中国文化教程Unit 23

1、,unit 23 life with fragrant tea,lead-in,text study,exercises,content,lead-in,武夷山茶园 tea plantation at wuyi mountain,do you know the story of dahongpao tea?,lead-in,lead-in,additional info,传说古时候有一穷秀才上京赶考路过武夷山时病倒在路上，幸被天心庙老方丈看见，泡了一碗茶给他喝，果然病就好了。后来秀才金榜题名中了状元,还被招为东床驸马。一个春日，状元来到武夷山谢恩。在老方丈的陪同下，前呼后拥来到了九龙窠，只见峭

2、壁上长着三株高大的茶树，枝叶繁茂，吐着一簇簇嫩芽，在阳光下闪着紫红色的光泽，煞是可爱。老方丈说:“去年你犯鼓胀病就是用这种茶叶泡茶治好的。很早以前，每逢春日茶树发芽时，就鸣鼓召集群猴穿上红衣裤爬上绝壁采下茶叶，炒制后收藏，可以治百病。”,lead-in,additional info,状元听了要求采制一盒进贡皇上。第二天，庙内烧香点烛，击鼓鸣钟，召来大小和尚向九龙窠进发。众人来到茶树下焚香礼拜，然后采下芽叶精工制作，装入锡盒。状元带了茶进京后正遇皇后肚疼鼓胀卧床不起。状元立即献茶让皇后服下，果然茶到病除。皇上大喜，将一件大红袍交给状元，让他代表自己去武夷山封赏。状元封赏路上礼炮轰响，火烛通明，

3、到了九龙窠。状元命一樵夫爬上半山腰，将皇上赐的大红袍披在茶树上以示皇恩。说也怪，等掀开大红袍时，三株茶树的芽叶在阳光下闪出红光。众人说这是大红袍染红的。后来人们就把这三株茶树叫做“大红袍”，有人还在石壁上刻了“大红袍”三个大字，从此大红袍就成了年年岁岁的贡茶。,introduction,magical function of tea,ways of savoring (品味) tea,tea drinking and folk customs,text study,introduction,originally produced in china about 4,000 years ago.

4、during the tang dynasty, japanese monks introduced tea seeds to japan, and by combining tea with zen buddhism (禅宗), created the world-famous japanese tea ceremony. in the 17th century, the dutch took to europe the chinese habit of tea drinking, which then became a tradition of the europeans.,introdu

5、ction,in china, the home of tea, drinking tea is still a widespread habit. over the past several thousand years, tea has been the most favored drink for the chinese people. however, the tea-drinking habit varies from north to south in style, and different tea-drinking habits have helped develop diff

6、erent local customs. tea is closely related to the everyday life of ordinary people.,introduction,just as many important events took place in cafes in the west, it is in the teahouses that many important things happened in china. teahouses have always been an important setting in the life of the chi

7、nese people.,introduction,when tea was first introduced to europe, it was warmly accepted and even acclaimed as a “blessing from god”, and people went so far as to congratulate themselves on being alive at such a time when tea leaves were found. in china, love for tea is just as, if not more, ardent

8、 (强烈的).,magical functions of tea,what do you know about the functions of tea?,liu zhenliang, a tea master of the late tang dynasty, once put forward the theory of the ten virtues of tea: tea is tasty; tea can maintain health; tea can drive away stinking odors; tea can prevent the attack of diseases;

9、 tea can cultivate energy in the human body; tea can relieve depression; tea can improve manners; tea can convey respect; tea can soothe the mind; and tea can uphold justice.,magical functions of tea,magical functions of tea,drinking tea is to satisfy the needs of the body as well as the mind. a cup

10、 of refreshing tea is able to naturally relieve a person of thirst while giving comfort and pleasure. according to traditional chinese medicine, drinking tea can cure a variety of diseases, because the slightly bitter and astringent (昧涩的) tea contains elements salutary (有益健康的) for the body.,清 黄易印 茶熟

11、香温且自看 seal carving, by huang yi (1744-1802), qing dynasty: inscribed with a line of verse expressing the relaxed mined while drinking tea,magical functions of tea,to tea drinkers, the first and foremost pleasure derived from drinking tea is cleansing. tea prefers to grow in clean places. the cleaner

