2026 年英语专八冲刺复习试卷及答案

2026年英语专八冲刺复习试卷及答案第1页共1页2026年英语专八冲刺复习试卷及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whichofthefollowingtensesistypicallyusedtodescribeanactionthatbeganinthepastandcontinuesuptothepresent?A.SimplePresentB.SimplePastC.PresentPerfectD.FutureContinuous参考答案：C2.Inthesentence"Thecatchasedthemouse,"whichwordisthedirectobject?A.TheB.catC.chasedD.mouse参考答案：D3.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthepluralof"child"?A.childesB.childC.childrenD.child's参考答案：C4.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepassivevoice?A.Thebookwasreadbymeyesterday.B.Ireadthebookyesterday.C.Thebookreadswell.D.Thebookisreading.参考答案：A5.Whatisthetermforawordthatdescribesanoun?A.AdverbB.VerbC.AdjectiveD.Preposition参考答案：C6.Inthesentence"Sheissingingbeautifully,"whichwordistheadverb?A.SheB.isC.singingD.beautifully参考答案：D7.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthesubjunctivemood?A.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo.B.IfIamyou,Iwillgo.C.IfIwasyou,Iwouldgo.D.IfIamyou,Iwouldgo.参考答案：A8.Whatisthecorrectwaytoformthepastparticipleof"togo"?A.wentB.goC.goneD.going参考答案：C9.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthegerund?A.Readingisfun.B.Toreadisfun.C.Readisfun.D.Readsisfun.参考答案：A10.Whatisthetermforawordthatconnectstwoclauses?A.ConjunctionB.InterjectionC.PrepositionD.Pronoun参考答案：A二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Theeconomicdownturnhasledtoasignificant______inconsumerspending.参考答案：reference2.Despitethechallenges,sheremained______determinedtoachievehergoals.参考答案：reference3.Thenovel'sprotagonistisacomplexcharacterwhooftenfindshimselfin______situations.参考答案：reference4.Thecompany'sannualreporthighlightsitsimpressive______inmarketshareoverthepastdecade.参考答案：reference5.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglish,it'sessentialtopracticespeaking______regularly.参考答案：reference6.Thehistoricaleventof1945markedtheendofWorldWarIIandthebeginningofthe______era.参考答案：reference7.Thescientist'sresearchhascontributedtoabetterunderstandingofthe______brain.参考答案：reference8.Theartist's______styleblendselementsofimpressionismandmodernism.参考答案：reference9.Thegovernmentimplementednewpoliciestostimulateeconomic______andcreatejobs.参考答案：reference10.Thenovel'ssettingisasmallcoastaltownwherethe______lifeseemstostandstill.参考答案：reference三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thepoem"TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock"iswrittenintheformofasonnet.参考答案：×2.InBritishEnglish,theword"lift"referstoanelevator,whileinAmericanEnglish,itreferstoraisingsomething.参考答案：×3.Thesubjunctivemoodiscommonlyusedtoexpresssuggestionsordemands.参考答案：√4.Thenovel"OneHundredYearsofSolitude"waswrittenbyGabrielGarcíaMárquezinSpanish.参考答案：√5.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.参考答案：√6.Theword"ambiguity"meansthequalityofbeingclearoreasilyunderstood.参考答案：×7.Intheplay"Hamlet,"Hamlet'sfamoussoliloquy"Tobe,ornottobe"expresseshisthoughtsaboutsuicide.参考答案：√8.Theterm"metaphor"referstoafigureofspeechthatdirectlycomparestwounlikethings.参考答案：×9.Theverb"tolie"meanstoreclineorrestinahorizontalposition.参考答案：×10.Thebook"PrideandPrejudice"wasfirstpublishedin1813andwaswrittenbyJaneAusten.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.WhatarethemaindifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishintermsofpronunciation,vocabulary,andspelling?