U1-5 Grammar.ppt

1、Grammar,Unit 1 Life on Mars,Objectives,To learn to use can, could, many and might to talk about permission To learn something about object clauses introduced by that, if and whether,语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽 可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让 学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导 学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总 结出语言规则、语法规律。,Observe the sentences,Can I ask you a q

2、uestion, Eddie? Sure. (P6) Can/Could I go to the zoo tomorrow, Mum? Yes, you can./ No, you cannot/cant. May/Might I use your computer, Mr Wu? Yes, you may./ No, you may not/cant.,A, Mr Wang, Im feeling sick. Could I leave school early today? Yes, you can., May I eat lunch here? No, you mustnt. No on

3、e is allowed to eat in the library., Might I park my car here, sir? Yes, you may.,Guessing Game,to test your sense of observation to test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language points,Guess,Use can, could, may and might to fill in the blanks. 1. _ I ask you

4、a question, Eddie? Sure. 2. _ I go to the zoo tomorrow, Mum? Yes, you can./ No, you cannot/cant. 3. _ I use your computer, Mr Wu? Yes, you may./ No, you may not/cant.,Can,Can/Could,May/Might,4. Mr Wang, Im feeling sick. _ I leave school early today? Yes, you _.,5. _ I eat lunch here? No, you mustnt.

5、 No one is allowed to eat in the library.,6. _ I park my car here, sir? Yes, you _.,Could,can,May,Might,may,Preparing to go to space,Dad, (1) _ (may, could) I take your camera? Yes, you (2) _ (can, may).,could,can,Choose the best words from the brackets.,(5) _ (Might, Can) I borrow your boots? Yes,

6、you (6) _ (can, may).,(3) _ (May, Can) I borrow this helmet? No, you (4) _ (couldnt, may not).,May,may not,Can,can,我们可以用can, could, may, might来表达“要求得到许可”和“给予许可”。每种表达方式的正式程度各不相同： Can: (informal) used to ask if it is OK to do sth Could: (formal) often used to ask permission from strangers, old people,

7、 teachers and bosses,Conclusion,May: (formal and polite) used in formal situations to ask if it is OK to do sth Might: (very formal) very formal but rarely used,注意 1. 几乎不用may not的缩写形式 “maynt”。 2. can多用于与同学、朋友的交谈中。 3. 现在can, may, could都可以用在与陌生人的交谈中，不过may更正式、礼貌。,Observe the sentences,Many people belie

8、ve that we will live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. Many people believe that robots will do most of our work. Some people believe that people born under the same star sign share similar characteristics. (9A, unit 1),I understand that it is important to do my homework and hand it in on time. (9

9、A, unit 3) Colette insisted that Hepburn was the perfect girl to play the lead role in the play. (9A, unit 5) Detective Lu said that the victim was attacked with a knife and bled to death as a result. (9A, unit 6),B,Object clauses introduced by that,About the planet Mars,Answers to exercise on Page

10、14 N 2 N 3 O 4 O 5 N 6 O,Read Daniels notes and write an O for a sentence that has an object clause and an N for a sentence that does not.,An object clause functions as the _ in a sentence. It can be put after some verbs such as “think, believe and know”. Eg.,1. Everybody knew that Tom was frightene

11、d by that boy. 2. I think that you should give him an apology.,object,1. She wasnt certain (that) he had seen her.,2. Im pretty sure (that) hell agree.,An object clause can also follow some _ such as “certain and sure”. Eg.,adjectives,An object clause can be introduced by the connective _. Sometimes

12、, we can leave it out. Eg. 1. We all know (that) Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. 2. I dont think you are right.,that,that引导宾语从句不能省略的两种情况： 当主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略。如： It says here, in the newspaper, that English is getting more and more important. 若一个动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，且

13、由and或but连接这些宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，后面的that不能省略。如： John says (that) he has tried his best and that everything will get better.,阅读下列句子，学着用所给结构来表达观点：,I (dont) believe that I (dont) think that ,In the future we will live on Mars. Mars is the best planet for living other than Earth. The future life on Mars wi

14、ll be interesting. The food on Mars will be as tasty as the food on Earth.,Observe the sentences,Nobody is sure if/whether these plants could produce enough water. We are wondering if/whether we can grow plants on Mars. Were not sure whether this has made him some enemies. We suppose that the victim

