2026年浙江省人教版高二英语第10单元练习题

2026年浙江省人教版高二英语第10单元练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit10,whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthemainpurposeofsustainabledevelopment?A.Tomaximizeeconomicgrowthbyexploitingnaturalresourceswithoutconsideringenvironmentalimpact.B.Tobalanceeconomicdevelopment,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotectionforcurrentandfuturegenerations.C.Toreduceindustrialproductiontominimizecarbonemissions,evenifitharmseconomicprogress.D.Toencouragetechnologicalinnovationsolelyforthepurposeofimprovinglivingstandards.（解析：该题考查单元核心主题“可持续发展”的定义。选项A与单元内容矛盾，选项C过于极端，选项D忽略社会公平，只有选项B准确概括了单元中关于可持续发展的平衡性原则，涉及经济、社会、环境三方面。）2.Inthereadingpassage,theauthormentions"thecirculareconomymodel,"whichrefersto:A.Asystemwhereresourcesareusedonceandthendiscarded.B.Amethodofrecyclingmaterialstoreducewasteandenergyconsumption.C.Apolicythatbansallnon-renewableenergysources.D.Astrategytoincreaseproductionbyexploitingnewnaturalreserves.（解析：单元中关于“循环经济”的段落强调资源的高效利用和减少浪费，选项B符合单元内容，而选项A、C、D分别描述了线性经济、能源政策等与单元主题无关或相反的概念。）3.Thepassagediscusseshowindividualscancontributetosustainability.WhichofthefollowingactionsisNOTmentionedasasustainablepractice?A.Reducingsingle-useplasticconsumptionbyusingreusablebags.B.Drivinggasoline-poweredcarstosavetimeduringcommuting.C.Participatinginlocalcommunityclean-upevents.D.Supportingbusinessesthatadopteco-friendlypractices.（解析：单元中强调减少塑料使用、绿色出行、社区环保等个人行动，选项B与环保理念背道而驰，而选项A、C、D均符合单元内容。）4.Accordingtotheunit'sgrammarsection,whichsentencecorrectlyusesthepassivevoicetodescribeapastevent?A.Thestudentshavebeenstudiedbytheteacherforthreeyears.B.Manytreeswereplantedbythevolunteerslastweekend.C.Shewillbeinvitedtotheconferencebytheorganizersnextmonth.D.Ourhousewasbuiltin2010byus.（解析：单元语法聚焦过去时态和被动语态，选项B正确使用“wereplanted”描述过去被动的动作，其他选项存在语法错误，如A中“havebeenstudied”时态不当，C为将来时，D重复主语。）5.Theunit'svocabularysectionincludestheword"biodiversity."Whichsentencebestexplainsitsmeaning?A.Thevarietyofplantsandanimalsinaspecifichabitat.B.Theprocessofreducingcarbonemissionstoprotecttheclimate.C.Theincreaseinpopulationduetotechnologicaladvancements.D.Theefforttopreserveendangeredspeciesthroughbreedingprograms.（解析：单元中“biodiversity”的定义与生物多样性直接相关，选项A准确描述了其核心含义，其他选项涉及碳减排、人口增长等无关概念。）6.Inthewritingtask,whichofthefollowingthesisstatementsismosteffectiveforanessayonsustainablecities?A.Citiesshouldnotgrowbecausetheyharmtheenvironment.B.Sustainablecitiesareexpensivetobuildbutworththeinvestment.C.Urbansustainabilitycanbeachievedbyusingrenewableenergyandgreenspaces.D.Governmentsshouldignorecitypollutionbecauseitaffectsruralareasmore.（解析：单元写作任务要求探讨可持续城市，选项C提出具体解决方案（能源、绿化），符合单元主题，而选项A、B、D过于片面或矛盾。）7.Thepassagecomparestraditionalagriculturewithmodernsustainablefarming.Whichstatementhighlightsakeydifference?A.Traditionalfarmingusesmorechemicals,whilesustainablefarmingreliesonnaturalmethods.B.Modernfarmingproducesmorefood,butsustainablefarmingismoreexpensive.C.Bothtypesoffarmingharmbiodiversityequally.D.Sustainablefarmingrequiresnotechnology,whereastraditionalfarmingdoes.（解析：单元对比传统农业（化肥农药）与可持续农业（有机、生态），选项A准确反映核心差异，其他选项存在误导，如B忽略长期效益，C与单元内容相反，D与事实不符。）8.Theunit'sspeakingactivityinvolvesdiscussingenvironmentalproblems.WhichtopicisNOTsuitableforthistask?A.Theimpactofplasticpollutiononmarinelife.B.Thebenefitsofusingpublictransportationoverprivatecars.C.Theroleofindividualactionsinreducingglobalwarming.D.Theeconomicadvantagesofdeforestationfortimberindustries.（解析：单元口语活动聚焦环保问题，选项D支持破坏环境的行为，与单元立场矛盾，其他选项均符合单元主题。）9.Thereadingpassagementions"theParisAgreement,"whichisprimarilyabout:A.Reducingdeforestationtoprotectwildlifehabitats.B.Limitingglobalcarbonemissionstocombatclimatechange.C.Promotingrenewableenergyadoptionworldwide.D.Encouraginginternationaltradetoboosteconomies.（解析：单元涉及全球气候治理，选项B准确概括《巴黎协定》的核心目标，其他选项描述次要或无关内容。）10.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesthesecondconditionaltodescribeahypotheticalsituationintheunit'sgrammarsection?A.IfIwillstudyharder,Iwillpasstheexam.B.Ifshehadstudiedlastnight,shewouldhavepassedthetest.C.Theycangototheparkifitrainstomorrow.D.Ifwehadknownabouttheproblemearlier,wecouldsolveitnow.（解析：单元强调第二条件句（If+过去式，would+动词原形），选项B正确使用虚拟语气描述与过去事实相反的情况，其他选项时态或结构错误。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theunitemphasizesthatsustainabledevelopmentrequiresabalancebetween__________and__________.（参考答案：economicdevelopment,environmentalprotection）（解析：单元核心概念强调经济与环境的平衡，填空需对应单元主题。）2.Toreduce__________,peopleshouldusereusablebagsinsteadofsingle-useplastics.（参考答案：plasticpollution）（解析：单元中多次提及塑料污染问题，填空需具体化该问题。）3.Thereadingpassagedescribeshowcitiescanbecome__________byintegratinggreenspacesandrenewableenergy.（参考答案：sustainable）（解析：单元探讨城市可持续发展，填空需概括核心目标。）4.Theunit'sgrammarsectionexplainshowtoformthepassivevoiceusingtheverb"______________"inthepastsimpletense.（参考答案：be）（解析：单元语法聚焦被动语态，填空需填入核心助动词。）5.Biodiversityiscrucialformaintaininghealthyecosystems,anditincludesthevarietyof__________and__________inahabitat.（参考答案：plants,animals）（解析：单元定义生物多样性，填空需填入核心要素。）6.Thewritingtaskasksstudentstosuggestwaystomaketheirschool__________byimplementingeco-friendlypractices.（参考答案：greener）（解析：单元写作任务要求提出校园环保建议，填空需体现目标。）7.Theunitdiscussesthebenefitsofthe__________economy,whichfocusesonrecyclingandreusingresourcestominimizewaste.（参考答案：circular）（解析：单元核心概念之一是循环经济，填空需准确表达。）8.Toaddressclimatechange,theunitsuggestsreducing__________emissionsfromvehiclesandindustries.（参考答案：carbon）（解析：单元涉及气候治理，填空需填入关键概念。）9.Thespeakingactivityrequiresstudentstodiscusstheimportanceof__________inprotectingtheenvironment.（参考答案：individualactions）（解析：单元强调个人责任，填空需填入核心概念。）10.Theunit'svocabularysectionincludestheword"______________,"whichmeanstheprocessofprotectingendangeredspecies.（参考答案：conservation）（解析：单元词汇涉及生态保护，填空需填入专业术语。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Sustainabledevelopmentonlyfocusesoneconomicgrowthwithoutconsideringenvironmentalimpact.