2025~2026学年辽宁大连市度第二学期期末考试高一英语试卷

2025~2026学年辽宁大连市度第二学期期末考试高一英语试卷一、阅读理解Designingandperformingtheatricalproductionsleavesanotableenvironmentalfootprint.Here’sabreakdownoftheenergyconsumptionandwastegenerationin2023acrossdifferentstagesofatypicalplay’sproductioncycle.Makingtheatermoresustainableisn’tjustaboutcuttingenergyuse—it’salsoaboutreimaginingproductionsupplies.Whilenouniversal“eco-theater”solutionexists,arangeofgreenalternativesareemerging.

SETMATERIALS

Reclaimedwoodandmodularprops(模块化道具).Sourcedfromrecycledconstructionwasteorreusableparts,theycutdownonpost-showsetwaste.COSTUMES

Upcycledclothing.Repurposedfromsecondhandstoresoroldfabrics,theyavoidtheenvironmentalcostofmanufacturingnewcostumesandlowertextilewaste.LIGHTING

LEDstagelights.Using75%lessenergythantraditionalstagelightsandlastinglonger,theyreducebothenergyconsumptionandreplacementwaste.PROPS

Biodegradable(可生物降解的)accessories.Madefrommaterialslikepaper,bamboo,ornaturalfibers,theydecomposeeasilyafteruse,avoidinglong-termlandfillpollution.Thisshifttowardsustainabletheaterisglobal,andtheextentoftransformationis“unlikeanythingwe’veseenbefore,”saysLiamCarter,arenownedtheaterdirector.It’sestimatedthatthenumberofannualtheatricalperformancesworldwidewillincreaseby40%by2040,puttingevenmorepressureonresources.However,expertsbelievethatcircularproductionmodelsandmaterialinnovationcandrivemeaningfulprogress,keepingpacewiththesweepingtrendofenergyconservationandemissionreduction.“Thefutureoftheaterisrestorativeandregenerativebydesign,”saysCarter.1.Whichstagecausedthemostenergyandwastein2023?

A．Setdesignandconstruction.B．Lightingandsoundoperations.C．Costumemaintenanceandstorage.D．Transportationofpropsandcostumes.2.Whatdothefouralternativeshaveincommon?

A．Theyrequirenewenergy.B．Theyuserecycledmaterials.C．Theyavoidlong-termpollution.D．Theytargetfewerenvironmentalimpacts.3.WhatdoesCarterstressregardingthefutureoftheater?

A．Sustainableandrenewable.B．Wastefulandlimited.C．Traditionalandproductive.D．Profitableandpopular.Avisittoasupermarketoffersvariousfreshproduce,fromvegetablestoberriesandfruits.Shopperscaneasilypickstrawberriesorapples.Forfarmers,however,thechoiceisfarharder.Theymustdecidewhattogrowwhileworryingaboutwatersupplyandwhethertheycanmakemoney—orevenbreakeven.Farmingisfullofuncertainties,accordingtomathematicianEstelleBasor.Farmersfaceunpredictableweather,harmfulpests,andtheeconomicruleofsupplyanddemand.Forinstance,overplantingstrawberriescanlowerprices,leavingfarmersunabletocovergrowingcosts.BasorgrewupinCalifornia’sPajaroValley,akeyagriculturalregion.Asamathematician,sheledateamtohelpfarmerschoosecropsandsavewater.Californiasupplies80percentofAmerica’sfreshstrawberries,butfrequentdroughtandover-pumpinghaveseverelyloweredundergroundwaterlevels.Farmerspumpwaterfasterthanraincanrefillit,forcingthemtoconsiderlessthirstycrops.Theteamcollecteddataonwateruse,pricesandmarketdemand.Usingcomputerprograms,theyfoundthebestcropmix:maximumprofitwithminimalwater.Thismethod,calledmathematicaloptimization,wastestedona100-acrefarm.Resultsshowedraspberries,needinglesswater,weremoreprofitablethanstrawberries.Theycooperatewithlocalgrowerstogatherrealdataoncropsales.SuchfieldinformationimprovestheirmodelsoitbalanceswateruseandmarketneedforfruitsgrowninPajaroValley.Themodelhasreceivedpositivefeedbackfromlocalfarmers.Itaimstohelpfarmersnationwidedealwithwatershortages.ThankstoBasor’sefforts,scienceisofferingapracticalwayforfarmerstobalancewateruseandincome.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“breakeven”inparagraph1mean?

A．Wingreatfame.B．Avoidlosingmoney.C．Keepcropquality.D．Increasecropsales.5.WhatchallengedoCaliforniafarmersface?

A．Fierceforeignmarketcompetition.B．Decliningcustomers’demand.C．Insufficientwatersupplyforcrops.D．Shallowundergroundwater.6.Howdidtheteamhelplocalfarmers?

