unit 4长句翻译.ppt

1、1,Unit4 长句的翻译,Translation of Long Sentences,2,长句翻译赏析,I love my love with an E, because shes enticing; I hate her with an E, because shes engaged. I took her to the sign of the exquisite, and treated her with an elopement, her names Emily, and she lives in the east? -(David Copperfield, XXII),3,董秋斯译文

2、,我爱我的爱人为了一个E, 因为她是Enticing（迷人的）； 我恨我的爱人为了一个E， 因为 她是Engaged（订了婚的）。 我用我的爱人象征Exquisite （美妙）， 我劝我的爱人从事Elopement（私奔）, 她的名字是Emily(艾米丽)，她的住处在East（东方）？,4,张谷若译文,我爱我的所爱，因为她长的实在招人爱。我恨我的所爱，因为她不回报我的爱。我带着她到挂着浮荡子招牌的一家，和她谈情说爱。我请她看一出潜逃私奔，为的是我和她能长久你亲我爱。她的名儿叫做艾米丽，她的家住在爱河里。,5,其他译本,我爱我的爱人，因为她很迷人；我恨我的爱人，因已许配他人；她在我心中是美人，我

3、带她私奔，以避开外人；她名叫虞美人，是东方丽人。 吾爱吾爱，因伊可爱；吾恨吾爱，因伊另有所爱。吾视吾爱，神圣之爱，吾携吾爱，私逃为爱；吾爱名爱米丽，吾东方之爱。 我爱我的那个“丽”，可爱迷人有魅力；我恨我的那个“丽”，要和他人结伉俪；她文雅大方又美丽；和我出逃去游历；她芳名就叫艾米丽，家住东方人俏丽。(马红军),6,一、英语长句的分析,在英语文章中，特别是科技和文学作品中，经常出现结构复杂的长句子，在一个主句中包含多个从句。 一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。,7,在分析长句时应注意以下几个方面,找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,

4、 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3)分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等。 (4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (5)注意插入语等其他成分。 (6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配,8,例1：And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girl friend had known his mother and the kind o

5、f place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born. He knew how （宾语从句） If his girl friend had known （条件状语从句） his mother the kind of place the kind of people in which （定语从句） among the（定语从句） 【译文】他生活在这类人中间，出生在这样的地方，又有这样的母亲，这一切要是让女朋友知道了的话，他明白会有多么丢人。,9,例2：A notion has taken hold

6、in the United States to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them.,A notion has taken hold in the United States to the effect,that（同位语从句）,who (定语从句),who (定语从句),【译文】在美国有一种根深蒂固的观点，就是只有那些抚养得起子女的人，才应鼓励其生育。,10,例3：Many a woman,

7、some of the Highest in the Land, have had a Trouble in their times; and why should you Trumpet yours when others dont Trumpet theirs? (Thomas Hardy: Tess of the DUrbervilles),Many a woman trouble; and why should yours,（并列句）,when（状语从句）,some of the Highest in the Land (插入语),【译文】遇到负心汉的妇女甚多，其中且有本地最富贵之人家

8、，她们不曾张扬，你何以张扬？,11,Though our knowledge be limited to our ideas, and cannot exceed them either in extent or perfection; and though these be very narrow bounds in respect of the extent of all Beings, and far short of what we may justly imagine to be in some even created understandings not tied down to

9、 the dull and narrow information that is to be received from some few and not very acute ways of perception, such as are our senses; yet it would be well with us if our knowledge were but as large as our ideas, and there were not many doubts and inquiries concerning the ideas we have, whereof we are

10、 not, nor I believe ever shall be in this world, resolved. (John Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding),例4:,12,such as are our sense; yet it would be well with us ,（并列句）,if,Though,though,(名词性从句),what,（that）we have resolved,（定语从句）,Whereof (插入语),that,and（if）,（定语从句）,让步状语从句,（虚拟条件状语从句）,并列让步状语从句,

11、（并列虚拟条件状语从句）,【解析】,小节结束,【译文】虽然，我们的知识局限于我们的观念，而且在范围和完善程度上都不能超越；我们的观念同宇宙万物的存在相比十分狭隘，而且远不如我们所能合理想象的其他生灵的理智范围之广，这种理智并不像我们为数有限灵敏不足的感官所接受的信息那样枯燥有限。尽管如此，我们还是希望我们的知识和我们的观念一样广泛，但愿对我们现有的观念也不必有那么多的疑问和探索；何况我们从未对此有所肯定，而且我相信大概永远也不会完全肯定。即便如此，我们的感官知识也不过如此而已。,13,Though our knowledge be limited to our ideas, and canno

12、t exceed them either in extent or perfection; and though these be very narrow bounds in respect of the extent of all Beings, and far short of what we may justly imagine to be in some even created understandings not tied down to the dull and narrow information that is to be received from some few and

