2025年考研英语二真题及答案

2025年考研英语二真题及答案一、SectionIUseofEnglish（每题0.5分，共10分）Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.Therelationbetweenlanguageandthoughthasfascinatedphilosophersandlinguistsforcenturies.Doesthelanguagewespeakshapethewaywethink?Thisquestion,knownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,suggeststhatlanguagedoesnotmerelyexpressourthoughtsbutactually1them.Whenwelearnalanguage,weacquirenotonlyasetofwordsbutalsoaparticularwayof2reality.Forinstance,speakersoflanguagesthatusecardinaldirections,suchas"north"and"south",insteadofrelativeones,like"left"and"right",havearemarkably3senseoforientationeveninunfamiliarenvironments.ResearchhasdemonstratedthattheycanstayorientedinawaythatmostEnglishspeakersfind4.However,theideathatlanguage5thoughthasbeenfiercelydebated.Criticsarguethatthoughtcanexistwithoutlanguage,pointingtotherichmentallivesofpre-verbalinfantsandnon-humananimals.Theysaylanguageisatoolforcommunication,nota6forthought.Yetrecentstudiesusingbrain-imagingtechniqueshaveshownthatwhenpeopleperformtasks7reasoning,areasofthebrainassociatedwithlanguagebecomeactive.Thissuggeststhateven8formsofthoughtmayrelyonlanguagetosomedegree.Amorenuancedviewisthatlanguageinfluencesthought9thandeterminesit.Itcan10certaincognitiveabilitieswhileleavingothersuntouched.Forexample,learningtospeakanewlanguagecanchangethewayyouperceivecoloursorrememberfaces.Inanexperiment,speakersofalanguagethathasseparatewordsfor"lightblue"and"darkblue"werefasterandmoreaccurateat11betweenthetwoshadesthanspeakersofalanguagethatusesonewordforboth.Thisdidnotmeantheycouldnotseethedifference,onlythattheirperceptionwas12bythecategoriesoftheirlanguage.Suchfindingshaveimportant13foreducationandartificialintelligence.Iflanguageshapesthought,thenthedeclineofminoritylanguagesdoesnotjust14alossofculturalheritage;italsoextinguishesauniquewayofunderstandingtheworld.InAI,ifamachineistrainedonalimitedlanguagedataset,its"understanding"oftheworldwillbeequally15.Thedebateisfarfromover.Butonethingisclear:languageisnotatransparentmediumthroughwhichourthoughtspass16.Itisanactiveforcethat17theverystructureofourmind.AsthephilosopherLudwigWittgensteinwrote,"Thelimitsofmylanguagemeanthelimitsofmyworld."Toexpandourlanguageisto18ourworld.Whetherwearelearninganancienttongueoraprogramminglanguage,wearenotjustacquiringaskill;weare19anewwayofbeing.Andinaglobalizedworld,theabilityto20betweendifferentlinguisticworldviewsmaybeoneofthemostvaluableskillswecancultivate.A.shapeB.translateC.transmitD.conceal答案：A解析：此处意为语言不只是表达思想，还"塑造"思想。shape在此处与上文“languagedoesnotmerelyexpressourthoughts”形成递进关系，最为贴切。translate是"翻译"，transmit是"传递"，conceal是"隐藏"。A.changingB.ignoringC.organizingD.accepting答案：C解析：学习一门语言意味着习得一种特定的"组织"现实的方式。organizing符合语言建构范畴体系的含义。其他选项与"语言与思维"主题无关。A.poorB.weakC.acuteD.vague答案：C解析：使用绝对方向的语言的人具有非常"敏锐的"方向感。acute强调敏锐、灵敏，符合语境。poor和weak与句中的remarkably相矛盾，vague意为模糊。A.extraordinaryB.confusingC.commonD.useful答案：A解析：大多数以英语为母语的人会发现他们的这种能力"非同寻常"。