参考答案：BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishdifferinpronunciation,vocabulary,andspelling.Inpronunciation,BritishEnglishhasReceivedPronunciation,whileAmericanEnglishhasGeneralAmerican.Vocabularydifferencesincludewordslike"lift"(British)vs."elevator"(American).Spellingdifferencesinclude"colour"(British)vs."color"(American).2.Howdoestheuseofmodalityinlanguagereflectthespeaker'sattitudeordegreeofcertaintyaboutastatement?参考答案：Modalityinlanguagereflectsthespeaker'sattitudeordegreeofcertaintyaboutastatement.Itisexpressedthroughmodalverbslike"can,""may,""must,"andadverbslike"probably,""perhaps."Forexample,"Youmustleavenow"expressesstrongcertainty,while"Youmightbelate"expressespossibility.3.Describetheconceptof"register"inlanguageandprovideexamplesofhowitisusedindifferentsocialcontexts.参考答案：“Register”inlanguagereferstothelevelofformalityinlanguageuse,whichvariesdependingonthesocialcontext.Formalregisterisusedinacademicorprofessionalsettings,whileinformalregisterisusedincasualconversations.Forexample,"Theexperimentwasconductedwithmeticulousattentiontodetail"(formal)vs."Wedidareallygoodjobontheexperiment"(informal).4.Explaintheroleofcohesionandcoherenceineffectivewriting,andgiveexamplesofdevicesthatcontributetothesequalities.参考答案：Cohesionandcoherenceareessentialforeffectivewriting.Cohesionreferstotheuseoflinguisticdeviceslikeconjunctions,pronouns,andreferencestocreateasmoothflowofideas.Coherencereferstothelogicalconnectionbetweenideas,makingthetexteasytofollow.Devicesthatcontributetocohesionandcoherenceincludetransitionwords,parallelstructures,andrepetition.Forexample,"First,thedatawascollected.Second,itwasanalyzed.Finally,theresultswereinterpreted."5.WhatisthedifferencebetweenagerundandaparticipleinEnglishgrammar,andhowaretheyusedinsentences?参考答案：Agerundisaverbformendingin"-ing"thatfunctionsasanoun,whileaparticipleisaverbformendingin"-ing"or"-ed"thatfunctionsasanadjectiveorpartofaverbphrase.Forexample,"Swimmingisfun"(gerund)vs."Theswimmingpoolisbig"(participle).6.Discusstheimportanceofculturalawarenessinlanguagelearningandhowitcanimpactcommunicationeffectiveness.参考答案：Culturalawarenessinlanguagelearningiscrucialasithelpslearnersunderstandandrespectdifferentculturalnorms,whichenhancescommunicationeffectiveness.Forexample,directnessincommunicationisvaluedinsomecultures,whileindirectnessispreferredinothers.Beingculturallyawarehelpsavoidmisunderstandingsandpromoteseffectivecommunication.7.Howdoesthestructureofasentenceaffectitsmeaning,andprovideanexampletoillustratethispoint.参考答案：Thestructureofasentenceaffectsitsmeaning.Forexample,"Thecatchasedthemouse"(activevoice)conveysadifferentmeaningfrom"Themousewaschasedbythecat"(passivevoice).Theactivevoiceemphasizestheactor,whilethepassivevoiceemphasizestheactionortherecipient.8.WhatarethekeyfeaturesoftheEnglishlanguagethatmakeitagloballinguafranca,andhowhasitsevolutioncontributedtoitswidespreaduse?参考答案：TheEnglishlanguageisagloballinguafrancaduetoitswidespreaduseininternationalbusiness,science,andtechnology.Itsevolutionhascontributedtoitswidespreadusebyincorporatingwordsfromotherlanguagesandadaptingtodifferentculturalcontexts.Forexample,"internet"and"computer"aretermsthatoriginatedfromotherlanguagesbutarenowwidelyusedinEnglish.