2017高考英语二轮复习 专题7 阅读理解_4

1 类型 1| 人物传记 考查要点 方法技巧 1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。 2人物的重大、有影响的经历。 3人物最杰出的功绩、贡献、成就。 4人物成长的时代背景。 1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。 2理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及 结果。 3感悟人物的情感和心理活动。 (2016全国乙卷A) You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(18601935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (19071964) If it werent for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans. Sandra Day OConnor (1930present) When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (19132005) On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a 2 year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in， ” said Parks. 21What is Jane Addams noted for in history? AHer social work. BHer teaching skills. CHer efforts to win a prize. DHer community background. 22What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm? AHer lack of proper training in law. BHer little work experience in court. CThe discrimination against women. DThe poor financial conditions. 23Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.? AJane Addams. BRachel Carson. CSandra Day OConnor. DRosa Parks. 24What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? AThey are highly educated. BThey are truly creative. CThey are pioneers. DThey are peacelovers. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了 100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先 驱。 长难句解读：If it werent for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today. 分析：本句为含有条件状语从句的复合句，使用了虚拟语气。 翻译：如果不是 Rachel Carson的话，今天的环保活动就可能不会存在。 21A 细节理解题。根据 Jane Addams下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助 的人都要感谢 Jane Addams)”可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，故 选 A项。 22C 细节理解题。根据 Sandra Day OConnor下的第一句中“she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工 3 作，是因为她是一名女性，这与 C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选 C项。 23D 细节理解题。根据 Rosa Parks下的“.it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权 运动，故选 D项。 24C 推理判断题。通读全文可知文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱，都 在各自领域中做出了巨大贡献，故选 C项。 A (2016河南省六市第一次联考) Did you know that Albert Einstein could not speak until he was four years old，and could not read until he was seven？His parents and teachers worried about his mental ability. Beethovens music teacher said about him, “As a composer(作曲家) he is hopeless.” What if this young boy had believed it? When Thomas Edison was a young boy，his teachers said he was so stupid that he could never learn anything.He once said， “I remember I used to never be able to get along at school.I was always at the foot of my class.My father thought I was stupid，and I almost decided that I was a stupid person.”What if young Thomas had believed，what they said about him? When the sculptor (雕刻家) Auguste Rodin was young，he had difficulty learning to read and write.Today，we may say he had a learning disability.His father said of him， “I have an idiot (白痴 ) for a son.” His uncle agreed.“Hes uneducable， ” he said.What if Rodin had doubted his ability? Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper editor because he was thought to have no “good ideas”Enrico Caruso was told by one music teacher， “You cant sing.You have no voice at all.” And an editor told Louisa May Alcott that she was unable to write anything that would have popular appeal. What if these people had listened and become discouraged? What would our world be without the music of Beethoven，the art of Rodin or the ideas of Albert Einstein and Walt Disney? As Oscar Levant once said， “Its not what you are but what you dont become that hurts.” 4 You have great potential.When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot become，you will find your place on earth. 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章列举了爱因斯坦、贝多芬、爱迪生等七个名人成功的故 事，他们都曾得到别人较低的评价，但最终成功实现了自己的梦想；“相信自己”是他们 成功的关键。 1How many successful people are mentioned as examples in the passage? ASix. BSeven. CEight. DNine. B 细节理解题。文章第一段列举了爱因斯坦的故事，第二段讲述了贝多芬的故事， 第三段提到了爱迪生的故事，第四段讲述了奥古斯特罗丹的故事，第五段提及了沃 特迪士尼、恩里科卡鲁索、路易莎梅阿尔科特的故事，共列举了七个著名人物， 故 B项正确。 2Whats the meaning of the underlined sentence “Hes uneducable”？ AHe cant be taught. BHe is very clever. CHe is different. DHe is a late success. A 句意理解题。根据第四段他的父亲和他的叔叔对他的评价“I have an idiot(白 痴)for a son”“His uncle agreed”可知，他们都认为他是白痴；据此可以推断，该句意 为“他是教不会的” ，故 A项正确。 