extraordinary与前文remarkably呼应。confusing在逻辑上不通——英语使用者可能会惊讶，而非困惑于这种能力本身。A.limitsB.determinesC.expandsD.reflects答案：B解析：此段承接上句，说明批评者反对的是"语言决定思维"这一强假设。determines对应上文提到的"Sapir-Whorfhypothesis"中的强版本。A.substituteB.requirementC.barrierD.vehicle答案：B解析：批评者认为语言是交流的工具，而非思维的"必要条件"。requirement正确，表示"必需之物"。substitute意为替代品，不合语境。A.involvingB.avoidingC.preventingD.simplifying答案：A解析：当人们执行"涉及"推理的任务时，与语言相关的大脑区域会被激活。involving意为"涉及"。A.primitiveB.abstractC.concreteD.complex答案：B解析：这说明即使是"抽象的"思维形式也可能在一定程度上依赖语言。abstract与前文reasoning相呼应。A.moreB.ratherC.betterD.less答案：B解析：更细致的观点是，语言"影响"思维，而"不是"决定思维。ratherthan是固定搭配，表示"而不是"。A.suppressB.enhanceC.replaceD.destroy答案：B解析：语言可以"增强"某些认知能力，同时让其他能力不受影响。enhance与后文untouched形成对比。A.distinguishingB.choosingC.switchingD.comparing答案：A解析：实验要求测试者在两种色调之间进行"区分"。distinguishbetween是固定搭配。A.strengthenedB.influencedC.correctedD.weakened答案：B解析：他们的感知"受到影响"——被语言中的颜色分类所左右。influenced呼应本段开头的"languageinfluencesthought"。A.limitationsB.implicationsC.contradictionsD.objections答案：B解析：这些发现对教育和AI有重要的"启示/意义"。implications作复数表示"可能的影响、启示"。A.representB.resultC.contributeD.prevent答案：A解析：少数民族语言的消亡不只是"代表"文化传承的损失，还消灭了一种理解世界的独特方式。represent意为"代表、意味着"。A.accurateB.flexibleC.limitedD.powerful答案：C解析：如果用有限的语言数据集训练机器，机器对世界的"理解"也同样"受限"。limited与前文limiteddataset呼应。A.silentlyB.smoothlyC.activelyD.transparently答案：A解析：语言不是思想"无声地"通过的透明介质。此句是否定句，强调语言会反过来塑造思想。silently此处不是指声音，而是指"不被察觉地"。备选答案中只有silently能从修辞上配合transparentmedium这个意象。更常见的搭配是"passthroughtransparently"，但此处空缺前已有transparent，为避免重复，使用silently取"不被察觉"之意。为严谨起见，本题也可理解为"语言不是思想悄悄穿过的透明媒介"。A.revealsB.reflectsC.createsD.copies答案：C解析：语言是"创造"我们心智结构的一种活跃力量。creates与后文Wittgenstein名言"我的语言的界限就是我的世界的界限"相呼应。A.limitB.escapeC.measureD.expand答案：D解析：扩展语言就是"扩展"我们的世界。expand与上句"limits"形成对照。A.developingB.preservingC.destroyingD.ignoring答案：A解析：我们不只是习得一种技能，而是在"培养/发展"一种新的存在方式。developing与notjustacquiringaskill形成递进。A.distinguishB.navigateC.translateD.integrate答案：B解析：在不断全球化的世界里，"游走于"不同的语言世界观之间的能力也许是最宝贵的技能之一。navigate引申为"应对、驾驭"。C选项干扰最大，但全文讲的是思维方式切换，navigatebetween比translatebetween更符合"在不同体系间灵活穿梭"的语义。二、SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA（每题2分，共40分）Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.####Text1Inrecentyears,theterm"softskills"hasbecomeabuzzwordincorporaterecruiting.Employersreportthattheattributestheyvaluemostinnewhiresarenolongerconfinedtotechnicalproficiencyoracademiccredentials.Instead,theyincreasinglyprioritizecommunication,empathy,adaptability,andemotionalresilience.Asurveyof500hiringmanagersconductedin2024foundthat89%ofthemhadturneddownacandidatewhowastechnicallybrilliantbutlackedtheseinterpersonalqualities.Thisshiftreflectsadeepertransformationinthenatureofworkitself.Asroutinecognitivetasksareautomatedbyartificialintelligence,thecomparativeadvantageofhumanworkersliespreciselyintheabilitiesthatmachinesstruggletoreplicate:creativeproblem-solvinginambiguoussituations,thoughtfulnegotiation,andthecapacitytoinspiretrust.Machinescancrunchdataandoptimizelogistics,buttheycannotreadaroom,comfortadistraughtcolleague,orpersuadeaskepticalclientthroughsubtleshiftsintone.Yetthereisaparadoxlurkingbeneaththisenthusiasm.Therushtohireforsoftskillsmayinadvertentlyhurttheverycandidatesitaimstofavor:thosefromdisadvantagedbackgroundswhoneverhadtheopportunitytoattendeliteuniversitiesorjoindebateteams.Softskillsarenotinnate;theyarecultivatedthroughpracticeandfeedback,ofteninsocioeconomicallyexclusiveenvironments.Achildwhogrewupinpoverty,workingafterschooltosupportthefamily,mayhavedevelopedextraordinarygritandtime-managementabilities,butmaylackthepolishedinterviewmannerthatsignals"softskills"toarecruiter.Moreover,thecategoriesofsoftskillsfavoredbyhiringmanagersareheavilygenderedandculturallybiased.Assertivenessisrewardedinmenbutoftenpunishedinwomen.DirecteyecontactisvaluedinWesternbusinessculturebutisconsideredasignofdisrespectinsomeAsiantraditions.If"softskills"aremeasuredbythenormsofthedominantculture,theywillfunctionlessasatoolforidentifyingtalentandmoreasanewbarriertoentry.Thechallengefororganizationsistoassesssoftskillsfairly.Somecompanieshavemovedtowardstructuredbehavioralinterviews,inwhicheverycandidateisaskedthesamesetofquestionsandevaluatedagainstpredeterminedratingscales.Othersusework-sampleteststhataskcandidatestohandleasimulatedconflictorpresentapitchtoamockclient.Thesemethodsarenotperfect,buttheyofferamoreequitablealternativetotheold-fashioned"gutfeeling"thattoooftenmirrorsthebiasesoftheinterviewer.Thefutureofworkdemandsaworkforcethatisnotonlysmartbutalsohumane.Ifwearetobuildsuchaworkforce,wemustfirstensurethatourscreeningtoolsmeasurewhattheyclaimtomeasure,withoutreproducingtheinequalitiesthatalreadyexistinthelabormarket.21.Accordingtothesurveymentionedinparagraph1,hiringmanagersmostvaluejobcandidateswho______.A.holdadvancedacademicdegreesB.haveextensivetechnicalexpertiseC.possessstronginterpersonalabilitiesD.showresilienceunderworkpressure答案：C解析：第一段明确指出招聘经理最看重沟通、共情等"软技能"，甚至为此拒绝了技术出色的候选人。C选项"拥有较强的人际交往能力"是对这些软技能的概括。22.Softskillshavebecomeincreasinglyimportantinrecruitmentmainlybecause______.A.routinetasksarebeingautomatedbyAIB.employeesmustlearntooperatenewtechnologiesC.clientsarebecomingmoredifficulttopleaseD.universitiesfailtoprovidetechnicaltraining答案：A解析：第二段指出，"随着常规认知任务被AI自动化，人类劳动者的比较优势恰恰在于机器难以复制的能力"。这说明AI自动化是软技能价值上升的深层原因。23.Theword"grit"inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.A.talentB.courageC.resentmentD.perseverance答案：D解析：grit在文中指在艰难环境中磨炼出的坚毅品质，与perseverance（毅力）最接近。grit不是天赋，也不是怨愤，courage只是其中一方面，不能全面对等。24.Theauthormentionsdirecteyecontacttoillustratethat______.A.culturaldifferencesmaycausemisunderstandingininterviewsB.psychologicalresearchshouldbeappliedinhiringpracticesC.jobcandidatesshouldadjusttheirbehaviortolocalcustomsD.interviewersoftenprefercandidateswithafirmhandshake答案：A解析：文章用眼神交流的例子说明软技能的判断标准包含文化偏见。在东方文化中直视对方可能被视为不敬，如果按白人文化标准评判，就会造成跨文化面试中的误判。25.