2027届湖南长沙一中高三月考卷(一)英语试卷及答案

第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Touristattractions.B.Differenttechnologies.C.Atravelapp.2.Whatisthewoman'sreactiontothephotograph?A.Shelovesitscolors.B.Sheisunsureofitsmeaning.C.Shewantstogiveittohersonasagift.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Brotherandsister.C.Husbandandwife.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Ataclinic.C.Atasportsclub.5.Whichfactdoesthemanpresenttothewoman?A.Theoceanislessdangerousthanspace.B.Spaceishardertoexplorethantheocean.C.Thedeepseahasfewervisitorsthanspace.听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。微信公众号：天工联考听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewomansavingmoneyfor?A.Anewcar.B.Anewbed.C.Avacation.7.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Findanotherjob.B.Takeabreakfromwork.C.Workextrahourstomeetdeadlines.听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。8.Whydoesthemanfindthesystemchallenging?A.Hehastroublewithitsbookingfunction.B.Hecan'tconnectitwithothersoftware.C.Hecan'taccessitspatientrecords.9.Howwillthewomanprobablyhelptheman?A.Byfinishingsomeofhiswork.B.Byorganizinghispersonalfiles.C.ByteachinghimhowtouseanAItool.10.Whoarethespeakersprobably?A.Nurses.B.Patients.C.AIexperts.听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。11.Whydothespeakersgototheforest?A.Tohaveabreak.B.Todoresearch.C.Totakecareoftrees.12.Whatwouldthemanliketodoafterheretires?A.Buildhisownhouse.B.Movetoruralareas.C.Visitnaturalreserves.13.Howmuchmoneydoesthemanplantosaveinayear?A.$5,000.B.$3,600.C.$3,000.听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。14.Howisthewomanfeelingaboutherwork?A.Sad.B.Confident.C.Stressful.15.Whatisthemostdifficultforthewoman?A.Planninglessons.B.Teachingmanycourses.C.Managingstudents.16.Whathasthewomantriedtodo?A.Handoutmorehomework.B.Getsomestudentstohelp.C.Shortenlessontimes.17.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.LearnfromMr.Smith.B.Coveraclassfortheman.C.Prepareanopenclass.听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeakercuriousabout?A.Whetherhumanscanliveonanotherplanet.B.Whetherthereislifeonotherplanets.C.WhetherEarthwillbeheretostay.19.WhatcanwelearnaboutComet(彗星)A3?A.Thespeakerwasluckytoseeit.B.Noonealivenowwilleverseeitagain.C.ItpassedbyEarth8,000yearsago.20.Whatwillthespeakerdointhefuture?A.Visitanotherplanet.B.Designanadvancedtelescope.C.Carryonwithhisresearchwork.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。微信公众号：天工联考ATheLondonBookFair(LBF)iswheretheglobalpublishingcommunityunitestodeveloprelationships,gaininsights,anddefinethefutureofcreativecontent.Frompublishers,dealmakers,copyrightpros,commissionersandgloballicensors—theentirepublishingindustryisrepresentedatLBF.ConferenceProgrammesTheLondonBookFairhostsover100interestingandinspiringsessionseachyearincludingTheWriters’Summit,TheAcademicandProfessionalPublishingConference,andashowconferenceprogrammewhichtakesplaceacrossallthreedaysoftheevent.Comprisingtailor-madesessionsorganizedbyourcontentteam,partners,sponsorsandourcallforspeakersubmissions,eachtheatrewilladdresskeytopicswithinthepublishingindustry.Previousthemesandtopicshaveincluded:theessentialsofrightsselling,contractsandrightsdealschecklists,howtogetpublished,andhowtopitchtoagents.Discoverourconferences21.WhowouldbemostinterestedinTheLondonBookFair?A.Lawmakers.B.Speakers.C.Bookworms.D.Publishers.22.