大学英语四六级写作课件.ppt

1、四六级作文精讲,评分标准:（一）内容和语言标准,1. 短文写作部分满分为15分。 2. 阅卷标准共分五等：14分、11分、8分、5分、及2分。 3.阅卷时根据五个方面的具体标准, 即内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、句式有变化和语言规范.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准, 对照参照卷评分,若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该分数(即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分),评分标准: 给分档的标准,14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够

2、清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。,评分标准: （二）字数和段数要求,目前的四级考试写作要求至少120字.字数不足要酌情扣分,一般扣分标准如下 白卷, 作文与题目无关, 或仅有几个孤立的词而未表达思想, 判为0分. (2)非常优秀的作文可评满分. (3)对规定三段的作文, 只写一段者: 0-4分; 只写两段者: 0-9分. (4)题目中已给出的主题句、起始句、结束句, 均不得记入所写数字. (5)字数不足者酌情扣分:,Shou

3、ld we expect a reward when doing a good deed? Different people have different answers. Some say that there should be a reward for a good deed. They think that if there is no reward, it will be difficult for people to do good deeds. For example, in order to help people in need, they often have to giv

4、e some money to these people, and they will live a poor life themselves.,小强版,Only,When asked about whether or not one should expect a reward when doing a good deed, different people hold different views. Some argue that there should be a reward for a good deed. They explain that without proper and p

5、roportionate reward, those who have done good deeds may sometimes find themselves in various dilemmas. For example, in order to help the needed, they often have to sacrifice a large part of their own income and live the rest of the days in poverty.,老牛版,Only,作文存在的障碍和问题,The Study of English,There are

6、various kinds of books. History books tell people about the history of human society. Scientific and technological books make people understand the unknown world and make the society progress. Books about art and literature help us enjoy nature and people.,a. 翻译式作文。 例:,The First Day I Came to Colleg

7、e,I always remember the day I come to college. It was a sunny day and I was very excited. I have arrived at the college in the afternoon. Everything had seemed fresh to me. The campus was beautiful. The college was located at the foot of a Mountain and was surround with trees. To the east of it we c

8、an see a blue river. There are so many teaching buildings. It was here that I would study for four years. I thought that I must study hard in order to live up to the expectations of my parents and friends. It is true that there are many challenges, but I will prove myself a worthy college student.,b

9、. 时态混杂。 例:,Computer,Nowadays computers are widely used in our society. We can see computers everywhere. Many people use computers in schools and colleges. We also use computers in offices, libraries, banks and at home.,c. 没啥可写。 例:,Do you like travelling? Probably you will say “Yes, I like it very mu

10、ch!” Thats right.,Traveling,I think travelling is really good to everyone of us. Do you agree with me, my dear friend?,d. 套用中文模式。 例:,. As I was a little tired from the journey to the college, I went to bed early. At mid night, I suddenly woke up. I found that there was no gate in the college.,The Fi

11、rst Day I Came to College,e. 主题模糊。 例:,(2) 作文与词语,Im a student of Hunan University. Im studying in Tumu Department. I like my major very much.,要能正确和恰当地用词语表达意思，首先必须意识到英语词语和汉语词语并非是一一对应的。例如，汉语的“觉得”可用英语的feel、find、think等词语来表达，但具体怎么用，还须依句意而定：,1. 他一点儿也不觉得累。,2. 我觉得有必要先跟他商量。,3. 你觉得这个计划怎么样？,What do you think of

12、 the plan?,4. 他觉得有人在注视着他们。,He didnt feel tired at all.,I think we should consult him first.,How do you like the plan?,He became aware that someone was watching him.,5. 他觉得有责任帮助同学。 He deems it his duty to help his fellow classmates.,6. 我觉得他不会同意。 I have a sense that he wont agree.,7. 你觉得这样做合算吗？ Do you

13、 find it pays?,9. 很多次我觉得自己是胜利者。 And for many times I figure that Im the winner.,8. 我觉得我们会取胜。 I have a feeling that we will win.,文中的struggle 和survive都是常用词，但用得非常生动，很值得学习。,The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner

14、, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.,1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：ba

15、d = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的：

16、 popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive,四六级写作高级词汇替换-形容词,1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = fost

17、er = nurture 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten,四六级写作高级词汇替换动词,

18、1. 影响：influence= impact 2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard 3. 污染：pollution = contamination 4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race 5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8. 教育：

19、education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 13. 职业： job = career = employment = profess

20、ion 14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid,四六级写作高级词汇替换名词,没 能 cant fail to/unable to/not be in a position to/,很 多 a lot of various/plentiful/numerous/countless/ abundant/quite a few,必 须 must be supposed to/be obliged to/have no alternat