3What is the best title of the passage? AWorking Hard for Success BHaving Dreams CBelieving in Yourself DSelfchallenging C 标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文前五段列举了七个名人，他们的共同点是都曾 得到别人较低的评价，后来却成功实现了自己的梦想；本文的最后一句“When you believe in all you can be，rather than all you cannot become，you will find your place on earth”为本文的主题句，据此可以推断，C 项“相信自己”最适合做本文 标题。 【导学号：85602014】 B (2016南昌市十校第二次模拟) Matthew Youlden speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a 5 dozen more.Hes what is known as a polyglot.He also studies the development of minority languages.But hes more than a polyglot.He not only uses the languages fluently，but also knows about the culture of the languages very well.He can talk to native speakers comfortably in their own languages. Matthew, who is from Manchester, England, is a language chameleon: Germans think hes German! Spaniards think hes Spanish and Brazilians think hes Portuguese. By his own account，Matthew has mastered a surprising number of languages by using abilities that we all possess：determination ，enthusiasm and openmindedness. If your classic polyglot is someone who studies languages fulltime，then Matthew is quite different.His study doesnt keep him in an ivory tower; it connects him with people all over the world. According to Matthew，the more languages you speak，the more points of view you have.He thinks each language has a certain way of seeing the world.If you speak one language， then you have a different way of analyzing and seeing the world than the speaker of another language does.Even if theyre really closelyrelated languages such as Spanish and Portuguese，they are at the same time two different worlds two different attitudes. He said， “Therefore，having learned other languages and been surrounded by other languages，I couldnt possibly choose only one language because it would mean really giving up the possibility to be able to see the world in a different way.So the monolingual(只说一种语言的 ) lifestyle，for me，is the saddest，the loneliest，and the most boring way of seeing the world.There are so many advantages of learning a language.I really cant think of any reason not to.” 本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一个会说 9种语言的人的故事。 4According to the passage，a polyglot refers to Asomeone who studies the development of languages Bsomeone who keeps a record of minority languages Csomeone who masters several languages Dsomeone who talks to foreigners fluently C 推理判断题。由第一段第一句“Matthew Youlden speaks nine languages fluently and understands more than a dozen more.”和下文的内容可推知，polyglot 6 指的是“通晓数种语言的人” 。故选 C。 5What can be inferred from the underlined part in Paragraph 2? AMatthew Youlden is very good at imitating others. BMatthew Youlden looks like the natives in appearance. CMatthew Youlden learns languages from native speakers. DMatthew Youlden uses the languages as well as the natives. D 推理判断题。由画线部分后的“Germans think hes German！Spaniards think hes Spanish and Brazilians think hes Portuguese.”可推知，Matthew Youlden是 语言变色龙，因为他使用这些语言跟当地人一样熟练，故而德国人以为他是德国人，西班 牙人以为他是西班牙人，而巴西人以为他是葡萄牙人。 6Whats Matthew Youldens attitude towards the monolingual lifestyle? ASupportive. BDoubtful. CObjective. DNegative. D 观点态度题。由最后一段中的“So the monolingual(只说一种语言的) lifestyle，for me，is the saddest，the loneliest，and the most boring way of seeing the world.”可知，Matthew Youlden 对单语言的生活方式的态度是消极的。 C (2016山西省八校第一次联考) Sevenyearold artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for 17，000 in just 14 minutes，setting the world record for the youngest successful painter. His latest paintings of landscapes(风景)，seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt.They went on sale at 9 am but were bought by 9：14 am，some by telephone from abroad. Kieron is red hotPeople are saying that he could become an alltime great artist.They want his paintings as investments(投资) because they think the price will go up. The last child artist was Picasso.And Kieron is getting better and better.The pace at which he learns is quite amazing.He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect.His work has been very unusual and impressive.His use of tone，colour and light is wonderful.The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good.He just paints when he wants.He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other sevenyearolds. 7 Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall，Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as close to the “young Picasso” The talented boy described his shows sellout success as“brilliant” “Painting is my favourite hobby but I like f