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouvisitifyouwantedtomakeyourbooksknowntomore?A.VisitB.ExhibitwithusC.SpeakD.Discoverourconferences23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthesessions?A.Tomeetexhibitorsfromallovertheworld.B.Toshareknowledgewiththepublishingcommunity.C.Tosolvethemostpressingpublishing-relatedissues.D.Tocheckrightsselling,contractsandpublishinghouses.BFornearly900daysin1941—44,Naziforcesblockaded(封锁)Leningrad,modern-dayStPetersburginRussia,tryingtostarvethecityintosubmission.Whenfoodranout,peopleatecottonhusks,leatherbeltsandeventheirpets.Nearlyathirdofthepopulation——some750,000civilians——died.Yetinthecenterofthecity,inaformerpalace,theAllUnionInstituteofPlantBreeding,theworld'sfirstseedbank,housed250,000plantsfromfivecontinents.Thiscollection,ifplanted,couldhavefed“everycitizenwithinLeningrad,andtheSovietUnion(苏联)andelsewherebesides”.Botanistsfacedadilemma:safeguardtheseedbankforthefutureoruseittosavethemselvesandothersfromstarvation?Theseedbank'sstaffchosenottoeatthecollection.Asbotanists,theygraspedthepotentialoftheseedstoengineerhigh-yieldinganddisease-resistantcropstofeedfuturegenerations.Theirsacrificewasnotwithoutconsequences:19staffstarvedtodeath.Whereastodayhugegenebanks,suchastheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultinNorway,storecopiesoftheworld'scropsincaseofdisasters,suchinitiativesusedtoseemunusual.TheplantlibrarywasthebrainchildofNikolaiVavilov,anotedbotanist.HisinternationalfamedrewtheattentionofSovietauthorities,whoarrestedhimin1940andaccusedhimoftreason(叛国罪).Vavilovdiedintheprisonin1943.TheSovietsdidnotvalueVavilov'swork,buttheNazisdid.TheythoughthiscollectioncouldbeusedtocreateGermansupercrops.Inatwist,HeinzBrücher,abotanistandseniorSSofficer(党卫军高级官员),launchedasecretmissiontoseizeVavilov'sseeds.TheNazisstolefromremoteseed-breedingstationsandestablishedarivalseedbankinanAustriancastle.AfterthewarBrücherfled,andtheseedshehadstolenwerelost.ButeffortstoprotectVavilov'scollectionwerenotinvain:overthepast70yearsseedssavedduringtheblockadehavebeenusedtocreatevarietiesofwheatthataresuperiorinqualityandyield.ThesacrificeoftheRussianbotanistshasstockedtheworld'sbreadbasket.24.WhydidtheNazistargetLeningrad?A.Toarrestbotaniststhere.B.Toforceittogivein.C.TodevelopGermansupercrops.D.Tostealtheseedsfromit.25.Whatledtothebotanists'choice?A.Therisktotheirpreciousseeds.B.Theirdevotiontoascientificcause.C.ThenecessityoffeedingallRussians.D.Theirconsiderationforcitizensthen.26.Whocameupwiththefirstseedbank?A.TheSoviets.B.TheNazis.C.HeinzBrücher.D.NikolaiVavilov.27.Whathappenedtotheseedsafterthewar?A.Theywerelosttostealing.B.Theywerestoredsecretly.C.Theyproducedbettervarieties.D.Theyendedtheshortageofcrops.CCuttingisoneofthefundamentalskillsoftheChinesekitchen,ascentraltoitastheapplicationoffireandflavour.InancientChina,cookingitselfwasknownasgepeng,‘tocutandtocook’;andeverylessonforatraineeChinesechefstillinvolvespreciseinstructionsforexactlyhoweverythingshouldbechopped.Thisispartlybecauseofthepopularityoffaststir-fryingasacookingmethod.Forastir-fry,alltheingredientsmustbecutintosmallpiecesthatneedlittlemorethanalickofheattobecooked.Ifthepiecesaretoobig,theywillremainrawinsidewhiletheiroutsidesbecomedryand‘old’(lao).Iftheyarecutunevenly,theywillallbecookedatdifferenttimes,sothefinalresultwillberoughandunsatisfactory.Andwithreallyfaststir-fryingmethodssuchasbao,whichliterallymeans‘burst’or‘explode’,thefine,evenchoppingofingredientsisevenmoreessential.Carefulcuttingisnotasuperficialmatter:itiskeytothesuccessofthefinaldish.Chopsticks,usedinChinafortwo,maybeeventhreethousandyears,maketheirowndemands.KnivesarealmostneverseenontheChinesedinnertable,sofoodmustbetenderenoughtobetorngentlyapartwithchopsticks,orotherwisecutintobite-sizedpieces.Atgrandfeasts,youmayfindwholeducks,chickensorporkknuckles,braised(men)solovinglythattheymeltawayatthetouchofachopstick,butforeverydaymeals,almosteverythingisfinelycut.Butthesearesimplythepracticalitiesofcutting.Whatareevenmorefascinatingarethebeautifulpresentationsitbrings.Skilfulcuttingaddsanextradimensiontotheenjoymentofadish.Thinkonlyofastir-fryofeel(鳝鱼)andvegetables,wherealltheingredients,differentthoughtheymaybeincolour,tasteandtexture,arecutintosimilarsnakingstrands.DelicatecuttingispartofarefinedandcivilisedculinaryculturethathasexistedinChinaforthousandsofyears.‘Knifeskills’(daogong)arestillthestartingpointforanyaspiringchef.28.Whatcanbelearnedaboutstir-fryinginChina?A.ItchangesancientChinesecookingmethods.B.Itmeanscookingoverahighheatforlong.C.Itworkswellwithprecisechoppingoffood.D.ItisthefirststeptobeatraineeChinesechef.29.Whyarechopsticksmentionedinthepassage?A.TodemonstratehowChineseusethemtoeat.B.TogiveanexampleofhowChineseusuallyeat.C.ToprovetheirroleontheChinesedinnertable.D.Torevealtheirinfluencesonthewayofcutting.30.WhatdoesaChinesechefhavetolearnabout?A.Foodandanimals.B.Cuttingandfrying.C.Cuttingandcooking.D.Presentationandnutrition.31.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThecuttingedgeB.ThecuttingboardC.ChinesecookingmethodsD.TraditionalChinesedishesAfascinatingstudyledbyresearchersatAarhusUniversityinDenmarksuggeststhattoysplayedacrucialroleinthesurvivaloftwoculturesinancientGreenland.TheresearchfocusedontheNorsesettlers,whoarrivedin985,andtheInuitpeople,whocamearound1000.Althoughbothgroupsinitiallythrived,theNorsesettlementsultimatelyfailedduringtheLittleIceAgearound1400,whiletheInuitpersisted.Thestudyexaminedtoysfrombothcultures’settlements,revealingstrikingdifferences.Norsesettlementshadjust72toys,whilesimilarInuitsitescontained2,397.Theresearcherscategorizedthesetoysintofivegroups:weapons,tools,transport,social-playitems,andskill-playobjects,whichrevealedthattheInuitchildrennotonlyhadmoretoysavailabletothem,butthatthesetoysweremorediverse.Mostimportant,theresearchersfoundthatthedifferencesinthenumberanddiversityoftoysgrewdramaticallyovertime.TheyreportintheEuropeanJournalofArchaeologythat,although8social-playtoyswerefoundamongtheNorsesettlementsand23social-playtoyswerefoundamongtheInuitsettlementsbetween1000and1200,overthenext200yearsthegapgrewto11social-playtoysfortheNorseand158social-playtoysfortheInuit.Asimilartrendheldforalltheothercategoriesoftoy.Astheyearswentby,toysassociatedwithhuntingatseabecamemorecommonamongtheInuit,buttheNorsecontinuedtogivetheirchildrenfigurinesofhorsesandbirds.Inessence,saytheresearchers,theNorsewereadaptingtheirlivestotheirnewenvironmentbutcontinuingtogiftold-fashionedtoys.ThoughthelackoftoysmayindicatethatNorsesocietywaslesscreativefromthestart,theresearchersarguethattheirtendencytogiveirrelevanttoysworsenedanyinitiallackofcreativityandultimatelysabotagedtheirsurvival.Incontrast,theInuit'spreferencefordiverseandrelevanttoyspavedthewayfortheirchildrentobemoreinnovativeandadaptive.Aparableforparentsifevertherewasone.32.WhathappenedtotheNorsesettlersinGreenland?A.Theylivedherefor400yearsalone.B.Theydidn'tsurvivetheLittleIceAge.C.TheyweredefeatedbytheInuitpeople.D.Theydidn'tgivetheirchildrenenoughtoys.33.Whichistherightdiagrambasedonthefourthparagraph?微信公众号：天工联考34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sabotaged”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Opposed.B.Threatened.C.Determined.D.Facilitated.35.Whichcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Parentscanlearnfromitwhattoystogivetotheirchildren.B.Themoretoysthechildrenhave,themoreadaptivetheywillbe.C.TheInuitpeopledidn'tprovideold-fashionedtoystotheirchildren.D.GreenlandusedtobeawastelandbeforetheNorsesettlersarrived.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theheartisthemostmisunderstoodofourorgans.Forastart,itlooksnothinglikethetraditionalsymbolassociatedwithValentine’sDayandlovers’initialscarvedintotreetrunksandthelike.36Itismorecentrallylocatedinthechestthanthat.Mostcuriousofall,perhaps,isthatwemakeittheemotionalseatofourbeing,aswhenwedeclarethatwelovesomeonewithallourheartorclaimabrokenheartwhentheyabandonus.37Theheartisawondrousorganandfullydeservingofourpraiseandgratitude,butitisnotinvestedevenslightlyinouremotionalwell-being.That'sagoodthing.Thehearthasnotimefordistractions.38Ithasjustonejobtodo,anditdoesitsupremelywell:itbeats.Slightlymorethanonceeverysecond,about100,000timesaday,asmanyas3.5billiontimesinalifetime,itrhythmicallypumpsbloodthroughyourbody—andthesearen'tgentleforces.Theyarepowerfulenoughtosendbloodspurtinguptothreemetersiftheaorta(主动脉)iscut.Withsuchacontinuousworkrate,itisamiraclethatmostheartslastaslongastheydo.39That's1,680gallonsinaday—moregallonspushedthroughyouinadaythanyouarelikelytoputinyourcarinayear.Theheartmustpumpwithenoughforcenotmerelytosendbloodtoyouroutermostextremitiesbuttohelpbringitallthewaybackagain.Ithasbeencalculatedthatduringalifetimetheheartdoesanamountofworksufficienttoliftaone-tonobject150milesintotheair.40Itjustdoesn'tcareaboutyourlovelife.A.Don'tmisunderstandme.B.Theyfocusonwhattodo.C.Itisatrulyremarkablemechanism.D.Theheartisnotreallyonepumpbuttwo.E.Itisthemostsingle-mindedthingwithinyou.F.Everyhouryourheartpumpsaround70gallonsofblood.G.Noristheheartwhereweplaceourrighthandtoshowloveofourcountry.