(×)（解析：单元明确可持续发展需平衡经济、社会、环境，该说法片面。）2.Thecirculareconomymodelpromotestheideaof"take-make-dispose"tomaximizeefficiency.(×)（解析：单元批判线性经济，循环经济强调资源循环，该说法错误。）3.Individualactions,suchasrecyclingandreducingwaste,havenosignificantimpactonglobalsustainability.(×)（解析：单元强调个人责任，该说法与单元立场矛盾。）4.Thepassivevoiceisalwaysmoreformalthantheactivevoiceinacademicwriting.(×)（解析：单元语法说明两种语态的适用场景，该说法绝对化。）5.Biodiversitylossisprimarilycausedbyurbanizationandindustrialization.(×)（解析：单元指出多种原因，该说法过于简化。）6.Sustainablecitiesshouldavoidusingrenewableenergybecauseitistooexpensive.(×)（解析：单元提倡绿色能源，该说法与单元内容相反。）7.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.(√)（解析：单元语法解释过去完成时，该说法准确。）8.Theunitsuggeststhatgovernmentsshouldnotinvestinsustainableinfrastructurebecauseitisnotprofitable.(×)（解析：单元强调长期效益，该说法与单元立场矛盾。）9.TheParisAgreementwassignedtopromotedeforestationforeconomicgain.(×)（解析：单元说明其目标是减排，该说法与事实相反。）10.Thesecondconditionalisusedtodescriberealandpossiblefuturesituations.(×)（解析：单元语法区分第二条件句（虚拟）与第一条件句（真实），该说法错误。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"sustainabledevelopment"and"economicgrowth."（参考答案：Sustainabledevelopmentbalanceseconomicprogresswithsocialequityandenvironmentalprotection,whileeconomicgrowthfocusessolelyonincreasingwealth.Theformerconsiderslong-termimpacts,whereasthelatteroftenignoresthem.)（解析：需对比单元核心概念，强调可持续发展的多维度平衡性。）2.Describeonewaycitiescanreducecarbonemissionsaccordingtotheunit.（参考答案：Citiescanreducecarbonemissionsbyexpandingpublictransportationnetworks,promotingelectricvehicles,andencouraginggreenbuildingpractices.)（解析：需结合单元案例，提出具体措施。）3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassivevoiceinacademicwriting?（参考答案：Thepassivevoiceisusedtoemphasizetheactionorobjectratherthantheactor,whichiscommoninscientificandtechnicalwriting.)（解析：需结合单元语法部分，说明其功能。）4.Whyisbiodiversityimportantforecosystemhealth?（参考答案：Biodiversityensuresecosystemresilience,providesresourcesforhumans,andmaintainsecologicalbalance.)（解析：需结合单元生态部分，解释其作用。）5.Howcanindividualscontributetosustainableagriculture?（参考答案：Bysupportinglocalorganicfarms,reducingfoodwaste,andchoosingplant-baseddiets.)（解析：需结合单元农业部分，提出个人行动。）6.Whatdoestheunitsayabouttheroleoftechnologyinsustainability?（参考答案：Technologycanhelpbyenablingrenewableenergy,efficientresourceuse,andpollutioncontrol,butitmustbeusedresponsibly.)（解析：需结合单元科技部分，辩证分析。）7.Explainthemeaningof"thecirculareconomymodel."（参考答案：Itaimstoeliminatewasteandpollutionbykeepingmaterialsinuse,designingforreuse,andrecycling.)（解析：需结合单元核心概念，解释其原则。）8.WhyistheParisAgreementsignificantforglobalclimateaction?（参考答案：Itsetsbindingtargetsforcarbonreductionandencouragesinternationalcooperationtoaddressclimatechange.)（解析：需结合单元国际合作部分，说明其意义。）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:Acityplanstobuildanewcommercialarea.Themayorsuggestsusingcheap,non-renewablematerialstosavecosts.