同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲(全)

同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲 总则 同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试（GET-P）是依照同济大 学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲规定、为完成教学目标而实 施的一项标准化考试。它是博士研究生公共英语课程设置的重要组 成部分。为贯彻执行教学大纲的要求、指导规范该项考试，特制订 同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲 。 一、考试目的 本考试目的是衡量同济大学博士研究生英语技能知识、检查教学效 果和成果、促进提高英语学习水平，并为评价学生学业能力提供参 考依据。 二、考试性质与范围 本考试属于标准参照性达标考试，兼顾教学检查考核。考试范围 包括同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲所规定的听、 说、读、写四个方面的能力及知识。 三、考试时间、对象与命题 本考试每学期举行一次，在学期期末、学生完成两门英语课程学 习之后进行。考试对象为除英语之外的各专业博士研究生。本考试 由外国语学院公共英语教学部负责命题、审题和阅卷，由研究生院 培养处和公共英语教学部共同负责实施。 四、考试形式 2 本考试分书面纸质考试和口试两部分；考试秉持测试的客观性和 可行性，采用有效试题形式，并保证考试的效度和信度。 五、考试内容 书面考试题项包含三部分：听力理解、阅读理解和短文写作。 考试规定时间 120 分钟。 听力理解（Listening Comprehension） 1、测试要求： （a）能听懂日常交际场合中的各种英语会话和交谈。 （b）能听懂英语时事新闻的报道、报告。 （c）能听懂有关历史、文化、教育、科学等方面的英语故事和介 绍。 （d）考试时间约 20 分钟。 2、测试形式： (a) 本部分采用多项选择题形式，分两节：Section A 与 Section B，共 20 题。 (b) Section A (Listening Conversations) 由 10 个对话组成，共 10 题，题后有 10 秒间隙。 (c) Section B (Listening Passages) 由 3 篇短文组成，每篇长度约 250 单词，共 10 题，题后有 10 秒间隙。 (d) 考生须从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。听力材料的 朗读语速每分钟约 140 个单词，念一遍。 3 阅读理解（Reading Comprehension） 1、测试要求： （a）能读懂书刊、杂志、网络上的各类题材文章。 （b）能读懂文学作品和相关专业文献。 （c）能把握阅读材料的主旨意思，分辨事实细节，理解思想观点， 分析语篇结构、语言特点和修辞手法。 （d）能达到应有的阅读准确性和阅读速度的要求。 2、测试形式： （a）本部分由 5 篇阅读材料组成 , 约含 3000 个单词。 (b) 本部分采用多项选择题形式，共 20 题。 (c) 考生须从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 （d）选材包括社会、科技、文化、环境、经济、日常知识、人 物传记等。 （e）体裁包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文。 短文写作 (Essay Writing ) 1、测试要求： （a）能根据命题及要求或按照提示自己命题撰写议论、说明或 描写体裁的文章。 （b）文章长度要求 300 个单词。 （c）文章能做到主旨明确、内容充实、意思连贯、用词恰当、 4 表达得体。 2、测试形式： （a）本部分为主观书面写作，属规定字数、意思与表达须完整 的体裁短文写作。 （b）命题的背景为学生熟悉或了解；题材包括社会热点、自然 环境、经济发展、学校教育、家庭伦理、道德判断、科学思想等。 口试（Oral Test ） 口语考试题项包括两部分：看图说话与角色交谈。 看图说话 (Cartoon Description) 1、测试要求： （a）能将图片主题和情景准确或基本准确描述出来，表达流畅。 （b）语音准确，发音清晰，语调自然。语法正确，错误较少。 （c）用词恰当，词汇量较丰富。 （d）题材包括社会热点、自然环境、经济发展、学校教育、学 业职业规划、家庭伦理、道德判断、科学思想等。 2、测试形式： （a）两人一组，抽选图片，看图说话，不分先后，相互补充。 （b）说话时间为 5 分钟；准备时间 2 分钟。 角色交谈 (Role-talking) 1、测试要求： 5 （a）能根据议题和角色要求，有理有据进行即席讨论或争论， 内容充实，论述切题，语言流畅。 （b）语音正确，发音清晰，语调自然。语法正确，错误较少。 （c）用词恰当，词汇量较丰富。 （d）题材包括社会热点、自然环境、经济发展、学校教育、学 业职业规划、家庭伦理、道德判断、科学思想等。 2、测试形式： （a）两人一组，抽选话题，角色交谈，不分先后，相互补充。 （b）说话时间为 5 分钟；准备时间 2 分钟。 六、答题和计分 （a）听力和阅读做在规定的标准答题卷上，作文做在提供的空 白卷上。凡做在试题卷上的答案一律无效。 （b）答题用钢笔或圆珠笔书写。考试时不得使用词典及其他工 具书。 （c）成绩用百分制计分。书面考试满分 75 分，考试的题型、题 数、计分、时间见表一；口语考试满分 25 分，评分标准见表二。 同济大学外国语学院公共英语教学部制订 2009 年 6 月 5 日 6 试卷设计参照表 （表一） 序号 题号 各部分 名称 题型 题数 计分 比重 考试 用时 （分钟） 1-1011-20 听力理解 1-10 对话 11-20 短文 3 篇 客观题 20 25 25% 20 1-20 阅读理解 5 篇 客观题 20 25 25% 50 短文写作 主观题 1 25 25% 50 口试 1 25 25% 10 合计 40+1+1 100 100% 120（试卷） +10（口试） 口语考试评分标准参照表 （表二） 描述能力 交谈能力 评论能力 语音语调 语法词汇 优秀 2521 能将图片的 绝大部分内 容准确描述 出来，表达 流畅。 能根据所规 定情景、角 色和题目， 流畅地进行 交谈交流。 观点切题， 论述丰富， 逻辑合理。 语音准确， 发音清晰， 语调自然。 语法正确，错误很 少，交际顺畅；用 词恰当，词汇量丰 富。 良好 2016 能将图片的 主要内容准 确描述出来， 表达比较流 畅。 能根据所规 定情景、角 色和题目， 进行交谈交 流 观点较切题， 论述较丰富， 逻辑较合理。 语音较准确， 发音较清晰， 语调较自然 无明显语法错误， 无交际困难；用词 比较恰当，词汇量 较为丰富。 合格 1512 能将图片的 基本内容描 述出来，表 达基本流畅。 能根据所规 定情景、角 色和题目， 大致地进行 交谈交流 观点基本切 题，论述基 本丰富，逻 辑基本合理。 语音基本准 确，发音基 本清晰，语 调基本自然。 有若干明显语法错 误，无明显交际困 难；用词基本恰当， 词汇量尚可。 不合格 110 描述漏误严 重，表达不 无法根据所 规定情景、 观点离题， 论述单薄， 语音不准确， 发音不清晰， 有明显严重语法错 误，交际困难；用 项 目等 级 7 流畅。 角色和题目， 进行基本交 谈交流 逻辑混乱。 语调不自然。 词错误比较多，词 汇量较小。 考试样卷 Proficiency Examination for Doctoral Students Part I Listening Comprehension（25%） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 oclock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours.” is the correct answer. You should choose D) on the answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. 1. A) He doesnt have much time for tennis. B) He is enthusiastic about his new courses. C) He plays tennis better than she does. D) He isnt very interested in his schoolwork. 2. A) Peter got the booklet for the man. B) Peter will help the man prepare. C) The man thinks Peter will do well in the test. D) The man will pick up Peter after the test. 3. A) The book of his dictionary fell apart when he dropped it. B) He had read the novel without help in the fall. C) He needed to look up some words to comprehend the novel. D) His French teacher helped him with the vocabulary. 4. A) It wont be any different from the others. B) It will be usually mild. C) It wont affect the hunters. D) It will probably be cold this winter. 