第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Icametoknowthisuniqueindividualinaverysimpleway.Oneafternoon,inthelittletownwhereIthenlived,Iwastakingmydogforawalkwhenhebegantobehave41.Herolledcrazilyontheground,42himselfagainsteverytree,criedandgrowledconstantly.WhileIwas43whatwaswrongwithhim,Ibecame44thatsomeonewaswalkingbymyside——amanofabout30,poorlydressed.A45,Ithought,andIwasabouttoputmyhandinmypockettogethimsomechange.Butthestranger46peacefullyatmeasthoughwewereoldfriends.“He’sgotatick(蜱虫叮咬),poorchap,”hesaid,pointingtomydog.“47!We’llhaveitout.”Iwassurprised,buttherewassuchwarm48inhisgazethatItooknooffenceathisfamiliarity.I49himtoaparkbenchandsatdown.Hecalledthedogwithashrillwhistle.And,strangetosay,mydog,whowasusually50ofstrangers,respondedatonce,and,atasign,puthisheadontheman'sknee.51thedog'scoatwithlong,sensitivefingers,thestrangerfinallyutteredsatisfied“A-ha!”“Hereitis,”helaughed,52holdingsomethingintheair.“Nowrunalong,doggie.”Asthedogscurriedoff,thestranger53withanodandwalkedon.Hisdeparturewassosuddenthatitdidnot54meuntillaterthatIshouldhavegivenhimsomethingforhistroubleoratleastshouldhavethankedhim.Buttherewasthesamefinalityand55abouthisgoingashiscoming.41.A.accordinglyB.stupidlyC.badlyD.strangely42.A.defendedB.threwC.rubbedD.warned43.A.realizingB.complainingC.explainingD.wondering44.A.sureB.awareC.concernedD.satisfied45.A.beggarB.neighborC.volunteerD.doctor46.A.staredB.smiledC.pointedD.coming47.A.ComealongB.ComeoffC.ComebackD.Comedown48.A.peaceB.acceptanceC.optimismD.friendliness49.A.chasedB.ledC.followedD.walked50.A.fondB.tiredC.dismissiveD.afraid51.A.TouchingB.SearchingC.ShiningD.Loosening52.A.easilyB.sincerelyC.joyfullyD.instantly53.A.ranB.satC.roseD.thought54.A.gettoB.occurtoC.dependonD.fallon55.A.self-possessionB.self-consciousnessC.self-preservationD.self-determination阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In2001,AnnBancroftandLivArnesentraveled2,700kilometersonfootacrossAntarctica,witheach56(pull)asledcarrying100kilogramsoffoodand57(equip).Crossingthislandofextremeswasnoeasyfeat.ThetemperatureinAntarcticaisoftena(n)58(imagine)—40℃,thetemperature59whichskinandfleshfreeze[Antarcticaholdstherecordforthecoldesttemperatureever60(measure)onEarth,whichis—89.2℃.Antarcticacontainsapproximately70percentoftheworld'sfreshwatersupply,and61itisconsideredtobeoneoftheworld'slargestdeserts.That's62Antarctica'senormoussupplyoffreshwaterislockedupinicethat63(average)overtwokilometersinthickness,coveringanarearoughlythesizeoftheUnitedStates.Iftheicesheetsmelted,theseas64(rise)asmuchas60meters.However,likeallotherdesertsonEarth,Antarcticareceiveslessthan250millimetersofrainayear.It'shardtobelievethat,500millionyearsago,Antarcticahadawarmclimateand65coverofdensevegetation.