外研Book1（Module5—6）

1、外研 Book1 Module Five A Lesson in a Lab 词汇表liquid expand contract substance mixture oxygenelectricity stageconclusion aimreaction electricalequipment reactpotassium sodiumcalcium magnesiumaluminium zincpartial copperoxide rustboil ordinarysteam floatform dissolvebalance crucibletongs flamefacility le

2、cturedepartment astonished 重点词汇讲解expand.膨胀；扩张 eg. Water expands when it freezes.expand into扩大成为expansion n. 扩张 eg. Heating a copper bar will cause it to e_.mixture.混合物eg. Air is a mixture of different gases.mix v. 混合，掺合mixwith把和混合在一起 eg.该市是新旧建筑物的混合体The city was _ old and new buildings.conclusion. 结论

3、eg. What conclusions do you draw from what he said?come to/ arrive at/ reach/ draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之conclude v. 结束，得出结论，断定eg. Having examined carefully, he came to the _（结论）.aim. 目标；目的eg. Have an aim in life and you will achieve great success.aim v. 瞄准，对准；旨在；意欲aim to do sth. / aim

4、at doing sth. 目标是；旨在；意欲aim sth at 使某物瞄准; 使某物针对.equipment. 设备；装备eg. The complete equipment of the new library will take another year. 注意：equipment 是不可数名词，若表示一件设备，应用a piece of equipmentequip v. 装备；配备equip .with . eg. All cars produced nowadays are equipped _ safety belts.A. to B. by C. with D. forreac

5、t v. （化学）反应eg. Hydrogen reacts with oxygen.Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.react with 与 起反应；（化学）发生反应react to对做出反应reaction n. 反应eg. An acid can _（反应）with a base to form a salt.ordinaryeg. Dad should have been at home in the ordinary way.ordinary, common, usual, normal 之间的区别ordinary 普

6、通的，平常的，强调一般，平庸无奇What is ordinary in one place may be very strange in another.Common 普通的，常见的，强调司空见惯，也可指共同的This is a very common idiom.Usual 惯常的，惯例的，有遵循常规之意She will go home, as usual for Christmas.Normal 正常的，合乎标准的His temperature was two degrees above normal.eg. Letter boxes are much more _ in the UK t

7、han in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.A. ordinary B. common C. usual D. normalform. 形成，养成eg. Steam forms when water boils.Form the habit of 养成 的习惯Form n. 形式，形态，表格In the form of 以的形式Fill in the form 填写表格Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _

8、in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formedbalance. 天平;平衡eg. We weigh things on the balance.You need a sense of balance to ride a bike.keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balance 失去平衡balanced 平衡的a balanced diet 平衡的饮食eg. He _（失去平衡）and fell off the bike.astonish

9、ed. 吃惊的，惊愕的eg. He was astonished by his fathers appearance.be astonished to do/that 惊讶于做某事to ones astonishment 令某人惊讶的是in astonishment 惊讶地astonishing 令人吃惊的eg._（使我吃惊的是）, he was there earlier. 短语add to Addto 往添eg. Please add some salt to the soup.Add up 把加起来Add to 增加Add up to合计，总计，加起来达到eg.The total cos

10、t of the trip to England _ 9000 yuan.A. added up to B. added up C. added to D. was added at the top/ bottomAt the top of ones voice 高声地At the bottom of 在的底部From top to bottom彻底地，完全地，全部地Bottoms up!干杯From the bottom of ones heart从心底里，衷心地，真诚地be proud of 为而自豪He is proud of his daughters being admitted t

11、o Harvard University.Take pride in 为而感到自豪Be proud to do sth因做某事而感到自豪be supposed to 应该，理应You are supposed to be here ten minutes earlier for the meeting.Be supposed to do与be supposed to have doneYou are not supposed to smoke on the bus.You are supposed to have handed in your homework.Eg. The meeting