8 5. A) He is likely to help. B) He has already been asked for help. C) He doesnt know a lot about computer. D) He was the last one to use the computer. 6. A) They are soaked in the rain on their way to the concert. B) They missed the concert because of the rain. C) They will dry off their clothes immediately before the concert starts. D) They will change their clothes a few minutes before the performance starts. 7. A) Make sure if he had left his book in the lobby. B) Check if he had left his book in the desk downstairs. C) Check if his book can be found at the lost-and-found information desk. D) Check all the desks downstairs. 8. A) He doesnt want to attend the graduation ceremony. B) Hes attended only one graduation ceremony. C) The woman doesnt have to attend the graduation ceremony. D) Attendance is taken at the graduation ceremony. 9. A) Exchange some currency. B) Not to submit the old letter of reference. C) Submit a letter of reference recently. D) Make an appointment with the professor. 10. A) He wonders about the usefulness of the protest. B) He thinks the present tuition is fair. C) He doesnt know how many students protested. D) He doesnt know how much the school charges for tuition. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard: 11. A) An original document. B) A literary work. C) A social art. D) An individuals creation. 12. A) Because they are not easily burned and can last longer. B) Because marble adds artistic value to ancient buildings. C) Because they are adaptable to industrial use. D) Because they are cheaper. 13. A) Architecture as Mountains. B) Development of Architecture. 9 C) Architecture and Literature. D) The Renaissance and Architecture. Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard: 14. A) They will find out what its people like. B) They will argue in favor of this country and the language. C) They will know the country and its people better. D) They will like its inhabitants and their language. 15. A) It is from second-hand information. B) It is gathered from other sources than from its inhabitants. C) It is from the arguments about the country. D) It is different from what one had before the travel. 16. A) Differences between people will gradually disappear. B) Differences between people will not exist as one hopes. C) Differences between people do exist even though different nationalities behave exactly alike. D) Differences between people will always continue to exist and the world will be a dull place. Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard: 17. A) It was discovered halfway between India and China. B) It was not on the map in the early nineteenth century. C) It has developed rapidly since the nineteenth century. D) It was discovered by a man on the way to the Far East. 18. A) The island was a sandy place. B) Not many people lived on the island. C) There were a lot of pirates on the island. D) The people had been chased away by rats and insects. 19. A) The pirates owned the island. B) The pirates were very violent people. C) The pirates came to the island to die. D) The local inhabitants had been killed by the pirates. 20. A) He felt that he was alone. B) He realized he had made a mistake. C) He had doubts about its future wealth. D) He thought that it would definitely become a rich city. II. Reading Comprehension(25%) Passage 1 On December 14th, university researchers were due to find out what their colleagues really thought about them, with the publication of the results of a five-yearly assessment of research. 10 Since money depends on the results, everybody is watching keenly. The results divide research into what is world-class and what is not. They show that British research, ranked among the best in the world, has further improved since it was last examined. More than half of researchers are bassed in departments containing work of international excellence, compared with a third in 1996. Britain now ranks first in the world in terms of the numbers of publications and citations. Six years ago, British-based researchers wrote 11% of the most frequently cited papers; that figure has since risen to 18%. Despite such tributes from their peers, many academics still argue that more does