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,structuredbehavioralinterviewsarerecommendedbecause______.A.theycanevaluatecandidatesbyuniformstandardsB.theyhavebeenproventobecompletelyreliableC.theyallowinterviewerstorelyontheirinstinctsD.theyaretime-savingandcost-effective答案：A解析：最后两段提到结构化行为面试"让每位候选人面对同样的问题，并依据预定评分量表进行评估"，目的是公平。完全可靠（B）说法绝对，原文说"并非完美"。####Text2Everyyear,citygovernmentsaroundtheworldspendbillionsofdollarsonparks,greenways,andurbanforests.Thestatedjustificationusuallyinvolvesaestheticsorrecreation.Butagrowingbodyofmedicalresearchsuggeststhattheseinvestmentsarealsopublichealthinterventionsindisguise.Thepresenceoftreesandgrassinaneighborhoodhasbeenlinkedtolowerratesofheartdisease,obesity,andevenprematuredeath.Oneofthemostinfluentialstudies,publishedinthejournalTheLancet,followednearly100,000nursesacrosstheUnitedStatesforeightyears.Theresearchersfoundthatwomenlivinginthegreenestsurroundingshada12%lowermortalityratethanthoselivinginthemostbarrenenvironments.Theassociationheldevenaftercontrollingforincome,education,smoking,andotherlifestylefactors.Theexactmechanismisstillunderinvestigation,butseveralpathwaysappearplausible.Greenspacesencouragephysicalactivity;theyprovidecoolshadethatmitigatesurbanheat;andtheyreduceairpollution,whichcontributestocardiovasculardisease.Anotherexplanationinvolvesthemind.Psychologistshavelongknownthatnaturalscenesrestoreourcapacityforfocusedattention.Inafamousexperiment,researchersaskedparticipantstoperformamentallyfatiguingtask,thenshowedhalfofthemphotographsofurbanstreetsandtheotherhalfphotographsofgreenlandscapes.Inthefollow-uptestofconcentration,thenature-viewinggroupperformedsignificantlybetter.Theeffect,knownasAttentionRestorationTheory,suggeststhatnatureprovides"softfascination"thatgivesourovertaxedprefrontalcortexachancetorecover.Wordssuchas"restorative"or"regenerative"implyasanctuary,buttheycanalsomislead.Theysuggestthataccesstonatureisanoptionalluxury,asupplementtotheseriousworkofmedicine.Infact,exposuretonatureismoreaccuratelydescribedasafundamentaldeterminantofhealth,likecleanwaterorstablehousing.Indeed,manyenvironmental-justicescholarscalltreesandparks"greeninfrastructure,"toemphasizethattheyareasessentialtothefunctioningofacityasitspipesandroads.Thisframinghaspracticalconsequences.InacitylikeLosAngeles,low-incomeneighborhoodshaveabout40%lesstreecanopythanwealthyones.Ifparksareviewedasamenities,thenthisdisparityisanunfortunatebutsecondaryissue.Iftheyareviewedasinfrastructure,thesamedisparitybecomesafailureofessentialservices,aviolationofresidents'basicrighttoahealthyenvironment.Investinginurbangreening,then,isnotmerelyaboutmakingcitiesprettier.Itisaboutbuildingahealthier,fairerurbansociety.Theevidenceisclear:theleafystreetandthepocketparkarenotsimplydecorativeadditionstotheurbanlandscape—theyarevitalcomponentsofthecity'spublichealthsystems.26.Theauthorsuggeststhatcitygovernments'investmentsingreenspacesare,ineffect,______.A.ameanstoraisepropertyvaluesB.aformofpublichealthinterventionC.aresponsetoclimatechangeD.awaytoimprovetrafficconditions答案：B解析：第一段末句明确说"这些投资实际上也是一种公共卫生干预"。