A．Bymonitoringrainfallconditions.B．Byofferingadviceonchoosingcrops.C．Byraisingcroppricesforfarmers.D．Byteachingdailywater-savingskills.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Newmethodforstrawberryplanting.B．Drought’simpactonlocalagriculture.C．Balancingwaterandprofitwithmath.D．Approachestoraisingfarmers’income.Everyyear,over14milliontonsofplasticwasteendupintheworld’soceans,accordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgramme.Thiswastekillsmillionsofmarineanimalseachyear,pollutesfragilecoastalecosystems,andbreaksdownintomicroplasticsthatenterthefoodchainandreachthehumanbody.Mostofthisplasticcomesfromsingle-usepackaging,designedfordaysofusebutabletopersistinoceansforhundredsofyears.Now,scientistsandstartupsworldwideareturningtoanunlikelysolutiontothisglobalcrisis:fungi.Attheheartofthisinnovationismycelium(菌丝体),theroot-likestructureoffungi.Madeoftinythread-likefilaments,myceliumgrowsbyfeedingonorganicmatter,bindingintoastrong,flexible,fullybiodegradablematerial.Tomakefungalpackaging,manufacturersuseagriculturalwaste(wheatstraw,ricehusks,sawdust)asagrowthmedium,mixitwithmyceliumspores,placeitintomolds,andletitgrowinacontrolledenvironmentfor5-7days.Itisthenheat-treatedtostopgrowth,formingalightweight,durablepackagingmadewithoutharmfulchemicals,hightemperaturesormassiveenergyinput.Unlikeplasticthatneverfullybreaksdown,fungalpackagingis100%biodegradable.Itdecomposesinsoilin30days,andmostimportantly,fullybreaksdowninseawaterwithin3-6months,leavingnomicroplasticsortoxicresidues.Thismakesitanidealreplacementforplasticpackagingusedtotransportseafood,cosmeticsandelectronics,majorcontributorstomarineplasticpollution.Majorcompaniesworldwideareadoptingthetechnology.ADutchstartupFungiPackusesitforseafoodshipping,whileChinesefirmMycoGreenproducesitforelectronics,reportinga70%reductionincarbonemissionscomparedtoplasticproduction.Itstillfaceschallenges:highercostthanmass-producedplastic,andpoorwaterresistance.Butwithongoingoptimization,itwillsoonbecomeaviablealternativetomostocean-boundplastic.“Plasticwasamiracleinvention,butweforgottodesignmaterialsfortheendoftheirlife,”saysDr.JaneZhao,aTsinghuaUniversitymaterialsscientist.“Myceliumworkswithnature,notagainstit.That’sthefutureofsustainablepackaging.”8.Whatisthebiggestadvantageoffungalpackagingovertraditionalplastic?

A．Itischeapertomass-produce.B．Itcanbereusedmanytimes.C．Itcanfullydegradeinseawater.D．Ithasalongerservicelifeinwetareas.9.Whatcanweinferabouttheproductionoffungalpackaging?

A．Ithasalowercarbonfootprintthanplastic.B．Itdependsonhigh-qualityfarmland.C．Itrequiresalotoffreshwaterandheat.D．Itismorecomplexthanplasticproduction.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“viable”inparagraph4probablymean?

A．Rareandvaluable.B．Cheapandabundant.C．Complexandadvanced.D．Practicalandfunctional.11.WhatisDr.Zhao’sattitudetowardsmyceliumpackagingtechnology?