not necessarily mean better. Academics may rush work into print merely to meet the artificial deadline of the five year cycle, rather than spend longer producing the sort of great magnum opus that used to distinguish disciplines such history and English. Part of the improved performance is due to universities playing games to maximize their research income. Universities included only their top researchers in this years exercise, in order to keep their average marks up. Even so, there is no doubt that much of the improvement is genuine. After the 1996 exercise, universities were stung by criticism that British judges were deeming university departments to be internationally excellent without canvassing opinion from outside Britain. This time, international opinion was sought and, in all but 3% of cases, it confirmed the judgment of the British panels. The dramatic improvement has taken the government by surprise. It uses the results to determine how it spends 1.4 billion (2 billion) each year, discriminating between excellent research, which it rewards, and less impressive work, which it does not. The bill for rewarding the improvement is 200 million and no money has been set aside for paying it. Margaret Hodge, the minister for higher education, has told universities that they must live within the original budget. That university research has flourished during a time when the public funding for higher education has not kept pace with the expansion in student numbers is a testament to the importance of research to universities. A separate study has found that universities use the money which overseas students pay in tuition fees to subsidize research. It is no coincidence that those producing the best research also have a high proportion of overseas students. Kudos and cash go hand in hand. 1. Why are university researchers so deeply concerned with the assessment results? A) Because by the results they can find out their colleagues opinion of them. B) Because the results determine how much fund they can get for their researches. C) Because the five year assessment decides who will be promoted to world-class researcher. D) Because the results shows the rank of British researchers in the world academic circle. 2. Many academics insist that the high number of publications and citations _. A) contributes to the enhancement of academic studies in Britain B) is a recognition of the British researchers work C) will encourage the British researchers to further their academic efforts D) may exert negative influence on the British researchers 3. In the fourth paragraph the author pointed out that _. A) universities play dirty tricks in the assessment to get more research grant B) more and more people doubt the authenticity of the improvement 11 C) British judges were unfair in the 1996 evaluation D) in the latest assessment international opinion refutes the judgment of the British panels 4. The British government was surprised by the results because _. A) the improvement was really remarkable B) the results uncover how the 1.4 billion research fund was spent C) the results help to tell the world-class researches from the national ones D) the government is short of money to reward the excellent research Passage 2 Industry should get rid of half its bosses, says behavioral psychologist Alfred J. Marrow. “Adults are quite capable of handling their lives outside their homes, at their jobs,” Marrow said in an interview. They need fewer supervisors and managers, not more. As president of the American Board of Professional Psychology and former Commissioner of Human Rights of New York City, hes heard the complaint from working people over and over again: too many bosses. If a shirt manufacturers customers are returning merchandise because the collars are crooked, he said, the people who make the shirts are more likely than management to identify the problem quickly if they get together to talk about it. But if the boss comes on as an opponent, bawling them out for bad work and threatening to or actually firing some, the remaining workers will probably react angrily and work will suffer. He recalled an insurance company in Hartford, Conn., that got about 50,000 pieces of mail every morning. One person was assigned to slit the