15、 knew his attackers. (9A, unit 6),I often doubt whether it is worth working so hard. (9A, unit 3) You can ask him if/whether hell lend you some money. She doesnt know whether to answer it or not. Can you tell us if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?,C,Object clauses introduced by if or whether

16、,We can use “if” or “whether” to introduce an object clause when it expresses a “yes/no” question. In that case, we often use the same word order as in a statement.,Does he live in that house? ( She asked me ) Have you finished your homework? ( I want to know),She asked me if/whether he lived in thi

17、s house.,I want to know if you have finished your homework.,Daniels questions,C1,Use if or whether to make object clauses.,1. Are you certain if/whether transport on Mars will be much better than on Earth? 2. Can you tell me if/whether gravity is a problem for the early settlers on Mars?,3. Do you k

18、now if/whether it takes very long to travel from Earth to Mars? 4. Can you tell me if/whether many people are going to move to Mars? 5. Do you know if/whether the USA sent a space robot onto Mars last year?,宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开。,宾语从句的引导词有： that引导陈述句语意。 (2) if, whether引导一般疑问句语意。 (3)

19、who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, how, why引导特殊疑问句语意。(Unit 2 Grammar),Conclusion,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。,whether和if都是“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后、不定式之前、与or not连用、在句首或在引导表语从句，只能用 whether。,Eg. Let me know whether you can come or not. I dont know whether to accept or refuse. I worry about whether I hurt he

20、r feelings. Whether it is true or not, I cannot tell.,宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应。,1. 主句如果是一般现在时，从句可以用符合句意要求的任何时态。 He says they have already returned. He says that he was born in 1985. She asks whether I am reading or not.,2. 主句如果是一般过去时，从句一般用过去时态的某种形式, (一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。 He said (that) he bought a new dic

21、tionary. I knew they were studying English He asked me whether I was a teacher.,The teacher said that the Earth goes around the sun. Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound,3. 如果宾语从句说的是普遍真理、客观事实或自然现象时，从句中的谓语动词则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。,Complete the diary.,C2,Dear Diary Do you believe _ man

22、 will be able to live on the planet Mars in the future? Scientists are working hard to make this dream come true. However, they are still not sure _ we could grow plants on Mars. Also, many scientists,that,if/whether,think _ gravity is a problem for the first settlers. They all agree _ the journey t

23、o Mars will not be comfortable. Therefore, I am wondering _ there will be many people willing to move to Mars.,that,that,if/whether,time for reflection,1. Can you tell the differences between can, could, may and might? 2. How to form object clauses introduced by that or if/whether?,请点击Word图标,I. Mult

24、iple choice. 1. _I borrow these magazines ? Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need 2. May I smoke here, sir ? Im afraid you _.This is a non- smoking area. can B. cant C. may D. may not,II. Write sentences to ask for permission in the following situation

25、s. You are on a bus and the person in front of you has the window open. It starts to rain and you are getting wet. _ (2)You missed the last English lesson. You want to look at your friends notes. _,Could/May I close the window?,Can I look at your notes?,(3) You want to ask your teacher for permissio

26、n to leave school early today. _ (4) Your friends are going to the cinema tonight. You want to go too. _ (5) Your uncle and aunt have invited you to join them for a walk in a park nearby. You want to bring your dog along. _,Could I leave school early today?,Can I join you/go with you?,Could I bring

27、my dog?,(6) You are in the library at lunchtime. You ask the librarian if you are allowed to eat your lunch in the library. _ (7) You are on the bus again. It is stuck in traffic. You ask the driver to let you off between stops. _,May I eat my lunch here?,Could/May I get off here?,III. Complete the

28、following sentences by using object clauses.,Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. Most people believe _ _ 2. Humans need water, food and air to survive. Everyone knows _ _,that Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.,that humans need water, food and air to survive.,3.

29、Gravity will be a problem for settlers on Mars. I dont think _ _ 4. We may even live in a dome with ten bedrooms. Do you think _ _,that gravity will be a problem for settlers on Mars.,that we may even live in a dome with ten bedrooms?,5. The plants on Mars will produce food, water and oxygen. Scientists tell us _ _ _,that the plants on Mars will produce food, water and oxygen.,IV. Correct the mistakes in the follo