21、ive,希 望 hope feel like/would like/expect/be dying to/cant wait to,努 力 work hard hardworking/diligent/industrious /dedicated,得 到 get obtain/acquire/ achieve/ gain/win/earn,有 趣 interesting fascinating/attractive/entertaining/ pleasant/enjoyable,增 进 increase expand/add to/ enhance/ enlarge/ broaden/ de

22、velop/improve,议论文,题目是A or B. 题目是一般疑问句？ 第一段：1）引出话题 2）一种观点 3）原因 第二段：1）另一种观点 2）原因 第三段1）我的观点 2）原因 3）决心,观点对比类,题目特征是格言或谚语 第一段 1）引出话题2）我的观点 第二段 1）承上启下2）原因+举例，或举例+原因 第三段 1）总结 2）决心,二、观点论证型,题目是社会问题，指坏的方面 第一段 1)引出话题 2）我的观点 第二段 1）承上启下 2）原因+举例 3）趋势句 第三段 解决段,三、问题解决型,题目是社会问题，指好的方面 第一段 1）引话题2）我的观点 第二段 1）承上启下2）原因+举例

23、 3）趋势句 第三段 1）总结 2）决心,四、现象阐述型,第一段：社会现象-引出自己的观点 第二段：正反讨论他人的观点 第三段：下结论 每段三句话- 十二句话,五、三段论,（一）报道法 As was reported on the China Daily on June,18th,2007,引出话题板块,1）According to the recent survey conducted by a certain news agency, 2）The headline of the China Daily on June,17th,2007，presented a thought-provok

24、ing data to us that 3）As is revealed by the statistics frequently appeared on newspapers recently, 4）A report conducted by a certain news agency came to us recently that,（二）科学举例法,1）People in an increasing number start to cast light on the issue that- 2) People in an amounting number start to realize

25、 that- 3)The data reported on China Daily recently offers us another way of looking at the issue that-,(三)句型法,名言引用法 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，来引出文章要展开论述的观点。 1 Knowledge is power. This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people. 2 Education is not complete with graduation

26、. This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. 3 . We often hear statements/words like those/this. 4 We often hear such traditional complains as this .,(四)名言引用法,一种观点： 1）Some people frown at the idea that - 2) Hearing of the idea /phenomenon that-,s

27、ome people become furious. 3）Some people take the negative/opposite view towards the idea/phenomenon that. 4) Some people object/oppose to the idea/phenomenon that.,观点表达,1）However, others take the opposite stance that 2)However,other opinions can also be heard from all walks of life. They insist tha

28、t. 3)Tastes differ. Others assume that.,另一种观点：,观点对比类 1）Weighing the pros and cons，I am inclined to agree that 2)From my point of view, 3)As far as I am concerned, 4)For my own part , 5)In my opinion,我的观点,1. Several factors can account for this idea/phenomenon. 2. Why does it take place? 3. The main

29、reasons why such a phenomenon takes place are as follows.,承上启下,First -Initially, To start with, To begin with, First and foremost, Second- Third - Furthermore, Moreover,. In addition, Besides, What is more, 最后一点Finally. Eventually,原因表达,原因 1A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A nu

30、mber of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that. 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include. 5. The change in .largely results from the fact that

31、. 6. We mayblame .,but the real causes are. 7. Part of the explanations for it is that . 8. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that . 9. Another contributing factor (cause ) is . 10. Perhaps the primary factor is that 11. But the fundamental cause is that .,后果 1. It may give rise to a host

32、of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is . 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon. 4. Its consequence can be so great that.,Economy Society Tourism science and technology Internet Media Entertainment Education Social welfare,开阔思路,For instance, One case in point is _ Another case in

33、 point is _,举例部分,举例 1. A good case in point is . 2. As an illustration, we may take . 3. Such examples might be given easily. 4. .is often cited as an example.,1、After analyzing all the factors, I realize that_ 2、All the factors stated above lead us to the conclusion that_ 3、After meditating on all

34、the factors, I realize that _. 4、In conclusion,_.,总结部分,1、Were the situation to continue, Our society would be bound to suffer a huge loss in all aspects/benefit a lot in all aspects. 2、If we let the situation go as it is , It would certainly exert a negative/positive effect on our society.,趋势段,Whats

35、oever/Try the utmost to do/Spare no effort to do/Try ones best to do ， I determine to /I decide to/ I make up my mind to_.,决心部分,Considering the situation, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to tackle the problem. On the one hand, strict laws should be made to punish those who (do sth)

