Alexander.ppt

1、,Alexander,Brief introduction Alexander III,Greatest military leader of antiquity. The son of Philip II of Macedonia, he was taught by Aristotle. He soon showed military brilliance, helping win the Battle of Chaeronea at 18. He succeeded his assassinated father in 336 and promptly took Thessaly and

2、Thrace; he brutally razed Thebes except for its temples and the house of Pindar. Such destruction was to be his standard method, and other Greek states submitted meekly.,古代最伟大的军事领袖。马其顿国王腓力二世之子。受教于亚里斯多德。十八岁时在喀罗尼亚战役中指挥马其顿军队，展现了过人的军事才华。西元前336年腓力二世遇刺身亡，亚历山大继承王位，不久便控制色萨利和色雷斯；他残酷地镇压底比斯，将全城夷为平地，仅留下神庙和品达尔的故

3、居；这种严厉手段是他一贯的手法，目的在使其他希腊城邦变得温驯服从。,The first great victory,In 334 he crossed to Persia and defeated a Persian army at the Granicus River. It was Alexanders first great victory over Persian, where he demonstrated the heroic style of active and decisive leadership that was the hallmark of his career.,西

4、元前334年到达波斯，在格拉尼卡斯河（Granicus River）击败了一支波斯军队。这是亚历山大的第一次巨大的胜利。奠定了他的领导地位。,Taking present-day Tajikistan, he married the princess Roxana and embraced Persian absolutism, adopting Persian dress and enforcing Persian court customs. By 326 he reached the Hyphasis in India, where his weary men mutinied; he

5、turned back, marching and pillaging down the Indus, and reached Susa with much loss of life. He continued to promote his unpopular policy of racial fusion, a seeming attempt to form a Persian-Macedonian master race.,在今塔吉克，他与罗克桑娜公主结婚，还接受了波斯专制主义，他穿上波斯皇帝服装，厉行波斯的宫廷礼仪。西元前326年亚历山大来到了印度的希法西斯（Hyphasis），他的军队

6、叛变。在班师回国途中发生了多次战斗及重大的无情屠杀；抵达苏萨（Susa）时亚历山大身负重伤，使他身体变弱。他继续进行他的不受欢迎的种族融合政策，企图将马其顿人和波斯人融为一个优秀种族。,. On the death of his favorite, Hephaestion (324), he gave him a heros funeral and demanded that divine honors be given at his own funeral. He fell ill at Babylon after long feasting and drinking and died at 33. He was buried in Alexandria, Egypt. His empire, the greatest that had existed to that time, extended from Thrace to Egypt and from Greece to the Indus Valley.,西元前324年赫费斯提翁（Hephaestion）去世，亚历山大为他最亲密的朋友举行帝王葬礼，并要求将赫费斯提翁尊为英雄，这同亚历山大要求他本人被