27.AccordingtotheLancetstudy,theassociationbetweengreensurroundingsandlowermortality______.A.variessignificantlybygenderB.disappearsafteradjustingforincomeC.remainsstrongwhenotherfactorsareaccountedforD.appliesonlytowomenwithhighsocioeconomicstatus答案：C解析：第二段说"即使控制了收入、教育、吸烟及其他生活方式因素后，这种关联依然存在"（Theassociationheldevenaftercontrolling...），对应C。A、D无依据，B与文中"held"矛盾。28.Theresultsoftheattentionrestorationexperimentindicatethat______.A.lookingatphotosofnatureimprovesconcentrationB.urbansceneshavenoeffectonmentalfatigueC.thebrainrecoversbestincompletesilenceD.physicalexerciseisrequiredforattentionrecovery答案：A解析：第三段介绍了注意力恢复实验：完成疲惫任务后，观看自然风景照片的那组人在注意力测试中表现更好。29.Environmental-justicescholarscallparks"greeninfrastructure"toemphasizethat______.A.greenspacesrequireconstantmaintenanceB.parksshouldbemanagedbycityengineersC.natureisasessentialaswatersystemsandroadsD.treerootscandamageundergroundutilitylines答案：C解析：第四段解释为什么叫"绿色基础设施"——为了强调公园和树木与城市管道、道路一样，是城市运作不可或缺的基础要素。30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthelackoftreecanopyinpoorneighborhoodsis______.A.amatterofaestheticsonlyB.asymptomofsocialinjusticeC.aconsequenceofurbanheatD.aproblemtooexpensivetosolve答案：B解析：最后两段讨论富人区与穷人区树冠覆盖率差异。如果公园被视为"基础设施"，这种差异就变成基础设施服务的失败，即对居民健康权利的侵害——这是一种社会不公。####Text3Inthedigitalage,theproductionofsocialmediacontenthasbecomeanenormousindustry.Butforwhom,exactly,isthislaborperformed,andhowisitvalued?Thecommonimageoftheinfluencer—loungingbyapoolwithaphoneandasmoothie—concealsafarmorecomplexreality.Beneaththesurfaceofpicture-perfectfeedsliehoursofunpaidwork,algorithmicanxiety,andprecariouseconomiccircumstances.Anumberofscholarshavebeguntoanalyzesocialmediathroughthelensof"platformlabor."Inthisview,theinfluencerisnotasmall-businessownerintheconventionalsense,butratherapieceworkeronadigitalassemblyline.Theplatform—whetherInstagram,TikTok,orYouTube—setstherules,controlsthedistributionofcontent,andextractsaportionoftherevenue.Theinfluencer'staskistogenerateattentionthatcanbemonetizedthroughadvertisingorbranddeals.Theirindependenceisrealinsomewaysbutlimitedinothers;theycanchoosetheiraesthetic,buttheycannotchoosetheiralgorithm.Theemotionaltollofthisworkisoftenunderestimated.Tomaintaina"relatable"persona,influencersareexpectedtoshareintimatedetailsoftheirlives,whichcanblurtheboundariesbetweenthepublicandtheprivate.Thosewhosucceedoftenexperiencewhatresearcherscall"authenticitylabor":theexhaustingprocessofperformingapolished,consistentversionoftheselfforaninvisibleaudience.Meanwhile,theunpredictablefluctuationsofthealgorithmproduceachronicstateofprecariousness.Whenapostunderperforms,thecreatorislefttowonderwhethertheplatformhaschangeditsrulesortheircontenthasbecomeirrelevant.Unliketraditionalemployment,platformworklackstheprotectionsofminimumwage,sickleave,orunemploymentinsurance.Contentcreatorsareclassifiedasindependentcontractors,whichexemptsplatformsfromthelegalobligationsowedtoemployees.Manyinfluencersworkformonthswithoutreceivinganyincome,hopingto"makeit"beforetheirsavingsrunout.Thecompetitionisbrutal:a2024analysisofTikTokcreatorsfoundthatthetop1%ofaccountsreceive90%oftheengagement—andthusalmostalloftheadvertisingrevenue.Regulatoryeffortshavelaggedbehindtheindustry'sgrowth.TheEuropeanUnion'sPlatformWorkDirective,adoptedin2024,representsanambitiousattempttoreclassifysomeplatformworkersasemployees,butitspecificallyexemptsperformersandcontentcreators.IntheUnitedStates,attemptstopasssimilarfederallegislationhavestalled.Somecreatorshavebeguntoorganize,formingunionsandco-operatives.Othersaremovingtoowned-mediaplatformslikeSubstack,wheretheycanretaincontrolovertheircontentandtheirpay.Thefateoftheinfluencereconomymattersfarbeyondtheindividualswhoparticipateinit.Itisatestcaseforhowwevaluecreativityinanageofmonopolizeddistribution.Ifcreativelaborcannotguaranteealivingwage,theresultwillnotsimplybepersonalhardship;itwillbeaworldwhereonlythosewithindependentwealth—ordesperateluck—canaffordtocreate.31.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofinfluencersascarefreepoolsideloungers______.A.accuratelycapturestheirlifestyleB.hidestheharshrealityoftheirworkC.explainswhytheychoosethiscareerD.encouragesmorepeopletobecomeinfluencers答案：B解析：第一段说这种怡然自得的形象"掩盖了远为复杂的现实"——包含了无薪劳动、算法焦虑和不稳定的经济状况。32.Theauthorcomparesinfluencersto"pieceworkers"tohighlightthat______.A.theyhavethefreedomtodesigntheirowncontentB.theirincomedependsonproducingalargequantityC.theycanchoosewhichplatformtoworkonfreelyD.theyarehighlyflexibleandcreativeworkers答案：B解析："计件工"的核心隐喻是收入与产出数量直接挂钩，而决定分配规则的是平台。同时A、C、D都只看到表面自由的一面，pieceworker指的是被平台规则控制的一面。33.Theterm"authenticitylabor"referstotheeffortof______.A.creatingoriginalvideocontentB.hidingone'strueidentityonlineC.performingaconsistentself-imageD.respondingtocommentsfromfollowers答案：C解析：第三段括号中解释："authenticitylabor"是"表演一个经过修饰的、一致的自我的疲惫过程"。34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEabouttheregulatorysituationofplatformwork?A.TheEUdirectivereclassifiesinfluencersasformalemployees.B.USfederallegislationhasbeenpassedtoprotectcreators.C.TheEUdirectivedoesnotprovideprotectionforcontentcreators.D.Influencerspreferoldmediatosocialplatforms.答案：C解析：欧盟新指令虽为雄心勃勃的尝试，但"明确豁免了表演者和内容创作者"。A与之相反，B说联邦立法已通过（其实搁浅），D在文中未提及。35.Theauthorconcludesthattheinfluencereconomyisimportantbecause______.A.itdeterminesthefutureoftheadvertisingmarketB.itshowswhethercreativeworkcansustainalivelihoodC.itrevealsthepowerofmonopolizedmediadistributionD.ithascausedadeclineintraditionalmediaindustries答案：B解析：末段点题："如果创造性劳动无法保障基本生活工资，结果是……"——这被作者称为"检验我们如何在一个发行被垄断的时代赋予创造力价值"的试金石。