2026年北京市人教版高中英语必修第七册第12单元课后练习题

2026年北京市人教版高中英语必修第七册第12单元课后练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit12,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainpurposeofsustainabledevelopment?A.Tomaximizeeconomicgrowthbyexploitingnaturalresourceswithoutconsideringenvironmentalimpact.B.Tobalanceeconomicdevelopment,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotectionforcurrentandfuturegenerations.C.Toreduceindustrialproductiontominimizecarbonemissions,evenifitharmseconomicprogress.D.Toencouragetechnologicalinnovationsolelyforthepurposeofimprovinglivingstandards.（解析：该题考查单元核心主题“可持续发展”的定义。选项A与单元内容矛盾，选项C过于极端，选项D忽略社会公平，只有选项B准确概括了单元中关于可持续发展的平衡性原则，涉及经济、社会、环境三方面。）2.Inthereadingmaterial,whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofrenewableenergyadoptioninDenmark?A.TocriticizeDenmark'shighenergycosts.B.Todemonstratehowsmallcountriescanleadglobalsustainabilityefforts.C.Toarguethatwindpoweristheonlyviablerenewableenergysource.D.Tohighlightthechallengesofreplacingtraditionalenergysystems.（解析：单元中丹麦案例强调国家层面的政策推动和多元能源结构，选项B最符合单元文本意图。选项A、C、D与文本主旨无关或片面。）3.Whatisthekeydifferencebetween"environmentaldegradation"and"ecologicalrestoration"asdiscussedintheunit?A.Degradationfocusesonpollution,whilerestorationemphasizesconservation.B.Degradationisalong-termprocess,butrestorationisimmediate.C.Degradationreferstohuman-causedharm,whilerestorationisnatural.D.Degradationislocalized,whereasrestorationisglobal.（解析：单元区分了人类活动导致的破坏（degradation）和生态系统的修复（restoration），选项A最准确，其他选项混淆了时间、范围或性质。）4.Accordingtotheunit'sgrammarsection,whichsentencecorrectlyusesthepassivevoicetodescribeapastevent?A.Thestudentsweregivenareporttowriteyesterday.B.Theyhavebeengivenareporttowriteyesterday.C.Areportwasgiventothestudentsyesterday.D.Thereportwasgivenbythestudentsyesterday.（解析：单元强调过去时被动语态结构“be+pastparticiple”，选项C符合“主语+be动词+过去分词”规则，其他选项存在时态或结构错误。）5.Intheunit'swritingtask,whatshouldbeincludedintheintroductionofanessayonclimatechange?A.Adetailedsolutiontoreducecarbonemissions.B.Personalopinionsaboutthecausesofclimatechange.C.Abriefbackgroundandthesisstatement.D.Alistofstatisticssupportingglobalwarming.（解析：单元写作指导要求引言部分概述背景并提出论点，选项C最符合学术写作规范，其他选项过于片面或冗余。）6.Howdoestheunit'svocabularysectiondefine"mitigate"?A.Toworsenaproblemgradually.B.Toreducetheseverityofsomethingharmful.C.Toignoretheconsequencesofanissue.D.Todelayaddressingacrisis.（解析：单元中“mitigate”意为“减轻”，选项B准确，其他选项与词义相反或无关。）7.Intheunit'sspeakingactivity,whyisitimportanttouse"will"and"begoingto"differently?A.Toconfuselistenerswithcomplexgrammar.B.Toexpresspredictionsandintentionsclearly.C.Toavoidallfuturetensesinconversations.D.Todemonstrateadvancedlanguageskills.（解析：单元区分了“will”表预测，“begoingto”表计划，选项B最符合教学目标，其他选项与单元内容无关。）8.Whatisthepurposeofthechartintheunitshowingglobaldeforestationrates?A.Topersuadereaderstobuymorepaperproducts.B.Toillustratetheimpactofhumanactivitiesonforests.C.Topromotetree-plantingcampaigns.D.Tocomparedeforestationwithpopulationgrowth.