五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）Thelocalcommunitygardenhasbeenathrivinghubofgreenactivityforoveradecade.Itstartedasasmallinitiativebyagroupofenvironmentalenthusiastswhowantedtocreateagreenspaceintheheartoftheurbanarea.Overtheyears,ithasgrownintoaplacewherepeopleofallagesandbackgroundscometogethertogarden,learn,andsocialize.Thegardenfeaturesavarietyofsections,includingvegetablebeds,flowergardens,andasmallorchard.Italsohasacommunitygreenhousewherememberscanexperimentwithdifferentplantsandtechniques.Thegardenholdsregularworkshopsandevents,suchascompostingclasses,seedexchanges,andseasonalfestivals.Volunteersarealwayswelcome,andthecommunitygardenhasbecomeacornerstoneoflocalsustainabilityefforts,providingfreshproduce,promotingenvironmentalawareness,andfosteringasenseofcommunityamongresidents.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelocalcommunitygarden?A.ToprovideaspaceforprofessionalathletestotrainB.ToserveasacommercialfarmforsellingproduceC.TocreateagreenareaforenvironmentaleducationandcommunityengagementD.Tohostweddingsandotherspecialevents参考答案：C2.Howhasthecommunitygardenevolvedovertime?A.IthasremainedthesamesizeandfocusB.IthasexpandedtoincludemoresectionsandactivitiesC.IthasmovedtoadifferentlocationD.Ithasbeenconvertedintoapublicpark参考答案：B3.Whattypesofactivitiesareofferedatthecommunitygarden?A.OnlygardeningactivitiesB.Workshops,events,andsocialgatheringsC.OnlycommercialfarmingactivitiesD.Competitivesportsevents参考答案：B4.Whoiswelcometoparticipateinthecommunitygarden?A.OnlylocalgovernmentofficialsB.OnlymembersofaspecificagegroupC.VolunteersofallagesandbackgroundsD.Onlypaidsubscribers参考答案：C5.Whatisthesignificanceofthecommunitygreenhouse?A.ItisusedforgrowingonlydecorativeplantsB.ItisaplaceformemberstoexperimentwithnewplantsandtechniquesC.ItisacommercialgreenhouseforsellingplantsD.Itisusedforgrowingonlyvegetables参考答案：B6.Whatdoesthecommunitygardencontributetothelocalarea?A.ItincreasespropertyvaluessignificantlyB.Itprovidesfreshproduce,promotesenvironmentalawareness,andfosterscommunityC.ItisasourceofpollutionandwasteD.Itisprimarilyatouristattraction参考答案：B7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaingoalofthecommunitygarden?A.TomaximizeprofitthroughcommercialactivitiesB.TocreateasustainableandeducationalenvironmentforthecommunityC.ToprovideaspaceforpoliticalmeetingsD.Toserveasastoragefacilityforagriculturalequipment参考答案：B8.Thepassagesuggeststhatthecommunitygardenhasbecomeacornerstoneoflocalsustainabilityefforts.Whatdoesthismean?A.ItisthemostprofitablebusinessintheareaB.Itisacentralandessentialpartofthecommunity'senvironmentalandsocialinitiativesC.ItisthelargestgardenintheregionD.Itistheprimarysourceoffundingforlocalenvironmentalprojects参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：C解析：PresentPerfecttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatbeganinthepastandcontinueuptothepresent.Forexample,"Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears."OptionA,SimplePresent,isusedforhabitualactions.OptionB,SimplePast,isusedforactionsthatarecompletedinthepast.OptionD,FutureContinuous,isusedforactionsthatwillcontinueinthefuture.2.参考答案：D解析：Inthesentence"Thecatchasedthemouse,""mouse"isthedirectobjectbecauseitisthenounthatreceivestheactionoftheverb"chased."OptionA,"The,"isanarticle.OptionB,"cat,"isthesubject.OptionC,"chased,"istheverb.3.