13、 not very acute ways of perception, such as are our senses; yet it would be well with us if our knowledge were but as large as our ideas, and there were not many doubts and inquiries concerning the ideas we have, whereof we are not, nor I believe ever shall be in this world, resolved. 【译文】虽然，我们的知识局限

14、于我们的观念，而且在范围和完善程度上都不能超越；我们的观念同宇宙万物的存在相比十分狭隘，而且远不如我们所能合理想象的其他生灵的理智范围之广，这种理智并不像我们为数有限灵敏不足的感官所接受的信息那样枯燥有限。尽管如此，我们还是希望我们的知识和我们的观念一样广泛，但愿对我们现有的观念也不必有那么多的疑问和探索；何况我们从未对此有所肯定，而且我相信大概永远也不会完全肯定。即便如此，我们的感官知识也不过如此而已。,14,长句翻译最常用的方法还是顺译法。 顺译即顺着原文词序或句序翻译，当然不是逐字翻译，也不排斥个别词或词组的倒置。顺译首先仍要抓中心、找关键。如果是简单句，就要抓出中心词、中心意义。,1

15、顺译法（Translation in Original Order）,15,例1：Although, in the last century, it was accepted that the body has been programmed to last for 70 years, until the 1960s it was all too obvious that very few bodies ever did, and for a man to enjoy good health in old age was exceptional.,【译文】虽然在上个世纪，人们普遍认为人能活到7

16、0岁，但是事实很清楚，20世纪60年代以前，很少有人能活到这个年龄。至于老年时享有一个健康的体魄， 那更是罕见的了。,Although （让步状语从句）,that very few bodies ever did,for a man to enjoy health was exceptional,（并列句）,until it was all too obvious,16,例2：In the factory of the future, designers will not need production engineers to tell them whether a new product

17、will work and how much it will cost. designers will not need production engineers to tell them in（介词短语作状语） whether（宾语从句） how much（宾语从句） (并列句),【译文】在未来的工厂里设计师们不需要向生产工程师询问生产新产品的可行性和经济性。,17,逆着或基本逆着原文的词序或句序进行翻译，词序与思维方式和表达习惯有关。 汉语时空观上大体遵循逆序法，即由大至小，由远及近，由重而轻；而英语的时空观大体遵循顺序法在表达法上多有不同。 英语长句的叙述层次、表达习惯不同于汉语，如果按

18、原文次序翻译就会感到译文模糊，不通顺，这时就需要逆着原文的顺序去译，从后面的部分译起。,2 逆译法 (Translation in Reverse Order),18,例1：Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was ro

19、oted in the wretchedness of another.,【译文】如果幸福是建立在另一个人的痛苦之上，那就没有人会有幸福。她的这种深切信念全都反映在一些人生结局通常都很悲惨的人物身上，虽然她笔下的人物出现在多种多样的背景和情节中。,19,例2：Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder anything you can catch!,【

20、译文】当可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻的狄安娜在池边好奇地接受你所捉上来的东西的时候，如果你懂得什么叫美的话，时间是过得很快的!,小节结束,20,分译法也叫拆句译法，是把原文句子中的个别词、短语、或从句分离出来，单独译出，自成短句，或把原文的一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子，即根据原文的意思层次，按汉语的习惯把英语长句的从句与主句、从句与从句、短语与短语分开，这样层次分明，意义清楚。 分析句子结构，弄懂其中词语的确切涵义、语义关系、逻辑关系、主旨关系，然后把长句中的短句或从句按自然顺序分别译出，前后语气连贯，便是所需要的译文。,3 分译法 (Splitting Translation),2

21、1,例1：There is a tide in the affairs not only of man, but also women too, which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune. 【译文】人生在世，有时会走运，只要抓住时机，就能飞黄腾达，非但男人如此，女人也一样。,22,例2：The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the

22、company of friends, the freedom of living where we please, even good health. 【译文】我们越能知足常乐，就越感到幸福。施人以爱，被人所爱，友人相伴，居之其所，乐之自由，身体健康，这一切所带来的快乐都易为人们所忽略。,23,例3：The little girls loved the theater, that world of personages taller than human beings, who swept upon the scene and invested it with their presences

23、, their more than human voices, their gestures of gods and goddesses ruling a universe. 【译文】两个小姑娘爱看戏，喜爱戏剧的世界。那个世界的人物比凡人高大。他们堂堂地穿行于舞台，各有风采；他们的声音洪亮，非凡人可比；他们的举止宛如统治一个宇宙的男神和女神。,24,有些英语长句顺译或者逆译都感不便，分译也有困难，这时就应仔细推敲，或按时间先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆，有主有次地对全句进行综合处理。,4 综合法,25,例1：Since natural water contains dissolved oxyge

24、n, fishes, which also need oxygen though they live in water, will die if hot days persist so long that the dissolved oxygen is evaporated.,【译文】鱼类虽然水栖，但也需要氧气，而天然水是含有溶解氧的，因此如天热得过久使水中的溶解氧蒸发掉了，鱼就要死亡。,since （原因状语从句）,which（定语从句）,if （条件状语从句）,though（让步状语从句）,that（结果状语从句）,fishes will die,26,例2：When you listen