（解析：单元图表旨在展示环境问题数据，选项B最符合单元教学目的，其他选项偏离主题。）9.Accordingtotheunit'sreadingstrategy,whyshouldstudentssummarizeparagraphsintheirownwords?A.Tocopysentencesfromthetext.B.Toimprovememoryandunderstanding.C.Towritelongeressays.D.Toimpressteacherswithcomplexlanguage.（解析：单元强调总结训练的核心是“理解与内化”，选项B最符合认知目标，其他选项与教学原则矛盾。）10.Howdoestheunit'sculturalnoteexplainthedifferencebetweenWesternandEasternviewsonnature?A.Westernculturesseenatureasaresourcetoexploit.B.Easternculturesignoreenvironmentalissues.C.Bothviewsareequallyharmfultotheplanet.D.Natureisvalueddifferentlyineachregion.（解析：单元对比了东西方生态价值观差异，选项D最准确，其他选项过于绝对或片面。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theunitsuggeststhatsustainablecitiesshould______energyefficientlytoreducewaste.（参考答案：utilize；解析：单元强调城市可持续发展需“高效利用能源”，填入动词原形作谓语。）2.Accordingtothereadingpassage,deforestationcan______biodiversitybydestroyinghabitats.（参考答案：reduce；解析：单元中“reducebiodiversity”是固定搭配，表示“降低生物多样性”。）3.Thegrammarsectionexplainsthatthepassivevoiceisoftenusedwhenthe______isunknownorunimportant.（参考答案：agent；解析：单元被动语态讲解中提到“agent”常被省略，符合语法规则。）4.Towriteapersuasiveessay,theunitadvisesstudentsto______strongevidencetosupporttheirarguments.（参考答案：provide；解析：单元写作指导强调“提供证据”，动词原形作谓语。）5.Theunit'sspeakingactivityencouragesstudentsto______theiropinionspolitelyindebates.（参考答案：express；解析：单元口语练习要求“礼貌表达观点”，动词原形作谓语。）6.Accordingtothevocabularylist,"renewable"meanssomethingthatcanbe______naturallyovertime.（参考答案：replenished；解析：单元词汇中“renewableresources”对应“可补充资源”，填入过去分词作表语。）7.Theunitsuggeststhatclimatechangemay______coastalcommunitiesthroughrisingsealevels.（参考答案：threaten；解析：单元中“threatencommunities”是常见搭配，表示“威胁社区”。）8.Toimprovereadingcomprehension,theunitrecommends______noteswhilereading.（参考答案：take；解析：单元阅读策略强调“做笔记”，动词原形作谓语。）9.TheculturalnotementionsthattraditionalChinesephilosophyviewsnatureasa______tohumanwell-being.（参考答案：source；解析：单元对比东西方文化时提到“sourceofharmony”，填入名词作表语。）10.Theunit'swritingtaskasksstudentsto______aclearthesisstatementintheirintroduction.（参考答案：formulate；解析：单元写作指导要求“形成明确论点”，动词原形作谓语。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Sustainabledevelopmentonlyfocusesoneconomicgrowthwithoutconsideringenvironmentalissues.（参考答案：False；解析：单元明确可持续发展需平衡经济、社会、环境，该说法片面。）2.Theunit'sgrammarsectionteacheshowtouse"usedto"and"would"todescribepasthabits.（参考答案：True；解析：单元时态讲解包含“usedto”和“would”的用法对比。）3.Accordingtothereadingpassage,renewableenergysourcesareinfiniteandhavenoenvironmentalimpact.（参考答案：False；解析：单元承认可再生能源的局限性，如太阳能受天气影响。）4.Theunitsuggeststhatpassivevoiceisalwaysmoreformalthanactivevoiceinacademicwriting.（参考答案：False；解析：单元强调语境决定语态选择，非绝对规则。）5.Towriteanessay,theunitadvisesstudentstoincludepersonalopinionsintheconclusion.（参考答案：False；解析：单元写作指导要求结论“总结论点”，避免主观表达。）6.Theunit'sspeakingactivityfocusesonlyonfluencywithoutcorrectingpronunciationerrors.（参考答案：False；解析：单元口语练习强调“流利度与准确性并重”。）7.Accordingtothevocabularylist,"mitigate"meanstomakeaproblemworse.（参考答案：False；解析：单元定义“mitigate”为“减轻”，与题干相反。）