36、. One the other hand, the public should be educated (not) to _.Only in this way can we witness the ideal scene in which all the people can enjoy their life to the utmost.,解决段,图表类作文,一、引出话题改为描述图表 bar chart line chart table Pie chart,1）the number of _ has increased/decreased by_ from _to_, as is reflec

37、ted in the _. 2）The past _years from _ to_ has witnessed an increase/a decline of _ in the number of _.,句型,4. 图表作文,图表作文一般都附有简要说明, 一般要求考生对图表进行说明,并以图表信息为依据,进行归纳总结,得出一般性结论. 作文的内容一定要与图表信息一致,同时所采用的信息应能有效地突出主题. 例如: 2002年6月作文,Student Use of Computers your composition on the chart and the outline given belo

38、w: 1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间: 1990年(2 hours)、1995年(4 hours)、2002年(14 hours)，请描述其变化； 2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)； 3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。,Hours,Year,图表作文例文范文:CET-4, 1987年6月 Student Use of Computers,Since 1990, there has been tremendous growth in the use of computers by students. While

39、 in 1990, the average number of hours a student spent on the computer was about one hour per week, this number grew nearly fours hours per week by 1995, and approximately 20 hours per week by the year 2000.,图表作文例文范文:CET-4, 1987年6月 Student Use of Computers,The significant growth in the use of compute

40、rs by students in the 1990s can be attributed to several factors, including widespread usage, lower prices, and technological and social developments. Nowadays, computers are widely used by students for word processing, book keeping, multimedia presentations, and access to the Internet for both rese

41、arch and communications. Additionally, since 1990, due to competition and technological advances, computer hardware and software prices, as well as Internet charges have dropped significantly. Finally, technological developments and changes in social habits in the 1990s have played a major role in t

42、his tremendous growth in the use of computers. Todays society relies heavily on computers for immediate access to the news and entertainment, including listening to music, watching movies and sports 3vents, and playing computer games,图表作文例文范文:CET-4, 1987年6月 Student Use of Computers,While computers a

43、re of great assistance to the students, and therefore, are indispensable tools, they also pose some challenges. The biggest challenge that many students face is discipline in the use of this powerful device. Parents are concerned about their kids being addicted to computer games and ignore their stu

44、dies. Undesirable material and strangers on the Internet may mislead the students. It is urgent that students use this powerful tool with great wisdom.,分项目的总结第一段：The*(某种图，比如bar chart ,pie chart或是curve graph)show*(简单写写情况，比如“妇女受教育程度”，“美国能源利用”，这些一般可以在图下面的说明文字中找到),From the *(某种土)we can have a understand

45、ing of *(又是什么情况) 第二段：说明段，From the*/*illustrate* +一些内容，主要写以下几个方面：极点(极大，极小)，趋势，特别点(交点，转折点，相同点和一些在特定图上有意义的点)第三段:From the chart,we may have a basic understanding of the situation of凑字数用的！一些表达：,柱形图 (bar chart) increase rise go up / drop decrease decline,饼图 (pie chart) *is dividedsintos*parts *consume the

46、 largest prtion *accounting for*(百分比)of *is* *play a very important role in *,线形图 (diagram) From this point Drop/increase dramaticly a modest /rapid increase,1.以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”：上升，下降，或是波动，题中对两个或两个以上的变量进行描述时应在此基础上进行比较，如变量多于两个应进行分类或有侧重的比较，2.不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述,From the graph, we know the statistics of

47、 (1) _ and (2)_. It can be seen easily that (3)_. There are many reasons responsible for this instance,and the following are the typical ones. For one thing,(4)_. In addition, (5)_. The main reason is that (6)_. However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future. I believe (7)_.,

48、Graph Composition Pattern (I ),阐述图表概况,理由一,理由二,理由三,阐述图表概况,剖析图表所揭示的含义,前景预测,The graphs show us (1) _ _. There are many reasons explaining this situation. As for me,I consider the followings the important ones. Firstly, (2)_ _. Secondly, (3)_ _. In addition, (4)_ _. Above all, we now know about the prob

49、lem and we should try to find some ways to solve it.,Graph Composition Pattern ( II ),说明图表概况,理由一,理由二,理由三,The first graph tells us that (1)_ _. The second graph shows that (2)_. The reasons to explain this situation can be listed as follows： For one thing, (3)_. For another thing, (4)_. In addition,

50、(5)_. In the opinion of mine, the more we understand the situation, the better we can do to improve it in the future.,Graph Composition Pattern ( III ),说明图表概况,说明理由一,理由二,理由三,说明图表概况,图表作文表达,上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down平稳: stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to波动: fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down占: occupy take up account for gain而: while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact相比: by contract on the contrary likewise compared w