####Text4Thedebateoverremoteworkhasgenerallybeenframedaroundproductivity:Doemployeesworkingfromhomegetmoredone?Bynow,aroughconsensushasemergedfromthedata.Hybridarrangementsappeartoberoughlyasproductiveasoffice-basedwork,whilefullyremoteworkisassociatedwithasmalldropinoutputbutasignificantincreaseinemployeesatisfaction.Yetthequestionisnotsimplyaboutoutput;itisaboutthefutureofcitiesthemselves.Formorethanacentury,theskyscraperandthecommuterrailshapedthegeographyofurbanlife.Thecentralbusinessdistrict(CBD)wastheengineofthemetropolitaneconomy,drawingworkersinfromthesuburbseverymorningandexpellingthematdusk.Remoteworkchallengesthismodelatitsfoundation.Iftheofficeisoptionalthreedaysaweek,thentherestaurantdistrictthatonceservedthelunchtimecrowdloseshalfitscustomers.Thepropertyvaluesofofficetowers,andthetaxrevenuesthatdependonthem,begintowobble.Commercialrealestatehasalreadybeenoneofthemostvisiblecasualtiesoftheshift:by2025,thevacancyrateinseveralmajorAmericancitiesreachedlevelsnotseensincethe1970s.Butthetransformationisnotsouniformassuchstatisticsmightsuggest.ThedeclineoftheCBDisnottheendofthecity;itisthereconfigurationofthecity.Amongthestrongestbeneficiariesofthenewarrangementarethesuburbsandthesmallersatellitecities.Remoteworkersshowamarkedpreferenceformid-sizedhomeswithdedicatedofficespaceandaccesstonature,whichsuchcommunitiesprovideatpricesurbancenterscannolongermatch.Ina2024surveyofworkerswhohadrelocatedduringthepandemic-erashift,57%saidtheywouldnotreturntotheiroriginalcityeveniftheiremployerrequiredit.Thisdispersalhasacurioussideeffect:itmayreducetheveryclusteringthathistoricallymadecitiesproductive.Economistshavelongnotedthat"agglomerationeffects"—theproductivitygainsfromhavingmanypeopleandideasinclosephysicalproximity—weretheraisond'êtreofcities.Whenknowledgeworkersstayhome,theylosetheinformalcollisionsthatproduceinnovation:thehallwayconversation,thechanceencounteratthecoffeemachine.Someofthesecollisionshavemigratedtovideocalls,whicharefarbetteratfacilitatingscheduledmeetingsthanunexpectedones.Whetherthelossofserendipityhasameasurableeffectoninnovationisaquestionthatwilltakedecadestoanswer.Thedeeperissue,however,isnoteconomicbutcivic.Theofficebuildingwasnotmerelyaplaceofwork;itwasamixingchamberforpeopleofdifferentages,classes,andbackgrounds.Whenweretreattohomeoffices,wemayalsoretreatfromtheexperienceofencounteringdifference.Thechallengesthisposesfordemocracy—forthecapacitytoimaginethelivesofpeopleunlikeourselves—areimpossibletoquantifybutimpossibletoignore.Thefuturemaywellbeaworldof"location-enabled"work,wherechoice,adaptability,andawiderangeofsettlementtypesreplacethefixedcommuteoftheindustrialera.Ifso,thecitywillnotvanish;itwillevolveintosomethingnew—lessdenseperhaps,butnotnecessarilylessvital.Thesuccessofthistransitionwilldependonwhethercitiescanrenegotiatethesocialcontractthatremoteworkhassoabruptlybroken.36.Theauthorsuggeststhatthedebateonremoteworkshouldalsoconsider______.A.theglobaleconomicrecessionB.theevolutionofurbanformC.theimprovementoftransportD.theriseofvideoconferencing答案：B解析：第一段末句指出"问题不只是产出，而是城市本身未来的走向"。