12、 a place, the better the quality of the tea it nurtures. fine teas usually grow on high mountains, enveloped in clouds and mists and in a clear atmosphere.,武夷山 wuyi mountain,magical functions of tea,the second important facet is that of seeking leisure. the bustling world, full of confusion and argu

13、ment, weariness and exhaustion, damages the mind and body of human beings. a cup of refreshing tea can parry (挡开,避开) the sound and fury of the secular world at arms length.,元 赵原 陆羽烹茶图 lu yu making tea, by zhao yuan (birth and death dates unknown),yuan dynasty. lu yu (733-804) of the tang dynasty was

14、 the acclaimed tea saint of china,magical functions of tea,the third important feature is that of paying respect. the chinese people have long fostered the custom of expressing respect by presenting a cup of tea.,ways of savoring tea,the chinese people look to tea drinking as an art, which incorpora

15、tes a wide range of knowledge; the taste of tea might be light, yet the meaning is rich and deep.,how could we make a good cup of tea? what should be taken into consideration?,ways of savoring tea,the chinese attach great importance to the water, tea leaves, tea set, and fire, when making and drinki

16、ng tea.,ways of savoring tea,water is an element of priority in the making of tea. to make a good cup of tea, quality water is a must. to make fine tea, water from high mountains is the best, followed by water from rivers and wells. (by lu yu(733-804), tea saint of the tang dynasty),why does lu yu s

17、ay the words above on tea making?,ways of savoring tea,in the cloud-enveloped high mountains, crystal clear spring water is the best for making tea; water in the brooks though also good, is not pure because it smells of the earth, therefore is only second best. considered third is water from wells,

18、as artificial springs from underground are often stagnant (不流动的) and tinted with the flavor of salt.,ways of savoring tea,the chinese people also like to collect snow to make tea. the leisurely scene of making tea with freshly collected snow, while reading in the light of a lamp on a cold winter day

19、, is admired by many literati. snow is white but easily contaminated, therefore people like to collect fresh snow to make tea.,ways of savoring tea,号称天下第一泉的济南趵突泉 baotu spring, acclaimed “no. 1 spring under heaven”,ways of savoring tea,after water, the second most important factor for making good tea

20、 is tea leaves. china has a long history of cultivating miscellaneous tea leaves. from the perspective of processing, tea leaves fall into the categories of green tea, black tea, oolong tea, dark tea, and scented (有香味的) tea.,ways of savoring tea,green tea （the main type of tea, whose output encompas

21、ses about 70 percent of total production each year） longjing of hangzhou, biluochun of jiangsu, and huangshan maofeng and liuan guapian of anhui. black tea (fermented tea) qimen black tea of anhui and dian black tea of yunnan. oolong tea is mainly produced in taiwan and in the wuyi mountains in fuji

22、an.,dark tea is represented by puer tea of yunnan. it is processed by adding water to dried green tea leaves, which are then fermented. there are a variety of scented teas, including chrysanthemum and jasmine (茉莉花) tea, the favorite of northern chinese.,ways of savoring tea,fine tea needs to be serv

23、ed in a fine tea set. the chinese people pay particular attention to tea sets, which may be made of porcelain, ceramic, glass or wood.,ways of savoring tea,the fourth and final element in making good tea is the fire, which should be：,ways of savoring tea,“flowing water needs a live fire.” (by the fa

24、mous song-dynasty poet su dongpo), live referring to a charcoal (木炭) fire slow exuding a sense of the wild while not having that reek (恶臭) of smoke,in the chinese tea ceremony, there are four tenets (原则) that a tea drinker should observe, i.e., color, aroma, taste, and form.,ways of savoring tea,fir

25、st, observe the color. different teas have different colors, such as black tea, green tea, oolong tea, white tea (leaves with fine and soft white hair), and dark tea. when making tea, people have different color requirements for these different teas.,ways of savoring tea,green tea should be fresh, a