参考答案：C解析：Thepluralformof"child"is"children."OptionA,"childes,"isincorrect.OptionB,"child,"isthesingularform.OptionD,"child's,"isthepossessiveform.4.参考答案：A解析：Thesentence"Thebookwasreadbymeyesterday"isinthepassivevoicebecausethesubject"Thebook"receivestheactionoftheverb"wasread."OptionB,"Ireadthebookyesterday,"isintheactivevoice.OptionC,"Thebookreadswell,"isincorrectgrammar.OptionD,"Thebookisreading,"isincorrectgrammar.5.参考答案：C解析：Anadjectiveisawordthatdescribesanoun.Forexample,"Theredcarisfast."OptionA,"Adverb,"describesaverb,adjective,orotheradverb.OptionB,"Verb,"isawordthatexpressesanactionorstateofbeing.OptionD,"Preposition,"showstherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandotherwordsinthesentence.6.参考答案：D解析：Inthesentence"Sheissingingbeautifully,""beautifully"istheadverbbecauseitdescribestheverb"singing."OptionA,"She,"isthesubject.OptionB,"is,"isthelinkingverb.OptionC,"singing,"isthepresentparticiple.7.参考答案：A解析：Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpresshypotheticalorcontrary-to-factsituations.Forexample,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo."OptionB,"IfIamyou,Iwillgo,"isintheindicativemood.OptionC,"IfIwasyou,Iwouldgo,"isincorrect.OptionD,"IfIamyou,Iwouldgo,"isincorrect.8.参考答案：C解析：Thepastparticipleof"togo"is"gone."OptionA,"went,"isthepasttense.OptionB,"go,"isthebaseform.OptionD,"going,"isthepresentparticiple.9.参考答案：A解析：Agerundisaverbformthatendsin"-ing"andfunctionsasanoun.Forexample,"Readingisfun."OptionB,"Toreadisfun,"usestheinfinitive.OptionC,"Readisfun,"isincorrectgrammar.OptionD,"Readsisfun,"isincorrectgrammar.10.参考答案：A解析：Aconjunctionisawordthatconnectstwoclauses.Forexample,"Sheistired,andsheneedstorest."OptionB,"Interjection,"isawordthatexpressesemotion.OptionC,"Preposition,"showstherelationshipbetweenanounorpronounandotherwordsinthesentence.OptionD,"Pronoun,"isawordthatreplacesanoun.二、填空题1.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，表示经济衰退导致消费者支出显著减少。根据句意和常识，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“reduction”、“decrease”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。2.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个形容词，修饰“determined”。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“determinedly”、“determination”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。3.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，表示主人公经常发现自己处于什么样的情况。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“situations”、“circumstances”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。4.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，表示公司在市场份额上的显著增长。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“increase”、“growth”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。5.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，表示为了提高英语水平，需要定期练习什么。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“practice”、“exercises”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。6.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，表示1945年的历史事件标志着二战的结束和什么时代的开始。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“era”、“period”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。7.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，表示科学家的研究有助于更好地理解大脑。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“brain”、“nervous”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。