatasetsmadethisstudypossible:theAVONETdatabase，containingtrait(特征)measurementsfornearlyallbirdspeciesworldwide，andPalmTraits，acomprehensivetraitdatabaseforpalmspecies.”可知，这两组数据集在这项研究中的作用是提供鸟类和棕榈树种的特征信息。故选A。7．Whatdidspecieslivingfartherfromtheequatorshowaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Theymatchedbeak-fruittraitsless.B．Theydependedonclimatehigher.C．Theyhadfasterevolutionaryadaptation.D．Theyhadconsistenttraitsizesworldwide.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Itturnedoutthatthecloserthespecieslivedtotheequator(赤道)，themorecloselybirdandfruittraitswerematched.”可推测出，生活在离赤道更远的物种，喙和果实特征匹配度较低。故选A。8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Thechallengesinanimalprotection.B．Theroleofanimalsinforestrecovery.C．Theimpactofclimateontropicalforests.D．Thedifferencesincontinentalseeddispersal.答案B解析段落大意题。根据最后一段中“Studyingtheinterconnectednessoftreesandseeddispersers(传播者)providesnewinsightsintotropicalbiodiversityandcluesforsolvingspeciesconservationandforestrestorationchallenges.‘Ifyouwanttorestoredegradedforests，youalsohavetotakeseed-dispersinganimalsintoaccountand，ifnecessary，reintroducethem，’McFaddensays.”可知，最后一段主要讲了动物在森林恢复中的作用。故选B。语境猜词①interconnectedness(派)＝inter＋connect＋ed＋nessn．关联性②restoration(派)＝restor(e)＋ationn．恢复Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Treesplayacrucialroleinurbanareasbyprovidingshadeandhelpingto①purifytheair.1Therefore，wecansayacitywithtreesisamuchmore②livableplace.Manycitiesdonothaveenoughgreeneryandthetreesthataretherearecompetingforspacewithundergroundutilities(公用事业)andpavedstreets.2That’sbecauseconstructionprojectsrequiredensecompaction(压缩)ofthesoil，whichdoesnotgivetreerootsachancetogrow.However，anIsraeli③start-upbasedinRamatGanisaimingtochangethiswithasystemthatallowstreestogrowinurbanareas.TreeTube，foundedin2019，hasdevelopedauniquepatentedsystemthatsupportstreegrowth.Thistakesintoaccounttheneedsofutilitycompaniesaswellastrees.“Youneedtohaveaspaceforelectricity，gas，water，andsoon，”TreeTubeco-founderJonathanAntebisaid.“3”Urbantreesoftendamagetheman-madeenvironmenttogivetheirrootsroomtogrow.Asaresult，morethan30percentoftreesincitieswillstopgrowingwithinthreetofiveyears，andmanydiewithintenyears.4ThisTreeTubesystemallowstreestogrowwiththeirrootsfirmlyunderground.Thetubescanbeplacedinanyplacewherethepavementhasbeenremovedforrepairsorupgrades.5Morethan1,000newtreeshavebeenplantedandaregrowingthankstoTreeTube.ThetubeshavebeenusedinIsrael，theNetherlands，andEstonia.TreeTubecanplayalargeroleinhelpingtofightglobalwarming，onetreeatatime.A．Sadly，thetreesaredisappearing.B．Therealsoneedstobeaplacefortrees.C．Plantingmoretreescanslowdownglobalwarming.D．Somecitiesdon’tneedtobuildundergroundutilities.E．That’swhythestart-updevelopedarootstructuresystem.F．Oncethetubesareinplace，it’seasyandefficienttoplanttrees.G．Infact，treescanhelpcoolacityandreducetheneedforair-conditioning.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍城市中树木的重要作用、现存问题及以色列初创公司TreeTube研发的树木根系生长系统。1．答案G解析根据上文“Treesplayacrucialroleinurbanareasbyprovidingshadeandhelpingtopurifytheair.”可知，此处列举树木的已知功能，结合下文“Therefore，wecansayacitywithtreesisamuchmorelivableplace.”可知，空处与下文为因果关系，由此可知，空处应该承接上文继续说明在城市种树的好处，G选项中的“coolacity”对应上文“providingshade”，“reducetheneedforair-conditioning”延伸了节能效益，与上文共同论证“城市有树更宜居”的结论。故选G。2．答案A解析根据上文的“Manycitiesdonothaveenoughgreeneryandthetreesthataretherearecompetingforspacewithundergroundutilities(公用事业)andpavedstreets.”可知，此处描述了城市树木的生存困境，结合下文“That’sbecauseconstructionprojectsrequiredensecompaction(压缩)ofthesoil，whichdoesnotgivetreerootsachancetogrow.”可知，空处与后一句存在因果关系，后一句表示原因，空处为不给树根生长的机会造成的结果，树根不生长，那树木就会死去、消失，A选项中的“disappearing”概括了“缺乏空间”导致的结果，“Sadly”强化了