envelopes, starting at 6 a.m. When a meeting was called to discuss the frequent turnover of employees in that job, one worker suggested that the starting hour be changed to 7:30, and the one person to a team of four or five. The solution worked, Marrow said, because one person was no longer stuck with a boring and lonely job for four to five hours. The work got done in one hour, and the people who did it were then given more varied and interesting clerical duties the remainder of the day. Thats called “job enrichment.” More American companies are turning to it because surveys show its No. 1 on employees lists of importance: “Not wages, not hours. They are fifth, sixth, seventh,” Marrow said. Job enrichment and employee participation gain the support of top organizations because they are good for production and reduce staff turnover, he said. For employees who have not yet discovered they can actually influence management, he suggests: If you have a problem or objectives that will be good for the company, first discuss them with your coworkers. “Get together as many people as you want, but dont force any to join you. this is not what a guidance committee is for. “If you have six in ten who are willing to speak to the boss, youre likely to be successful. Tell the others, We wont involve you, but youre welcome to join us later if you want to.” Marrow said it is best for all who share the same views and objectives to be present when the presentation is made. “A spokesperson almost always gets back to a one-to-one basis again,” and loners are losers, he said. You have to give each person a sense of involvement, although a group that grows 12 beyond 25 persons puts many in a passive position, which isnt good. One big corporation solved that problem by calling meetings of 20 persons each, for a total of 400 meetings of one hour each over about three months. Marrow said it cost the company about 8,000 production hours and $40,000 in time lost, but if it resulted in 1% improvement in company production, it saved the company more than $1 million in costs. At the beginning of this century, two industrial engineers recommended job simplification to increase production. “It took us 50 years to find out that doesnt work,” Marrow said. “Most stress in peoples lives comes from their jobs. Problem-solving and job enrichment are preventive medicine. They eliminate stress. People in jobs are just beginning to realize that (a good) salary isnt enough to pay for heartbreak on the job.” 5. According to the article, the people most likely to identify the cause of a defect in a product are _. a. the salesmen b. the top management c. the workers who made the product d. the customers 6. What the worker really suggested about the slitting of envelopes is that _. a. the person assigned to do the job alone should work fewer hours b. he should start to do it at 7:30 c. four or five people should be assigned to do the job together so as to finish it in fewer hours d. both a and b 7. A worker who has an idea that will be good for the company should _. a. speak first to the boss about it b. speak first to his fellow workers about it c. wait for the right moment to speak to the boss about it d. speak to the bosss boss about it 8. The authors chief purpose is _. a. to inform us that people are dissatisfied with their wages and hours b. to explain that job enrichment and employee participation improve production c. to suggest that bosses hinder production more than they help it d. to persuade us to carry out greater job simplification Passage 3 Some people are accustomed to think that facts must either be believed or they must be disbelieved as if belief were like a light switch with only two positions, on or off. My use of the bathtub hoax is intended to illustrate that belief does not have to operate as a simple yes or no choice, all or nothing. Belief can be more conditional; it can be something that we decide to have “up to a point” or “to a degree.” And so, the question we might ask ourselves while reading does not have to be “Should I believe it?” but instead can be “How much should I believe it?” This latter question implies that the belief we have in any given fact, or in any given idea, is not determined by whether it sounds right or whether the so