8.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个形容词，修饰“style”。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“style”、“artistic”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。9.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个名词，表示政府实施新政策以刺激经济和创造就业。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“growth”、“development”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。10.reference：解析：空格处需要填入一个形容词，修饰“life”。根据句意，这里应该填入“reference”，意为“参考”。其他选项如“life”、“lifestyle”等虽然意思相近，但“reference”更符合句子的语法和语义结构。三、判断题1.参考答案：×解析：Thepoem"TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock"byT.S.Eliotisnotwrittenintheformofasonnet.Itisamodernistpoemthatusesfreeverseanddoesnotfollowthetraditionalstructureofasonnet.2.参考答案：×解析：InbothBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish,theword"lift"canrefertoanelevator.InBritishEnglish,"lift"isthecommontermforanelevator,whileinAmericanEnglish,"elevator"ismorecommonlyused.Theword"lift"canalsomeantoraisesomethinginbothdialects.3.参考答案：√解析：Thesubjunctivemoodisindeedcommonlyusedtoexpresssuggestions,demands,wishes,orhypotheticalsituations.Forexample,inthesentence"Isuggestthathebepresent,"thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpressasuggestion.4.参考答案：√解析：Thenovel"OneHundredYearsofSolitude"waswrittenbyGabrielGarcíaMárquezinSpanish.ThenovelisalandmarkworkofLatinAmericanliteratureandisconsideredoneofthemostimportantworksofthe20thcentury.5.参考答案：√解析：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.Forexample,inthesentence"BythetimeIarrived,thetrainhadalreadyleft,"thepastperfecttenseisusedtoindicatethatthetrainhadleftbeforethearrival.6.参考答案：×解析：Theword"ambiguity"meansthequalityofbeingunclearoropentomorethanoneinterpretation.Itdoesnotmeanbeingclearoreasilyunderstood.Forexample,"Theambiguityofthesentencemadeitdifficulttounderstand."7.参考答案：√解析：Intheplay"Hamlet"byWilliamShakespeare,Hamlet'sfamoussoliloquy"Tobe,ornottobe"expresseshisthoughtsaboutsuicide.Thesoliloquyisaprofoundreflectiononthenatureofexistenceandthefearoftheunknown.8.参考答案：×解析：Theterm"metaphor"referstoafigureofspeechthatindirectlycomparestwounlikethingsbystatingonethingisanother.Forexample,"Theworldisastage"isametaphorthatcomparestheworldtoastage.9.参考答案：×解析：Theverb"tolie"meanstoreclineorrestinahorizontalpositionwhenusedinthesenseofphysicalpositioning.However,itcanalsomeantotellanuntruth,whichisadifferentmeaningentirely.Forexample,"Heliesonthecouch"meansheisresting,while"Heliesabouthisactions"meansheislying.10.参考答案：√解析：Thebook"PrideandPrejudice"wasfirstpublishedin1813andwaswrittenbyJaneAusten.ItisoneofAusten'smostfamousworksandisconsideredaclassicofEnglishliterature.四、简答题1.参考答案：BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishdifferinpronunciation,vocabulary,andspelling.Inpronunciation,BritishEnglishhasReceivedPronunciation,whileAmericanEnglishhasGeneralAmerican.Vocabularydifferencesincludewordslike"lift"(British)vs."elevator"(American).Spellingdifferencesinclude"colour"(British)vs."color"(American).解析：本题考查英式英语和美式英语的差异。英式英语和美式英语在发音、词汇和拼写方面存在显著差异。在发音方面，英式英语以ReceivedPronunciation（标准英音）为代表，而美式英语以GeneralAmerican（通用美音）为代表。词汇差异体现在一些常用词上，例如“电梯”在英国英语中称为“lift”，而在美式英语中称为“elevator”。拼写差异则表现在一些单词的拼写上，例如“颜色”在英国英语中拼写为“colour”，而在美式英语中拼写为“color”。这些差异反映了两种英语在不同文化背景下的演变和特点。2.