12、is to begin at 4:00 p.m. and we are _ to be there a bit earlier.A. invited B. supposed C. forced D. hopedgo ahead 去做吧，干吧，说吧，不要等，继续，请便，开始吧Eg. -May I open the window to let in some fresh air? -_!A. Come on B. Take care C. Go ahead D. Hold onputin orderIn order 按顺序，有序的，状况良好的Out of order 出故障，秩序混乱think o

13、f 想起，记得，想到，认为Think about 考虑Think of as 把看作Think highly of 高度评价Think out 想出来Think over仔细考虑used to过去常常做Be used to doing sth习惯于做Be used to do sth 被用来做某事When we were children, we _ go skating every winter. 语法及句法关于形容词和副词的比较级的用法，应注意以下具体问题：1. 表示比较的表达方式：（1） 表示倍数的三种结构： A: times as + 形容词原级 +as B: times the +

14、性质名词（size, weight, height, length）+ of C: times + 形容词比较级 + than例如：This table is 3 times as big as that one. This table is 3 times the size of that one. This table is 3 times bigger than that one. (2) 同级的比较，用 asas, the same as, suchas构成：例如：She is as tall a girl as Ann. She is such a tall girl as Ann.

15、The situation is not so/as good as we hope. She got the same mark as John did.翻译以上各句。2. 比较级的特殊用法 （1） the + 比较级, the + 比较级 越 越.例如: The more you talked, the less attention he paid to you.你说的越多，他越不注意听你讲。The longer you stay, the better (it will be). 译: (2) 比较级 + and + 比较级 越来越例如: The new city is becoming

16、 more and more beautiful. (3) the + 比较级 +of the two +名词 两者中较例如: The taller of the two boys is my brother. (4) 否定词+ 比较级 没有 比更例如: There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。He has never spent a more worrying day. 他度过了最担心的一天。 （5）no +比较级 + than

17、 的特殊含义no more than 两者都不 no lessthan 两者都很not morethan 不如 not lessthan 并不弱于3. 比较句型应注意以下几点：（1） 用介词by加数字与计量单位表示相差的程度。 例如：She is taller than I by three inches. 翻译： I missed the last train by one minutes. 翻译： （2）修饰比较级的常见修饰语有：rather, much, still, even, far, any（用于否定句或疑问句），a lot, a little, a great deal, by

18、far, a bit, three times 等。例如：The students study even harder than before. 学生学习比以前努力得多。A car runs a great faster than a bike. 翻译： （3）比较的对象不能相互包容的有：any other + 单数名词，all (the) other +复数名词，比较级 +than +anyone else, any of the other +复数名词。例如：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United

19、 States.密西西比河比美国任何其他一条河都长。China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何其他国家都大。 （4）比较的对象应该相同。例如：The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.这里的天气比上海的暖和。（天气和天气相比）China has a larger population than any other county in the world.中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。（国家与国家相比较） （5）比较状语从句中代动词的使用。两个比较对象应在同一层面

20、上比较，但从句中除助动词、情态动词和系动词be外，其他动词不能重复使用，须用动词do 的适当形式代替。不同的人或物相比，时态应相同。例如：Bob looks younger than he is. 鲍勃看上去比实际年轻。I know you better than he does. 我比他更了解你。I know you better than him. 我了解你比了解他更清楚。 （6）比较结构中的省略现象，在日常交际中，彼此都明白，比较对象往往省略。例如：A: What do you think of the film? 你认为这部电影如何？B: I have never seen a bet

21、ter one. 我从来没看过比这部更好的了。（后边省略了than this film）Toms composition, if not better（后边省略了than Jacks ），is at least as good as Jacks. 汤姆的作文，如果不比杰克好的话，至少和他的一样好。4. 常用的比较级词组：no more than 只是；不多于not more than 至多no less than 至少；起码 not less than 不少于题：下列各句中均有一处错误，找出并改正。1. There are laboratories that have all the late

22、st equipments.2. I was used to go surfing, but now I dont.3. In the last twenty hours we beat three teams.4. Im becoming more and more interested in physics, and decided that I want to study it at university.5. The more books I read, the much information I learn.选择题：1，The science lab being built in