8.Theunit'sculturalnotestatesthatWesterncultureshavenorespectfornature.（参考答案：False；解析：单元客观对比文化差异，非绝对评价。）9.Theunitsuggeststhatsummarizingparagraphsisunnecessaryforimprovingreadingskills.（参考答案：False；解析：单元强调总结训练对“理解与记忆”的作用。）10.Theunit'sgrammarsectionexplainsthat"will"and"begoingto"havenodifferenceinmeaning.（参考答案：False；解析：单元区分了“will”表预测，“begoingto”表计划。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthethreepillarsofsustainabledevelopmentasdiscussedintheunit.（参考答案：单元指出可持续发展包含经济、社会、环境三方面。经济上，发展需满足需求；社会上，保障公平正义；环境上，保护生态平衡。）2.Howdoestheunit'sreadingstrategyhelpstudentsimprovetheirunderstandingoflongtexts?（参考答案：单元建议“分段阅读、提炼主旨、联系上下文”，通过结构化方法降低理解难度。）3.Describethedifferencebetween"renewable"and"non-renewable"energysourcesintheunit.（参考答案：单元区分了“renewable”（如太阳能，可补充）和“non-renewable”（如石油，有限）能源，强调前者对可持续性的重要性。）4.Whyisitimportanttousethepassivevoiceinscientificreportsasmentionedintheunit?（参考答案：单元指出被动语态可淡化研究者身份，突出实验过程或结果，符合学术客观性要求。）5.Accordingtotheunit,whatarethebenefitsofusing"will"and"begoingto"correctlyinspeaking?（参考答案：单元强调准确表达“预测”或“计划”，避免歧义，如“will”应对不确定性，“begoingto”应对意图。）6.Howdoestheunit'svocabularysectionhelpstudentsexpandtheiracademicwordbank?（参考答案：单元提供生态、科技类核心词汇（如“mitigate”“replenish”），并配用法例，促进学术写作能力。）7.WhatisthepurposeoftheculturalnoteonEasternviewsofnatureintheunit?（参考答案：单元通过对比东西方生态价值观，帮助学生理解文化差异对环境问题认知的影响。）8.Whydoestheunitrecommendsummarizingparagraphsinyourownwords?（参考答案：单元指出总结训练能“检验理解程度”，避免机械复制，促进深度学习。）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Writeashortparagraph(50words)explaininghowcitiescanreduceenergywasteusingthepassivevoice.（参考答案：Energy-efficientbuildingsshouldbeconstructedtoreducewaste.Solarpanelsmustbeinstalledonroofs.Oldinfrastructureshouldbereplacedwithmodernsystems.Thesemeasurescansignificantlylowerenergyconsumptioninurbanareas.)2.Createadialogue(60words)betweentwostudentsdiscussingclimatechangesolutionsusing"will"and"begoingto".（参考答案：StudentA:"Governmentswillneedtoenforcestricterregulations."StudentB:"Wearegoingtoparticipateintree-plantingcampaigns."Bothagreethatindividualactionsarecrucial.)3.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Humanscausedeforestationbycuttingdowntrees."（参考答案：Deforestationiscausedbyhumanscuttingdowntrees.)4.Writeathesisstatement(30words)foranessayonsustainablecities.（参考答案：Sustainablecitiesbalanceeconomicgrowth,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotectionthroughinnovativepoliciesandcommunityengagement.)5.Completethefollowingsentencewithavocabularywordfromtheunit:"Renewableenergysourcescan______overtime."（参考答案：replenish；解析：单元词汇“replenish”符合“自然补充”语境。）6.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglishusingthecorrectfutureform:"我们明年会参加环保活动。"（参考答案：Wewillparticipateinenvironmentalactivitiesnextyear.)7.Explainin40wordswhypassivevoiceisusefulinscientificpapers.（参考答案：Passivevoiceminimizesauthorbias,focusingonexperimentsratherthanresearchers.Itenhancesobjectivityinreportingfindings.)8.Writeasummary(70