根据提示，写出对应的单词。微信公众号：天工联考66.glorious→vt.赞美;颂扬;美化67.argue→n.论点,争吵,争论68.recognize→n.识别;承认;赏识69.generous→n.慷慨;大方;宽宏大量70.justice→n.不公平/不公正71.scare→adj.吓人的72.destroy→adj.毁灭性的73.consume→n.消费74.expose→n.暴露;揭露75.industry→adj.勤劳的;勤奋的第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，你校的英国友好学校计划资助你们学校的3位同学前往英国进行为期两周的文化交流活动。请你给对方写一封邮件，内容包括：微信公众号：天工联考(1)感谢对方提供机会；(2)提出你的申请以及原因/优势。注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；(2)首句话已给出；(3)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearSirorMadam,IamLiHua,astudentinyoursisterschoolinChina.……Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Atsixty-five,Ilongedforanewpurpose.OneSunday,ourpriest(牧师)suggestedIvolunteerwiththeyouthdepartment.Afterconvincingmyhusband,wejoinedtheSundayschoolyouthBibleclassandeveningevents.Itwasatimefilledwithsillygames,loudmusicandtheBiblestudy.LittledidIknowhowmuchthisgenerationgapwouldchangeme.WhenItookonthechallengeofmentoringteenagers,someofwhomlivedindifficulthomesituations,IneverexpectedI'dlearnsomethingfromthem.Iwatchedteenslearntocareaboutthehomelessandtheneedy,andIrealizedtheywillinglymadeadifferencetosomeoneelse'slife.WhenourpriestaskedifI'dliketobealeaderattheannualsummer-camptrip,Ijumpedatthechance.AsItookthefirststepupintothewaitingbus,oneoftheboysraisedhishand.“Here,Mrs.K.Letmehelpyou.Isavedaseatforyouinthefront.Itwillbeeasierforyoutogetout.”Hisbigsmilesoftenedmyheart.Ijustsaid,“Thankyou.”Fourhourslater,wearrivedatourdestination.IfoundmyselfgaspingforbreathasItrudgedupalonghilltothegirls'dorm.Thenwepreparedfortheupcomingdramatogether.Meanwhile,wehadtalksabouttheirhopesanddreams,fearsandchoices.Iprovidedthelisteningear,andanarmaroundashoulder.Ibecametheircheerleaderwhentheyneededit.Thenextmorningtheyouthhadfreetimeandsignedupforthezipline(滑索)overadeepcanyon.Iwatchedwithfascinationasourteensascendedamountainsidetoziplineacrossacanyon.Ididn'tsharewiththemhowterrifiedIamofheights.Oneofthecampleadershelpedthelastteenandthenannounced,“Anyofyouleaderswhowanttozipcangetpreparednow.”注意：(1)续写词数应为150个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。OneteenboywavedatmeandaskedifI'dliketohaveatry.OnceIsteppedontotheplatformandattachedtheclip(滑索夹)tothezipline,Isuddenlyfoundmyselfflyingthroughtheair.

题序123456789答案CBAACCBACAABBCC题序2021222324252627282930答案BABBCDBCBBDCCDC题序313233343536373839404142434445答案ABCBAGAEFCDCDBA题序46474849505152535455答案BADCDBCCBA21.D。由第二段“Frompublishers,dealmakers,copyrightpros,commissionersandgloballicensers—theentirepublishingindustryisrepresentedatLBF.”可知,选D.Publishers出版商/社。22.B。参见第二个框格里的内容“Ourexhibitionscomebackeveryyearbecauseweprovidetheperfectplatformtoengagewithcustomers,buildbrandawarenessanddobusiness.Areyoureadytobepartofit?”可知,答案为B。23.C。参见ConferenceProgrammes部分的倒数第二段“Comprisingtailor-madesessionsorganizedbyourcontentteam,partners,sponsorsandourcallforspeakersubmissions,eachtheatrewilladdresskeytopicswithinthepublishingindustry.”可选出C。24.B。