23、our school is the former one.A. twice as big as B.twice more bigger than C.as twice big as D.the twice size of ,2，- I didnt do well in the last English contest. How about you? - . A. Ill do better next time B. I like English, though C. A lot better D. Even worse数字表达法（1）1,000以上词的表达法: 先从后向前数,每三位数加一个逗号

24、，用这个方法把数目分作若干段，再一段段的念；第一个逗号前的数为thousand, 第二million, 第三billion. 一般用作单数，若用复数形式，要用“复数形式of”。例如：4，007 four thousand and seven54,256,000 fifty-four million two hundred and fifty-six thousand14,800,000,000 hundreds of books 好几百本书thousands of young people 分数词构成法：分数词有基数词和序数词构成，基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子是1时，分母用单数，分子不

25、是1时，分母都用复数形式。例如：1/2 one-second 1/4 one-fourth 3/4 three-fourths 2/3 two-thirds 5/9 five-ninths 1/2，1/4，3/4还可表示为 1又1/2 one and half 7又3/4 seven and three quarters3又2/5 three and two-fifths 47又3/8 4. The science facilities are very good，with laboratories that have all the latest equipment. 这些科研设施非常好,实

26、验室配有最新的设备。外研 Book1 Module Six The Internet and Telecommunications 词汇表contain accesscrash keywordlog softwarebreakdown sourceaccessible datadefence createnetwork viapercentage designdocument inventionpermission militaryconcentrate definitefantastic independentessay passfrequently disadvantageaverage

27、statisticsshorten sideways 重点词汇讲解contain 包含，包括Eg. Whisky contains a large percent of alcohol.Contain 与include的区别Contain有以下三种用法：1， 指容器里面包含什么2， 某种东西里面含有某种物质3， 与include的区别为contain可只包含所有，但Include指包含部分Eg. The book contains the maps of all the countries in the world, including the maps of China and the US

28、.Eg. Youd better eat more green vegetables _ rich vitamins.A. Contained B. containing C. include D. includingcompare.比较Comparewith把和比较Compare to 把和比较 把比作Beyond/without compare 无与伦比Eg. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparing C. Compa

29、ring D. Comparedaccess n.&v. 接近；通路Have/get/obtain/gain access to Accessible adj. 可进入的；可使用的Be accessible to The books are easily accessible because all the shelves are open.Eg. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. access B. way C. p

30、assage D. approachbreakdown n. 故障,瓦 解，失败，身体或精神衰退Break down 停止运转，崩溃，感情失控Eg. Our car had a breakdown on the highway.Eg. How about your journey to Mount Emei? -Everything was wonderful except that our car_ twice on the way.A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put downcreate创造，发明Eg. We have paint

31、ed the wall red in order to create a feeling of warmth.Creation n. 发明，创造Creative adj. 有创造力的Creativity n. 创造性All men are _ equal. 人人生而平等。via通过，途经，经由Eg. The news programmes came to us via satellites. I want to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin.We flew to Athens _ Paris and Rome.design设计The h

32、ouse is designed for a large family.Be designed for/to do sthDesign to do sth计划干某事By design 有计划地，有意地Im writing a book _ adults.A. designing for B. designed for C. designing to D. designed to disadvantage缺点，不利条件Eg. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each one?Advantage 优点，优势，有利条件Take advanta

33、ge of 利用Have an advantage over sth 优于，胜过To ones advantage 对某人有利Eg. As a matter of fact, everyone has his own advantages and d_.concentrate集中（注意力、思想等）We must concentrate our attention on our study.Concentrate on 集中于Concentration n. 专心，专注；集中You will make great progress if you _ on what the teacher say

34、s in class.shorten 缩短My dress is too long. I must shorten it.Short adj. 短的Shortage n. 缺乏，短缺，不足Shortly adv. 立刻，不久Eg. With this new method, the time of the project will be s_ . We will finish it earlier than planed. 短语agree with 同意；对适宜；与一致His words do not agree with his actions.Agree to 同意建议、计划、安排等To