26、nd the best green tea is produced in spring. tea picked either before qingming festival or the grain rain (day marking the beginning of the sixth solar term that falls on april 9, 20, or 21), is favored by people, due to the leaves tenderness, freshness and greenness with a touch of yellow. this typ

27、e of tea presents an unforgettable transparent image in a glass of hot water.,ways of savoring tea,ways of savoring tea,oolong tea has a deep brown color giving a sense of weight and seclusion. it should be made in a teapot, and look thick and golden when poured in a teacup.,ways of savoring tea,way

28、s of savoring tea,longjing tea,biluochun tea,qimen black tea,dahongpao tea,puer tea,jasmine tea,second, observe the aroma. fine tea should have a special fragrance of its own. the chinese people have three ways of enjoying the aroma of tea: smelling it with ones nose once the tea leaves are put into

29、 a teacup; tasting it with the tongue once the tea is in the mouth and the fragrance overflows; and appreciating it with the heart as the unforgettable aroma lingers in the mouth, just like enjoying a fresh breeze.,ways of savoring tea,third, observe the taste. mention the taste of tea, and a tea lo

30、ver would tell you that the bitterness of tea is the most important of all tea flavors. tea itself has a subtle bitterness, which, if one sips it slowly, would turn into sweetness, that is, when bitterness ends, sweetness begins.,ways of savoring tea,fourth, observe the form. the shape of tea leaves

31、 should also be observed when drinking tea, especially green tea.,ways of savoring tea,for example, the tender leaves of longjing tea, picked in the mists, would each stand up in hot water before they slowly unfold and stretch and fall down. against the background of a white teacup, they look as if

32、they are performing a graceful dance. liuan guapian, another famous green tea, is another good example. the edge of each leaf of this kind of tea curves upward, its color bright green. in hot water, the leaves resemble lotus flowers, hence the tea has long been a favorite of chinese people.,ways of

33、savoring tea,fine tea is a combination of color, aroma, taste, and form, and requires patience to be well appreciated. therefore, chinese people speak of “savoring tea”, instead of “drinking tea”; any hurry here would be taboo.,ways of savoring tea,drinking tea, a long-established custom popular wit

34、h the chinese people, is closely related,老舍茶馆的赏茶会 a scene of a “ tea appreciation ceremony” in the lao she teahouse in beijing,tea drinking and folk customs,in those good times of old, to a teahouse my father i followed. before the teahouse i played with shells and at the lane entrance, with sand. w

35、ang zengqi,tea drinking and folk customs,记得旧时好， 跟随爹爹去吃茶。 门前磨螺壳， 巷口弄泥沙。 汪曾祺,wang zengqi believed this was “a truly fine poem”. the author describes the ritual of following his father to a teahouse during his childhood. he played with shells and sand at the entrance to the lane in front of the teahous

36、e. what a happy time it was! the whole poem expresses a soft, touching melancholy permeated (弥漫) with strong poetic flavor.,tea drinking and folk customs,many chinese folk customs are related to tea, such as the wedding ceremony. tea trees grow out of seeds, and cannot be moved, so newlyweds customa

37、rily plant tea seeds to symbolize their devotion to love. the engagement ceremony is called a “tea ceremony” in china, which is still popular in some places.,tea drinking and folk customs,many love songs are related to tea drinking, too. according to the records of lu you (1125-1210), a song-dynasty

38、 poet, in some places, single young men and women often met to sing:,tea drinking and folk customs,“young girl, as pretty as tea leaves, / would you please come out for a cup of tea? ” (小娘子，叶底花，无事出来吃盏茶),”my home is situated by the pantuo river, come have tea some time, my sweetheart. with earthen wa

39、lls and a thatched (茅顶的) root in front, a silk tree in full bloom.“,tea drinking and folk customs,盘陀江上是侬家， 郎若闲时来吃茶。 黄土筑墙茅盖屋， 门前一树马樱花。,note: the silk tree and drinking tea both symbolize love and marriage. with these two images, this romantic love song sounds even more vivid and poetic.,exercises,com

40、prehension,communication,application,comprehension,l. skimming and scanning go through the passage quickly and answer the following questions briefly.,1) what did the chinese people contribute to the world according to paragraph 1?,2) who proposed the theory of the ten virtues of tea?,tea was an imp