参见文章第一句“Fornearly900daysin1941—44,Naziforcesblockaded(封锁)Leningrad,modern-dayStPetersburginRussia,tryingtostarvethecityintosubmission.(在1941年至1944年的近900天里,纳粹军队封锁了列宁格勒，即如今的俄罗斯圣彼得堡，试图通过饥饿迫使这座城市屈服。)”。25.B。由文章第三段中的“Theseedbank'sstaffchosenottoeatthecollection.Asbotanists,theygraspedthepotentialoftheseedstoengineerhigh-yieldinganddisease-resistantcropstofeedfuturegenerations.(种子库的员工选择不食用这些收集来的种子。作为植物学家，他们意识到这些种子有潜力培育出高产且抗病的农作物，以养活未来的几代人。)”可知，植物学家们是为了科学事业奉献了自己的生命。26.D。参见文章第四段第二句“TheplantlibrarywasthebrainchildofNikolaiVavilov,anotedbotanist.”brainchild”:anidea,organizationetc.thatsomeonehasthoughtofwithoutanyhelpfromanyoneelse(朗文)27.C。由最后一段第一句“ButeffortstoprotectVavilov’scollectionwerenotinvain:overthepast70yearsseedssavedduringtheblockadehavebeenusedtocreatevarietiesofwheatthataresuperiorinqualityandyield.(但是,保护瓦维洛夫藏品的努力并非徒劳：在过去70年中，封锁期间保存下来的种子被用来培育出质量和产量更优的小麦品种。)”可知。28.C。参见第一段第四句到第七句。译文如下：对于快炒这种方式来说，所有的食物都应该切小，(这样)只需要一些热气就能炒熟。要是切得太大块，(下锅一炒)里面还没熟，外面就又干又老了。如果切得不均匀，那熟的时间就不一样，最后的成品就比较粗糙，不尽如人意。(对于)像爆炒这种快速的操作方法，细致的切菜就更加重要。由上可知，精准的切割刀工才能让爆炒发挥其作用，故选C。29.D。参见第二段第二句“KnivesarealmostneverseenontheChinesedinnertable,sofoodmustbetenderenoughtobetorngentlyapartwithchopsticks,orotherwisecutintobite-sizedpieces.(中国人的餐桌上几乎不可能出现餐刀，所以菜品一定要足够软嫩，可以用筷子分开；不然就应该切成可以入口的大小。)”。由上可知，中国人使用筷子而不是餐刀的事实也对刀工提出了要求，故选D。30.C。综合原文第一段第二句“Inancient'China,cookingitselfwasknownasgepeng,‘tocutandtocook’;andeverylessonforatraineeChinesechefstillinvolvespreciseinstructionsforexactlyhoweverythingshouldbechopped.”和最后一段最后一句“‘Knifeskills’(daogong)arestillthestartingpointforanyaspiringchef.”可知,答案为C。31.A。主旨大意题。根据全文可知，刀工对烹饪、食用、观赏都有不可替代的作用。cuttingedge即有字面上的刀锋之意，又有内含的优势之意，一语双关，恰如其分。B“cuttingboard”是“砧板，切菜板”，与原文不符。C项烹饪的方法不是原文的重点。本文是从烹饪方式，取食工具(筷子)和审美趣味三方面来呈现刀工的重要性。32.B。由第二段前两句话“TheresearchfocusedontheNorsesettlers,whoarrivedin985,andtheInuitpeople,whocamearound1000.Althoughbothgroupsinitiallythrived,theNorsesettlementsultimatelyfailedduringtheLittleIceAgearound1400,whiletheInuitpersisted.(研究重点关注了公元985年抵达的诺斯人定居者和约公元1000年来到的因纽特人。尽管这两个群体最初都蓬勃发展，但诺斯人定居点在约1400年左右的小冰河期最终走向消亡，而因纽特人则继续生存。)”可知，答案为B。33.C。参见第四段的具体数据可知答案。译文如下：他们在《欧洲考古学杂志》中报告称，尽管在1000年至1200年间，诺斯人定居点发现8个社交玩具，而因纽特人定居点发现23个社交玩具，但在接下来的200年里，这一差距扩大到诺斯人定居点11个社交玩具和因纽特人定居点158个社交玩具。34.B。根据第二段和最后一段的第一、二句话“ThoughthelackoftoysmayindicatethatNorsesocietywaslesscreativefromthestart,theresearchersarguethattheirtendencytogiveirrelevanttoysworsenedanyinitiallackofcreativityandultimatelysabotagedtheirsurvival.Incontrast,theInuit'spreferencefordiverseandrelevanttoyspavedthewayfortheirchildrentobemoreinnovativeandadaptive.”可推测出,sabotaged相当于threatened。35.A。由原文最后一句话“Aparableforparentsifevertherewasone.[如果说有给父母的寓言(的话)这也算一个。]”可推测出答案。B、D选项原文没有提及，C选项与原文不符。36.G。承上启下。“心脏是最容易被误解的器官。首先，它的真实形状与情人节上常见的那种传统爱心符号，以及人们刻在树干上的情侣姓名首字母时使用的爱心标志完全不同。(此外，)我们在表达爱国时刻将右手放置的位置也并非心脏的真实位置；心脏在胸腔中的位置比那更靠中间。”37.A。表转折。“最令人不解的或许是，我们把心脏当作情感的寄托，无论是当我们宣称全心全意地爱一个人，还是在被抛弃时说自己心碎了。请别误解我的意思。心脏确实是一个神奇的器官，完全值得我们赞美和感激，但它实际上与我们的情感幸福毫无关系。”38.E。承上启下。“这是一件好事。心脏没有时间分心。它是你体内最专注的器官。它只有一项工作要做，而且完成得极其出色：跳动。它每秒跳动一次多一点，每天大约跳动·10，万次，在一生中可以跳动多达35亿次，有节律地搏动以推动血液在你身体中循环——而且这些可不是轻柔的力量。”39.F。“以