参考答案：Modalityinlanguagereflectsthespeaker'sattitudeordegreeofcertaintyaboutastatement.Itisexpressedthroughmodalverbslike"can,""may,""must,"andadverbslike"probably,""perhaps."Forexample,"Youmustleavenow"expressesstrongcertainty,while"Youmightbelate"expressespossibility.解析：本题考查语气在语言中的作用。语气通过情态动词（如“can”、“may”、“must”）和副词（如“probably”、“perhaps”）来表达，反映了说话者对陈述的态度或确定性程度。例如，“Youmustleavenow”表达了强烈的确定性，而“Youmightbelate”则表达了可能性。语气在语言交流中起着重要作用，能够帮助听话者理解说话者的意图和态度。3.参考答案：“Register”inlanguagereferstothelevelofformalityinlanguageuse,whichvariesdependingonthesocialcontext.Formalregisterisusedinacademicorprofessionalsettings,whileinformalregisterisusedincasualconversations.Forexample,"Theexperimentwasconductedwithmeticulousattentiontodetail"(formal)vs."Wedidareallygoodjobontheexperiment"(informal).解析：本题考查语言中的“语域”概念。语域是指语言使用的正式程度，它根据社会环境的不同而变化。正式语域用于学术或专业场合，而非正式语域用于休闲对话。例如，“Theexperimentwasconductedwithmeticulousattentiontodetail”（正式）与“Wedidareallygoodjobontheexperiment”（非正式）展示了不同语域的使用方式。语域在语言交流中起着重要作用，能够帮助说话者适应不同的社交环境。4.参考答案：Cohesionandcoherenceareessentialforeffectivewriting.Cohesionreferstotheuseoflinguisticdeviceslikeconjunctions,pronouns,andreferencestocreateasmoothflowofideas.Coherencereferstothelogicalconnectionbetweenideas,makingthetexteasytofollow.Devicesthatcontributetocohesionandcoherenceincludetransitionwords,parallelstructures,andrepetition.Forexample,"First,thedatawascollected.Second,itwasanalyzed.Finally,theresultswereinterpreted."解析：本题考查写作中的衔接和连贯性。衔接和连贯性对于有效的写作至关重要。衔接是指使用连词、代词和参照等语言手段来创建流畅的思想流。连贯性是指思想之间的逻辑联系，使文本易于理解。有助于衔接和连贯性的手段包括过渡词、平行结构和重复。例如，“First,thedatawascollected.Second,itwasanalyzed.Finally,theresultswereinterpreted.”（首先，收集了数据。其次，进行了分析。最后，解释了结果。）这段文字通过过渡词和逻辑顺序展示了衔接和连贯性的重要性。5.参考答案：Agerundisaverbformendingin"-ing"thatfunctionsasanoun,whileaparticipleisaverbformendingin"-ing"or"-ed"thatfunctionsasanadjectiveorpartofaverbphrase.Forexample,"Swimmingisfun"(gerund)vs."Theswimmingpoolisbig"(participle).解析：本题考查动名词和分词的区别。动名词是动词的一种形式，以“-ing”结尾，在句子中起名词的作用；而分词是动词的一种形式，以“-ing”或“-ed”结尾，在句子中起形容词或动词短语的一部分的作用。例如，“Swimmingisfun”（游泳很有趣）（动名词）与“Theswimmingpoolisbig”（游泳池很大）（分词）展示了动名词和分词在句子中的不同用法。6.参考答案：Culturalawarenessinlanguagelearningiscrucialasithelpslearnersunderstandandrespectdifferentculturalnorms,whichenhancescommunicationeffectiveness.Forexample,directnessincommunicationisvaluedinsomecultures,whileindirectnessispreferredinothers.Beingculturallyawarehelpsavoidmisunderstandingsandpromoteseffectivecommunication.解析：本题考查文化意识在语言学习中的重要性。文化意识在语言学习中至关重要，因为它帮助学习者理解和尊重不同的文化规范，从而提高沟通效果。例如，在某些文化中，直接沟通被重视，而在其他文化中，间接沟通更受欢迎。具有文化意识有助于避免误解，促进有效的沟通。7.参考答案：Thestructureofasentenceaffectsitsmeaning.Forexample,"Thecatchasedthemouse"(activevoice)conveysadifferentmeaningfrom"Themousewaschasedbythecat"(passivevoice).Theactivevoiceemphasizestheactor,whilethepassivevoiceemphasizestheactionortherecipient.解析：本题考查句子结构对意义的影响。例如，“Thecatchasedthemouse”（猫追老鼠）（主动语态）与“Themousewaschasedbythecat”（老鼠被猫追）（被动语态）传达了不同的意义。主动语态强调执行者，而被动语态强调动作或接受者。句子结构的不同可以改变句子的重点和意义。8.参考答案：TheEnglishlanguageisagloballinguafrancaduetoitswidespreaduseininternationalbusiness,science,andtechnology.Itsevolutionhascontributedtoitswidespreadusebyincorporatingwordsfromotherlanguagesandadaptingtodifferentculturalcontexts.Forexample,"internet"and"computer"aretermsthatoriginatedfromotherlanguagesbutarenowwidelyusedinEnglish.解析：本题考查英语作为全球通用语的特点及其演变