direct and indirect speeeches.ppt

1、Discussion,Suppose you are Anne, and you are going to hide away with your family in order not to be caught by Naziz. Now you have to take 3 things with you(ignoring clothes, food). What things are you going to take ? Why do you choose these things?,引述别人的话有两种。直接引述别人的话叫直接引语（Direct speech).用自己的话转述别人的话叫

2、间接引语（Indirect speech). eg: Anne said , “I have to stay in the hiding place.” Anne said she had to stay in the hiding place.”,直接引语和间接引语,Direct speech,Indirect speech,间接引语,直接引语,直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。,1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如： She said, I am very happy to help you. She said

3、that she was very happy to help you. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如： He asked me, Do you like playing football? He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.,3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导，原来的疑问语序要改为陈述语序。例如： Mom asked her, “What do you call you

4、r diary? Mom asked her what she called your diary.,4. 一些注意事项 (1)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如： He asked Lucy, Where did you go? Tom said, What do you want, Ann?,(2)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如： They told their son, The earth goes round the sun.,He asked Lucy where she went.,Tom asked Ann what she w

5、anted.,They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.,(3)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如： He said, I havent seen her today. 注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。,He said that he hadnt seen her that day.,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,时 间 状 语,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,now,then,today,that

6、 day,this week,that week,yesterday,the day before,last week,the week before,four days ago,four days before,the day before yesterday,two days before,tomorrow,the next day,next month,the next month,here,there,come,go,bring,take,动词时态,直接引语,间接引语,一般现在时,一般过去时,一般过去时,过去完成时/一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去完成时

7、,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时,直接引语和间接引语正误例析,1. “Where does your chemistry teacher live,Karen?” the young man asked. 简析:一般说来,直接引语是疑问句,将其变为间接引语时,原来的疑问语序要改为陈述语序。,a.The young man asked Karen where did her chemistry teacher live.,b.The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.,(误),(正),2. “I have gain

8、ed the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily. a. The little boy said happily that he has gained the first place in the mathematics competition. b. The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.,简析:直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句的谓语动词

9、是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词一般要用相应的某种过去时态, 所以本句中的现在完成时应改为过去完成时。,(正),(误),3. “Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. a.The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light traveled faster than sound. b. The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faste

10、r than sound.,(误),(正),简析:直接引语为客观真理、格言时,变为间接引语,时态无需改变。,4.“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. a. Mary asked me that I would go to the concert with her that evening. b. Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.,(误),简析:直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,

11、要用连词whether或if引导,而不用that。,(正),把下列直接引语改为间接引语 （1）“Weve lived there for two years”,he told me. (2) “John forgot to tell me his telephone number,” she said to me. (3) “I was here a few weeks ago, ”she said. (4)”Im going to Beijing tomorrow,” my sister said to me.,He told me that they had lived there for

12、 two years.,She told me that John had forgot to tell her his telephone number.,She said that she had been there a few weeks before.,My sister told me she was going to Beijing the next day.,(5)”I went to university in the 1960s,”Wang Hua told his students. Wang Hua told his students he went to univer

13、sity in the 1960s. (6)”Which place aches most?”the doctor said. (7)”Whats wrong with you ,Granny?”the doctor asked. (8)“Was Wang Fei here yesterday,Zhang Ming?”Wu Ming asked. Wu Ming asked Zhang Ming if Wang Fei was there the day before.,The doctor asked which place ached most.,The doctor asked Gran

14、ny what was wrong with her.,(9)”Xiao Yu said ,”Are you leaving for Shanghai or Nanjing,Zhang Hua?” Wu Ming asked Zhang Ming whether Wang Fei had been there the day before. (10)I asked my brother,”Shall we go to the Summer Palace next week?” I asked my brother if we would go to the Summer Palace the next week.,把下列间接引语改为直接引语。 （1）She told me that she would finish the work the next week. (2)The teacher asked if we understood him. . (3)The teacher asked Wang Ying why she hadnt go to school the day before. (4)She asked me what I thought of the film I had seen the week befo