A．Neutral.B．Doubtful.C．Critical.D．Optimistic.Fordecades,artificialintelligencehasbeendesignedtobeconfident.Fromchess-playingcomputerstomedicaldiagnosistools,AIsystemsaretrainedtoproduceasingle,definitiveanswer.ButanewwaveofresearchsuggeststhatthemostreliableAImayactuallybetheonethatlearnstohesitate.ScientistsatStanfordUniversityhavedevelopedaframeworkcalled“Uncertainty-AwareAI”(UAI),whichallowsmachinelearningmodelstoexpresswhentheyareunsure.Insteadofprovidingasingleprediction,UAIoutputsaconfidencescorealongwithmultiplepossibleexplanations.Iftheconfidencefallsbelowathreshold,thesystemflagsthequeryforhumanreview.Inarecenttrialinvolvingradiology(放射学),UAIwastestedagainstconventionalAIsystems.WhenanalyzingchestX-rays,theconventionalAImadeaconfidentbutincorrectdiagnosisin11%ofambiguouscases.UAI,bycontrast,correctlyidentified94%ofthoseambiguouscasesas“uncertain”andpassedthemtohumanradiologists,reducingdiagnosticerrorsbynearly40%.“Thetraditionalapproachtreatsuncertaintyasaweakness,”explainsleadresearcherDr.JamesChen.“Butinhigh-stakesfieldslikemedicineorautonomousdriving,overconfidencecanbedangerous.TeachingAItorecognizeitslimitsisn’tjustsafer—itactuallymakesthesystemmoretrustworthy.”Theimplicationsextendbeyondhealthcare.Inautonomousvehicles,forinstance,aUAIsystemcouldsignalwhenroadconditionsaretoocomplexforsafeself-driving,forcingahandovertothehumandriver.Infinancialtrading,itcouldflagvolatile(不稳定的)marketconditionsthatexceeditspredictivemodel.Despitethepromise,challengesremain.UAIrequiressignificantlymorecomputationalpowerandextensivetrainingdatatocalibrateuncertaintyaccurately.Moreover,integratingsuchsystemsintoexistingworkflowsdemandsnewprotocols(规程)forwhen—andhow—humansshouldstepin.Nevertheless,theshifttoward“humbleAI”marksaphilosophicaldeparturefromdecadesofAIdevelopment.AsDr.Chenputsit,“ThesmartestAIisn’ttheonethatalwaysknowstheanswer.It’stheonethatknowswhenitdoesn’t.”12.HowisUAIdifferentfromconventionalAI?

A．Itisonlyusedinmedicine.B．Itavoidsmakingpredictions.C．Itcanexpressitsuncertainty.D．Itrequireslesscomputingpower.13.WhatdidtheradiologytrialshowaboutUAI?

A．Itoutperformshumandoctors.B．Itreduceserrorsinuncertaincases.C．Itistooslowforpracticaluse.D．Itfailsinstraightforwardcases.14.Whydoestheauthormentionautonomousvehicles?

A．Tocomparetheircomplexity.B．ToshowUAI’swideapplications.C．ToargueagainstusingAIthere.D．TohighlightUAI’slimitations.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．TheFutureofMedicalAIB．TeachingAItoExpressUncertaintyC．WhyOverconfidenceHarmsAID．Uncertainty:ANewAIChallengeManypeopleviewsetbacksasroadblocksthatstoptheirprogress,butinreality,theycanbepowerfulfuelforgrowth.Ifyouoftenfeelstuckafterasetbackandstruggletomoveforward,it’stimetoexamineyourmindsetandhabits.16Youavoidreflectingonthelessons.Setbackscarryhiddenlessons,butalotofpeoplerushtomoveonwithoutpausingtolearn.17Nonetheless,doyoutaketimetoanalyzewhatwentwrongandwhatyoucoulddodifferently?Ifnot,you’relikelytorepeatthesamemistakesandmissthechancetogrowstronger.Youletself-doubttakeover.It’snaturaltofeeluncertainafterafailure,especiallywhenothersquestionyourabilities.Forexample,youspentweekspreparingforapresentation,butitdidn’tgoasplanned.You’vetoldyourselfbeforethatyou’recapableofgrowth,butafterthisfailure,youstarttobelieveyou’renotgoodenough.18Yourconfidencefades,butyoudon’tfightagainstthesenegativethoughts.Yougiveuptooeasily.Withoutadoubt,perseveranceisvaluable.19Yetgivingupatthefirstsignofdifficultyrobsyouofthechancetobuildresilience(抗逆力).Doyouabandongoalswhenyouhitasmallbarrier?Is“Ican’tdothis”yourautomaticresponse?Thishabitkeepsyoustuckinfailure,ratherthanlettingyouuseitasasteppingstone.20Thisisasubtlebutharmfulhabit.Ifyoucompareyourprogresstoothers’highlights,you’lldiscountyourowngrowthandlosemotivation.Yourstrugglesareasignyou’repushingyourself,notasignofweakness.Youruniquepathmatters.