35、tell you the truth, I do not agree to your plan.Agree on 对取得一致意见We finally agreed on the price of the house.Eg. You look so well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _ you, I suppose.A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree aboutas well 也Eg. Come early and bring your brother as well.at the

36、 moment此时，目前She is very busy at the moment.For the moment 暂时，目前For a moment 一会儿，片刻In a moment 一会儿，马上The moment 一就The classroom is big enough _, but we have to move if we have more students.A. for the moment B. for a moment C. in a moment D. the momentbecome known as作为而出名Jay Chou is well known as a g

37、ifted e up with提出She came up with a new suggestion to solve the problem.Eg. -Have you _ some new ideas? - Yeah, Ill tell you later.A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come outconsist of 由组成，构成This club consists of more than 200 members.同意短语：Be made up ofBe composed of The committ

38、ee _ 12 old people.注：该短语不用语被动语态和进行时态。instead of代替，而不是，后面可以接名词、代词、V-ing、介词短语The economy is shrinking instead of growing.Instead adv. 代替，相反She stayed at home and her sister went riding instead.Last night, he didnt went home at the usual time. _, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.A. Mea

39、nwhile B. However C. Instead D. Yettake out 扣除，去掉Please check your essay very carefully and take out words which are not necessary. 语法及句法考点一：合成词 合成词由两个词或更多的词构成。它包括：合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词等。1.合成名词：1）名词+名词：space-ship (宇宙飞船)2）动名词+名词： washing-room (洗手间)，reading-room(阅览室)3）形容词+名词：top-speed(高速)4）动词+名词：pickpocket

40、(扒手)5）动词+副词：break-up (终止)6）名词+动名词：handwriting (书法)7）副词+动词：out-break (发生)8）名词+介词+名词：daughter-in law (儿媳)9）介词+ 名词：by-product (副产品) 2.合成形容词：合成形容词是由两个或两个以上的词构成的，在词性上是形容词词性的就是复合形容词。通常合成形容词被看作是一个单词，常放在所修饰的词的前面。1) 形容词+现在分词： ordinary-looking (相貌一般的)2) 形容词+名词+ed: warm-hearted (热心肠的)3) 副词+动词的过去分词：well-known (

41、著名的)4) 名词+动词现在分词： peace-loving (热爱和平的)5） 名词+动词过去分词：man-made (人造的)6）名词+形容词： duty-free (免费的)7）数词+名词的ed形式： three-legged (三条腿的)8）数词+名词+形容词：( one )hundred-metre-long (bridge)(百米长的)9）副词+动词的现在分词： hard-working (努力工作的)10）特殊的、不常见的复合形容词：never-to-be-forgotten(忘不了的) 1试翻译下列合成词：1) fairy tale_2)keyboard_ 3)观光_ 4) s

42、horthand_ 5)starting point_ 6)downfall_7)outbreak_ 8)best-seller_9)touch-me-not_10)热心肠的_11)heart-broken_12)ice-cold_13)second-hand_14)take-away_答案：1、1)神话； 2)键盘； 3) sightseeing 4)速写； 5)起点； 6)衰落； 7)爆发 8)畅销书； 9)凤仙花 10)warm-hearted 11)伤心欲绝的； 12)冰冷的； 13)二手的； 14)可带走的定冠词和零冠词冠词是放在名词前面的一个辅助词，以限制名词的含义。它分为不定冠词

43、和定冠词。冠词的用法比较灵活和多样。不同的语法书都有详细的解释。今结合新教材，大致讲解以下。1定冠词the的用法： 定冠词的最基本的用法是用于特指某些人或某些物。另外，它还有以下用法： 1）表示世界上独一无二的名词前：the universe, the Great Wall, the world, the sun, the moon, the Internet 2)在单数可数名词前，表示类别： The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 3）在某些形容词前，表示“一类人”： The rich are cruel. 为富不仁。 4）在含有普通名词的专有名词（国名，组织机构名称，建筑物名称）前。 the Peoples Republic of China, the United Nations, the White House2不用冠词的情况（Zero Article） 1)专有名词（国名、