25、 to people speak a foreign language that you understand, have you noticed that the native speakers of that language use words and phrases in a manner different from what you are used to?,【译文】当你听别人讲你所懂的外语时，那些以这种外语为母语的人，他们使用词语的方式和你所习惯使用词语的方式是不同的，对此你注意到了吗？,that（定语从句）,from what（宾语从句）,when（时间状语从句）,that（宾

26、语从句）,You noticed ?,27,例3：Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted.,【译文】亚里斯多德认为女人的牙齿比男人的少，其实（很简单），他只需请他的夫人张一张口来让他数一数，完全可以不犯这一错误的。,28,例4. I visited the neighboring vi

27、llages, and added greatly to my stock of knowledge, by noting their habit and customs, and conversing with their sages and great men 【译文】我去过邻近村子，观察该地的风俗习惯，并与当地的圣贤和伟人交谈，极大地丰富了我的知识。,29,例5Accident may put a decisive blunderer in the right, but eternal defeat and miscarriage must attend the man of the b

28、est parts, if cursed with indecision. 【译文】容易出错的人，若遇事果断，仍可取得意外的成功；哪怕是最有才干的人，若优柔寡断，一定是屡遭失误。,30,例6. So many of the super-computers we think of as costly many millions of dollars today will suddenly become things that were carrying around in our pockets. 【译文】今天，我们认为那么多价值几百万美元的超级计算机，突然间竟变成了可以放在我们衣兜里能随身携带

29、的小玩意儿，真有点不可思议。,31,例7. What has changed, many experts believe, is that Americans have grown more reluctant to cast stones at friends and neighbors who fail to meet the moral standards they set for themselves. 【译文】许多专家认为，与以前有所不同的是，美国人虽然为自己规定了道德准则，但是对于言行不符合这些准则的朋友或邻居，他们往往不愿进行谴责。,32,课堂互动1： 用顺译法翻译下列句子,1.

30、 By the verdict of the court he is found guilty and has to pay the plaintiff the damages, set at 750 pounds. Charles Dickens: The Pickwik Papers）,【译文】法庭判他有罪，必需付原告赔偿金750磅。,33,2. How these two thingsenergy and matterbehave, how they interact one with the other, and how people control them to serve the

31、mselves make up the substance of two basic physical science, physics and chemistry. 【译文】能量和物质这两种东西如何起作用，它们如何相互影响，人们如何控制它们使之为自己服务，这些问题构成两门基础自然科学物理和化学的主要内容。,课堂互动1： 用顺译法翻译下列句子,34,3. I believe we are now moving into a period similar to that after the last war, where there is a general acceptance of the

32、need for a mixed economy, that is, a capitalist economy combined with a substantial degree of government intervention. 【译文】我想我们正在步入一个酷似二战战后的一段时期，人们普遍认为需要建立一种混合经济，使资本主义经济与一定程度的政府干预经济结合起来。,课堂互动1： 用顺译法翻译下列句子,35,4. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every

33、 caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desirefor them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. 【译文】至于那些不幸的人，他们拥有自己想要的一切东西，他们的任何奇想都能得到满足，并能得到他们渴望弄到手的每一件东西对他们来说，新的乐趣、新的刺激只不过是再一次厌腻。,课堂互动1： 用顺译法翻译下列句子,36,课堂互动2：用逆译法翻译下列句子,1. Various machine parts can be washed ver

34、y clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be.,【译文】各种机器零件无论多么脏，形状多么不规则，当它们用超声波处理后，可以被洗得非常干净，甚至干净得像新零件一样。,37,2And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a

35、 couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 由于受到顽强抵抗阻挡着，吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。,课堂互动2：用逆译法翻译下列句子,38,课堂互动3：用分译法翻译下列句子,1. With his failures in life came the fears for the future. 【译文】他因生活屡遭失意，所以对前途忧心

36、忡忡。 2. I wanted to laugh at their harmlessness. 【译文】他们无法作恶了，我真想放声大笑！,39,3. The trouble with the digital revolution is that computers may have speeded up many of the processes of modern life, but they still remain relatively difficult to use. 【译文】数字革命给我们带来了一些烦恼：计算机一方面可能已加快了现代生活中许多方面的进程，但另一方面相对而言仍然很难使

37、用。,课堂互动3：用分译法翻译下列句子,40,1. Thats why in America marketing and public relations are so pervasivebecause Americans believe that language can be used to change the way people think, and that language is used to express oneself. 【译文】为什么美国市场营销和公关如此盛行？因为美国人相信语言可以用来改变人们的思维方式，可以用来表现自己。,课堂互动4：用综合法翻译下列句子,41,The UN General Assembly， the central political for