A．Youcompareyourprogresstoothers’.B．Youcelebrateothers’achievementsopenly.C．Youknowthatpushingthroughhardshipistherightpath.D．Chancesarethatyouknowyoushouldreflectafterafailure.E．Insteadofquestioningthesebeliefs,youacceptthemastruth.F．Butyoucanusethefollowingfourwaystoturnsetbacksintomotivation.G．Beawareofthetrapsthatmaykeepyoufromturningsetbacksintomotivation.二、完形填空AndrewDuhewantedtochoosea21gifttocelebratehiswifeJennifer’s40thbirthday,andjewelryandflowerswouldn’tjust22.Thecouple,whoserveintheNavyandraisethreekids,spendeveryweekendvolunteeringatChesapeakeAnimalServices,wheretheyhave23dozensofanimalsovertheyear.Duringoneoftheirvisits,aperfectidea24Andrew.Duetothelimited25ofthedogkennel(狗舍)for40dogs,hemadea(n)26topaythe$110adoptionfeesforeverysingleone.Thoughitwouldcost$4400intotal,27treatmentandvaccines(疫苗),AndrewbelievedtheactofkindnesswouldmeanfarmoretoJenniferthananystore-boughtgift.Havingrecentlylosttheirbeloveddog,Sierra,Andrewhopedthis28wouldliftherspirits,asshehadalwaysdreamedoftheshelterdogsfindingaforeverhome.Eventually,thebigdayarrived.Andrewgatheredtheirchildrentohelp29thesurprise.First,theygaveJennifera30mug(马克杯)honoringSierra,followedbyabirthdaycardwithaheartfeltletter.“Iam31touchedwhenreadingthenote”,recalledJennifer.KaseyGallardo,organizerfromtheshelter,wasequallyshocked,sayingnoonehadevershownsuch32before.33Andrew’sgift,thesheltercouldfreeupspacetorescuemoredogs.Jennifercalleditthemost34andmeaningfulgiftshehadeverreceived.Ittruly35thebestgiftsarenotexpensiveones,butthosethatcomefromtheheart.21.A．preciousB．complicatedC．generousD．reliable22.A．leaveitB．makeitC．putitD．getit23.A．admiredB．enhancedC．encounteredD．extended24.A．struckB．defeatedC．conductedD．stuck25.A．reliefB．capacityC．demandD．quantity26.A．assistanceB．intensityC．permissionD．resolution27.A．concerningB．followingC．composingD．including28.A．signalB．gestureC．signD．objective29.A．representB．relateC．distinguishD．present30.A．well-meantB．newly-madeC．custom-tailoredD．mass-produced31.A．ultimatelyB．incrediblyC．electricallyD．potentially32.A．generosityB．reputationC．eleganceD．morality33.A．AccordingtoB．InspiteofC．ThankstoD．Regardlessof34.A．formalB．ordinaryC．thoughtfulD．expensive35.A．demonstratesB．figuresC．measuresD．evaluates三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。SomethingextraordinaryishappeninginsidesteamerbasketsinJiaodong,Shandongprovince.Alumpofdough(一团面)goesin.36comesoutisashinyredfish,anauspiciouslionorapeachthesizeofachild’sface.TheseareJiaodonghuabobo,orflower-shapedsteamedbuns,quietly37(serve)upatasteofShandonglifeforcenturies.Everystepofmakinghuaboborequiresgreatcareandpatience.Themainmethodishandsculpting,usingsimpletools38scissors,chopsticksandspoons.Patternsonhuabobofollowcustoms39(pass)downthroughgenerations.Themostimportantpartisthesteamingprocess,whichlocksintheflavor40ensuresthebunsstaysoftandfluffy.Thoughthetraditionsarelong-standing,theoldcraftundergoes41(continue)developmenttofitinwithmodernlife.Traditionally,huaboboarethestorytellerforShandong’sritualsandmanyfamilyoccasions.Whenababyisonemonthold,tiger-shapedbuns42(give)tothechildasagoodblessingforhealthygrowth.Fortheelderlycelebratingtheirbirthdays,peach-shapedbunsare43mustasasymboloflongevityandgoodhealth.Inrecentyears,thebuns44(gain)popularityonsocialmedia,attractingcustomersathomeandabroad.Thecharmofhuaboboliesintheperfectmixoftradition,creativityandthewarmthoffamilylove.Itisthis45(combine)thatkeepsthecultureofJiaodongaliveineverydeliciousbite.四、书信写作46.假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为“ArtisAroundus”的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：1.解读主题；2.举例说明。注意：(1)写作词数应为80左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ArtisAroundusArtexistseverywherearoundus.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AfiercehurricanestruckthecoastalcitywheremyauntlivedwhenIwasnine.Thewindhowledwildly,tearingroofsoffhousesanduprootingtrees.Heavyrainkeptpouringdownforhours,resultinginseverefloodingandhugelosses.Althoughourcitywasnotdirectlyhit,thestrongwindandheavyrainmadeussharetheirsufferings.Unluckily,othernearbycities,however,sufferedfarmorefromthedisaster.OneofmymostvividmemorieswaswhenIwatchedtheeveningnewswithmyfamily.Areporterwasbroadcastingfromalocalstadium,whichservedasatemporaryshelterforhurricanesurvivors.Thousandsofhomelesspeoplecrowdedaroundhim.Mostweredressedintornandmuddyclothes,andworsestill,manyhadtowalkbarefoot.Exhaustedandheartbroken,somerestedonextremelysimplebeds,whileotherscouldonlylieonthecoldhardfloor,theirfacesfullofsorrow,tirednessandhopelessness.Theimpactofthehurrica