泛读教程4 unit8 The Holocaust

1、the holocaust,by 冯选丽02 郑舒017 周婷019,The Nazi holocaust is national cleaning (genocide) that aimed at kill all Jews in Nazi Germany in the second world war .The holocaust in world war is the most famous holocaust in which more than 6 million Jews were killed by various of ways including shot, delibera

2、tely freezing, deliberately starve to death and poison gas, etc. The word Holocaust is from the Greek and means using fire sacrifice.,The Holocaust Adolf Hitler The Nazi Party Kristallnacht The reason of the Holocaust The process of the Holocaust The ways of the Holocaust Nazi Concentration camp The

3、 influence of the Holocaust,Photo credit: USHMM Photo Archives,Photo credit: National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives,courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives,Adolf Hitler,Adolf Hitler(1889-1945) was the founder and leader of the Nazi Party and the most influential voice in the organization, impl

4、ementation and execution of the Holocaust, the systematic extermination(根除；灭绝） and ethnic cleansing of six million European Jews and millions of other non-aryans.（非雅利安人） In 1933,he became Chancellor of Germany and the country became a one-party state. Hitler was the Head of State, Supreme Commander

5、of the Armed Forces and guiding spirit, or fuhrer, of Germanys Third Reich from 1933 to 1945,Rise of the Nazi Party,courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives,Hitlers Promises Better life Germany great nation Racial purity,Hitler Youth Parade Hitler Youth march through Nuremberg, Germany past Nazi officials.,

6、Emblem（徽章） of the Nazi Party,the Nazi Party,Nazi Party：National Socialist German Workers Party political party of the mass movement known as National Socialism. Under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, the party came to power in Germany in 1933 and governed by totalitarian methods until 1945,Photo cred

7、its: Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives,Kristallnacht,“The Night Of Broken Glass”,Kristallnacht (1938),On November 910， 1938, Jewish minor Herschel Grnspan assassinated Nazi German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in Paris. This incident was used by the Nazis as a pretext to go bey

8、ond legal repression to large-scale physical violence against Jewish Germans. Jews were attacked and Jewish property was vandalized, over 7,000 Jewish shops and more than 1,200 synagogues (roughly two-thirds of the synagogues in areas under German control) were damaged or destroyed. After these pogr

9、oms, Jewish emigration from Germany accelerated, while public Jewish life in Germany ceased to exist.,“You have no right to live among us as Jews.”,The reason of the Holocaust,The reason of the Holocaust is mainly the racism. Hitler is an extreme racist and an anti-Semitic . He regarded Jews as the

10、root of all evil and the root of all disasters and the destroyer of human life order . The Nazi Party think the German nation is the most excellent people , so they made anti-Semitism a major plank of its political platform .,The process of the Holocaust The Nazi onslaught(攻击)on the Jews can be divi

11、ded into two main phases : . From Hitlers accession to power in 1933 until about 1941. In this phases the aim is to make Germany free of Jews. . From 1941 to the end of war in 1945 . This phase of the Nazi onslaught on the Jews was even more extreme , and include the notorious(臭名昭著的)“Final Solution”

12、 .,The ways of the Holocaust,The genocide of the Jews was affected in two main ways. First, special mobile units followed the advancing German armies and shot all the Jews they could find. Second, Jews were herded into camps where they were either worked to death, starved or gassed.,Nazi Concentrati

13、on camp Bergen-Belsen(贝尔艮-贝尔森集中营) Sachsenhausen(萨克森豪森集中营) Dachau(达豪集中营) Auschwitz(奥斯维辛集中营),Auschwitz(奥斯维辛集中营),奥斯威辛集中营是纳粹德国在二战期间修建的最大的集中营，始建于年月，是距波兰首都华沙多公里的奥斯威辛市附近大小多个集中营的总称。德国纳粹在这里监禁过数百万人，并屠杀了其中的多万人，受害者绝大部分是犹太人。年月日，苏联红军解放了奥斯威辛集中营，名幸存者获得了新生。,Bergen-Belsen(贝尔艮-贝尔森集中营),贝尔根贝尔森集中营（Bergen-Belsen），又称贝尔森。纳粹

14、德国集中营，在距汉诺威州采勒（当时属普鲁士）西北16千米处的贝尔根和贝尔森两村附近。1943年7月建立，部分为战俘营，部分为犹太人转运营。设计容量为1万人，但在第二次世界大战结束时，关押达41万人。这个集中营虽然没有毒气室，但死于饥饿、疾病、过度劳累以及肮脏的生活环境者达37万人之多。纳粹用推土机将尸体推人万人坑掩埋。,A wagon piled high with corpses outside the crematorium in the liberated Buchenwald concentration camp (April 1945),Family being forced int

15、o Ghettos(犹太人区）,People being “resettled” to Concentration Camps,Prisoners arriving at the camps,The influence of the Holocaust The Nazis murdered around six million Jews , totally destroying the great Jewish communities of Germany and of central and eastern Europe . The center of Jewish culture move

16、d from Europe to Israel and the USA . Thus , the Holocaust was a pivotal (关键的）element of twentieth-century Jewish history and have a profound impact on Jewish life and thought .,Entrance to Auschwitz “Work will set you free”,Crowded Conditions,Photo credit: German National Archives,Even the very you

17、ng,Resistance,Righteous Among the Nations Oskar Schindler Raoul Wallenberg Varian Fry,Wallenberg,Schindler,Fry,Group portrait of a resistance unit,Resistance Fighters,Liberated Russian children cheer / Dachau,Kindertransport,Local Survivor,Dr. Larry Gladstone,Dr. Larry Gladstone,Local Survivor,Local Survivor,Olga Bowman,museum founder and LOCAL SURVIVOR,Henry Kellen,Holocaust Victims,6 million Jews 1.5 million children under 12 “Other Undesirables” 5 million 11 MILLION