37.Thecentralbusinessdistricthassufferedfromremoteworkbecause______.A.videocallsreplaceface-to-facemeetingsB.employeeshavemovedtosmallertownsC.firmsdownsizetheirofficespacesD.fewerdailycommuterssupportlocalshops答案：D解析：第二段以餐饮区为例：远程办公让午餐客流减半，商业地产空置率随之上升。核心原因是通勤人群减少对周边商业和写字楼租赁需求的冲击。38.Whichofthefollowingisthe"curioussideeffect"ofthedispersalofworkers?A.Ariseinhousingpricesincitycenters.B.Theimpairmentofopportunitiesforinnovation.C.Animprovementinthequalityoffamilylife.D.Thestrengtheningoftraditionalsuburbancommunities.答案：B解析：第四段指出，人员分散削弱了"集聚效应"，员工失去了走廊闲聊、咖啡机偶遇这些产生创新的非正式碰撞。这种意外相遇的减少可能影响创新。39.Thephrase"mixingchamber"inparagraph5isusedtodescribe______.A.alaboratoryfortechnologicalinventionsB.aplacewheresocialdiversityisencounteredC.aworkspaceforcollaborativeprojectsD.avenueforconferencesandseminars答案：B解析：第五段写道，写字楼是"不同年龄、阶层和背景的人交融的混合室"。mixingchamber强调的是社会混合和差异相遇。40.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardthefutureofcities?A.Deeplypessimistic.B.Cautiouslyoptimistic.C.Stronglyindifferent.D.Mildlydisapproving.答案：B解析：末段既承认城市不会消失（"willevolveintosomethingnew—lessdenseperhaps,butnotnecessarilylessvital"），又指出转型能否成功取决于城市能否重新谈判社会契约，因此是审慎乐观的。PartB（每题2分，共10分）Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlefromthelistA–Gforeachnumberedpartofthearticle(41–45).Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.FivestrategiesforcareerresilienceinanageofuncertaintyA.AimtobecomealifelonglearnerB.DiversifyyourprofessionalrelationshipsC.BuildyourpersonalbrandbeforeyouneeditD.DistinguishstabilityfromstagnationE.LearntoembracemultipleselvesF.PlanyourfinancesfortheunexpectedG.CultivateskillsthatAIcannoteasilyreplicate41.____Thedaysofasinglecareerforasinglelifetimearelonggone.Someobsoleteskillswillbeautomated,whilenewroleswillbecreatedthatwecannotyetimagine.Theworkerswhothriveinsuchanenvironmentarethosewhocancontinuouslyacquirenewcompetencies.Thisdoesnotnecessarilyrequireanotherdegree;itcanmeanonlinecertificates,peermentoring,orsimplysettingasideafewhoursaweektoexploreunfamiliartopics.答案：A解析：该段核心是持续学习新技能、通过多种途径更新能力，对应A项"成为终身学习者"。42.____Youhaveprobablyheardtheadviceto"network"inordertoadvanceyourcareer.Butconventionalnetworkingdependsonanexchangeoffavorswithinasingleindustry,andthatcanleaveyouvulnerableiftheindustryitselfcontracts.Amorerobustapproachistobuildawidewebofrelationshipsthatcutsacrossindustriesandsocialcircles.Afriendfromyourweekendhikingclub,aformerclassmatewhomovedabroad,oraneighborinacompletelydifferentlineofworkmightofferaleadatamomentwhenyouleastexpectit.答案：B解析：段落强调跨行业、跨圈子的社交网络，而非单一行业内的利益互换，对应B项"多元化你的职业人脉"。43.____Whenyourjobtitleisyouronlyidentity,alayoffispsychologicallydevastatingbecauseitremovesmorethanasalary—itremovesasenseofself.Resiliencecomesfromhavingaportfolioofselves:youarenotonly"amarketingmanager"butalsoaparent,alocalvolunteer,aweekendpainter,andahobbyistprogrammer.Ifoneofthesedomainssuffersasetback,theotherscansustainyourse