(1)Whatsustainablealternativescouldthecityconsider?(2)Howwouldthesealternativesbenefittheenvironment?（参考答案：(1)Sustainablealternatives:Userecycledmaterials,installsolarpanels,plantgreenroofs,anddesignforrainwaterharvesting.(2)Benefits:Reducewaste,lowerenergyconsumption,improveairquality,andenhanceurbanbiodiversity.)（解析：需结合单元可持续发展原则，提出具体方案及环境效益。）2.WritingTask:Writeashortparagraph(50words)explainingwhyrecyclingisimportantforsustainability.（参考答案：Recyclingreduceslandfillwaste,conservesnaturalresources,andlowersenergyuse.Italsominimizespollutionfromextractionandmanufacturing,contributingtoahealthierplanet.)（解析：需结合单元环保部分，简洁阐述核心观点。）3.GrammarApplication:Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Theteamcompletedtheprojectlastweek."（参考答案：Theprojectwascompletedbytheteamlastweek.)（解析：需结合单元语法部分，正确转换语态。）4.VocabularyApplication:Completethesentencewiththecorrectwordfromtheunit:"Protectingendangeredspeciesiscalled__________."（参考答案：conservation）（解析：需结合单元词汇部分，填入专业术语。）5.SpeakingTask:Imagineyouareinadebate.Arguewhyindividualactionsmatterinsolvingenvironmentalproblems.（参考答案：Individualactions,likereducingwasteandconservingenergy,createcollectiveimpact.Theysettrends,pressurecorporationstochange,andinspireotherstojointheeffort.)（解析：需结合单元个人责任部分，展开论述。）6.CaseStudy:Afarmeruseschemicalfertilizers,whichpollutenearbyrivers.(1)Whatsustainablefarmingpracticescouldthefarmeradopt?(2)Howwouldthesepracticesbenefitthecommunity?（参考答案：(1)Sustainablepractices:Useorganicfertilizers,croprotation,andintegratedpestmanagement.(2)Benefits:Improvewaterquality,enhancesoilhealth,andsupportlocalbiodiversity.)（解析：需结合单元农业部分，提出解决方案及社会效益。）7.WritingTask:Writeathesisstatementforanessayon"TheRoleofTechnologyinSustainableCities."（参考答案：Technologycantransformurbanenvironmentsintosustainablehubsbyoptimizingresourceuse,reducingpollution,andimprovingqualityoflife.)（解析：需结合单元科技与城市部分，提出核心论点。）8.GrammarApplication:Correctthefollowingsentence:"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldpasstheexam."（参考答案：IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.)（解析：需结合单元语法部分，修正虚拟语气时态。）【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.B2.B3.B4.B5.A6.C7.A8.D9.B10.B二、填空题1.economicdevelopment,environmentalprotection2.plasticpollution3.sustainable4.be5.plants,animals6.greener7.circular8.carbon9.individualactions10.conservation三、判断题1.×2.×3.×4.×5.×6.×7.√8.×9.×10.×四、简答题1.Sustainabledevelopmentbalanceseconomicprogresswithsocialequityandenvironmentalprotection,whileeconomicgrowthfocusessolelyonincreasingwealth.Theformerconsiderslong-termimpacts,whereasthelatteroftenignoresthem.2.Citiescanreducecarbonemissionsbyexpandingpublictransportationnetworks,promotingelectricvehicles,andencouraginggreenbuildingpractices.3.Thepassivevoiceisusedtoemphasizetheactionorobjectratherthantheactor,whichiscommoninscientificandtechnicalwriting.4.Biodiversityensuresecosystemresilience,providesresourcesforhumans,andmaintainsecologicalb