41、ortant contribution of the chinese people to the world.,liu zhenliang proposed the theory of ten virtues of tea.,4) what are the four important factors when making and drinking tea?,5) what kinds of water are good for tea making?,the four factors of making and drinking tea are tea leaves, water, tea

42、 sets and fire.,comprehension,3) what are the three main functions of drinking tea?,the three most important functions include: it can help cleanse and balance the body, calm down peoples minds and be used to express respect for people.,they are water from high mountains, water in the brooks, and wa

43、ter from wells.,comprehension,7) in the chinese tea ceremony, what tenets should a tea drinker observe?,8) how can the aroma of tea be enjoyed in the tea ceremony?,according to paragraph 15, tea is classified into different categories depending on their ways of processing.,a tea drinker should obser

44、ve four tenets: color, aroma, taste and form.,some craftspeople even do not set their eyes on what they are doing while doing paper-cutting because they are so skilled at this folk art that they can do it like doing magic tricks.,6) how is tea classified into different categories according to paragr

45、aph 15?,comprehension,because tea trees grow out of seeds, and cannot be moved, so newlyweds customarily plant tea seeds to symbolize their devotion to love.,10) why do chinese people call the engagement ceremony a tea ceremony in some places?,9) what is the most important taste of tea?,bitterness w

46、hich can turn sweet is the most important taste of tea.,ii. careful reading,1. read the passage carefully and fill in the following blanks with the missing information.,it was not until _ years ago that tea was grown in other countries than china. tea is so important to the ordinary life of people t

47、hat it has influenced _. drinking tea can cure some diseases because _ _.,comprehension,a little more than 200,different local customs,the slightly bitter and astringent tea contains elements salutary for the body,4) because the most important function of tea is cleansing, the quality of tea mostly

48、depends on _. 5) in social interaction, _ _ as well as respect can be expressed by tea. 6) many literati dreamed of making tea with _. 7) according to lu yu, the top springs for tea are _ _ _.,comprehension,whether it is grown in a clean place,welcome, hospitality,good wishes,freshly collected snow,

49、the huishan spring in wuxi, jiangsu province, baotu spring in jinan, shandong province, and the hupao spring in hangzhou, zhejiang province,8) boccaro tea set produced in yixing is mentioned as an example of _. 9) the fire for making good tea should be _ and _. 10) green tea should be _, _ and _, wh

50、ile oolong tea has a deep brown color giving a sense of weight and seclusion. 11) if the tea leaves stand up in hot water before they slowly unfold and stretch and fall down, then we can judge it is _ tea.,comprehension,ceramic tea sets,live,slow,tender fresh,green with a touch of yellow,longjing,12

51、) in the song mentioned in paragraph 30, the wooers express their love for the girls by _.,comprehension,inviting them to tea,2. put the following into english by referring to the passage.,绿茶（龙井、碧螺春、黄山毛峰、六安瓜片） 2) 红茶（祁门红茶、滇红茶）,comprehension,green tea (longjing of hangzhou, biluochun of jiangsu, huang

52、shan maofeng and liuan guapian of anhui),black tea (qimen black tea of anhui, dian black tea of yunnan),3) 乌龙茶 4) 黑茶（普洱茶） 5) 花茶（菊花茶、茉莉花茶）,comprehension,oolong tea,dark tea (puer tea of yunnan),scented tea (chrysanthemum tea, jasmine tea),communication,in china, the home of tea, drinking tea is a wid

53、espread habit. meanwhile, as mentioned in the passage, british people have developed the custom of afternoon tea. what do you know about the afternoon tea custom in britain?,application,chinese teahouses are similar to american coffee houses in many ways. read the following introduction of american

54、coffee houses and compare them with chinese teahouses.,coffee shops in the united states arose from the italian coffee houses of the italian american immigrant communities which mainly sold espresso (蒸馏咖啡) and pastry. in the united states, the french word for coffee house (cafe) means an informal restaurant, offering a range of hot meals. as the youth culture of the 1960s evolved, non-ltali