支原体肺炎课件_7

1 Mycoplasma Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaehyopneumoniae 猪支原体肺炎猪支原体肺炎 (Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine MPSMPS ) ) Enzootic Pneumonia (EP)Enzootic Pneumonia (EP) 猪支原体肺炎猪支原体肺炎 一、Overview 概 述 二、Pathogens病 原 三、Epidemiology流 行 病 学 四、Clinical signs 症 状 五、lesions 病 变 六、Diagnose诊 断 七、Control 防 制 2 Overview Overview 概概 述述 本病又称猪地方流行性肺炎，俗称猪气喘病， 是由猪肺炎支原体引起猪的一种慢性呼吸道传染 病。主要症状为咳嗽和气喘，病变的特征是肺的 尖叶、心叶、中间叶和膈叶前缘呈肉样或虾肉样 实变。 3 4 M. hyo DiseaseM. hyo Disease猪猪支原体肺炎支原体肺炎 nFirst isolated from pig lungs in 1965 n1965年首次在猪肺脏中分离 nOne of the most common and economically important diseases n最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一 nA complex interaction between M. hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation. n主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染 、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。 5 M. hyo DiseaseM. hyo Disease nOne of the primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) n引起PRDC 的原发病原之一 nAffects as many as 99% of U.S. herds n99的美国猪群都有感染 nWorld-wide significance n世界范围内养猪生产中流行 6 M. hyo diseaseM. hyo disease nEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds. n不同猪群的经济影响差异较大 nDependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases, etc. n取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况 等。 nA MOVING TARGET. 7 M. hyo DiseaseM. hyo Disease nReduced average daily gain (ADG) n降低日增重 nReduced feed efficiency (FE) n降低饲料报酬 nIncreased medication costs n增加药物成本 nIncreased cull or light-weight pigs n增加淘汰或低体重的猪 8 9 M. hyo Economic LossesM. hyo Economic Losses nM. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,1985) n肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7%和饲料报酬 13.8% 10 EpidemiologyEpidemiology流流 行行 病病 学学 nTransmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contact n猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触 nTransmission between farms: movement of infected pigs n猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动 nAerosol between farms: Britain 3.2 km n猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里 11 Clinical signs include:Clinical signs include:临床临床症状症状 M. hyo DiseaseM. hyo Disease nchronic cough (often dry or nonproductive) n慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳） nhigh morbidity and low mortality n高发病率和低死亡率 nuneven groups of pigs n猪群内生长不整齐 12 M. hyo diseaseM. hyo disease nPeak prevalence in Finisher because of: n在育肥期多发的原因： nLong incubation period：潜伏期长 nSlow spread传播缓慢 nIncreased animal density养殖密度加大 nPresence of other organisms其他致病菌的出现 13 M. hyo PathogenesisM. hyo Pathogenesis病变病变 nM. hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.paralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus. n支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折 断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。 Only attaches to tracheobronchial cilia A mucosal pathogenA mucosal pathogen 15 16 17 M. hyo PathogenesisM. hyo Pathogenesis nThere is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990) n破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能 18 19 M. hyo DiseaseM. hyo Disease Secondary bacterial infections:继发细菌感染 nPasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌 nActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌 nStreptococcus suis链球菌 nHaemophilus parasuis副嗜血杆菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping” 20 M.hyo DiseaseM.hyo Disease nThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabies (PRV), PRRS，PCVII n还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括猪流感病 毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型 21 22 23 Mycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control Mycoplasma hyopneumonia: Control and Preventionand Prevention 猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治猪支原体肺炎的控制与防治 24 M. hyo Control and PreventionM. hyo Control and Prevention nMedication药物 nManagement管理 nVaccination免疫 25 M. hyo MedicationM. hyo Medication nAntibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections. n田间条件下，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要 用于控制继发感染。 26 M. hyo MedicationM. hyo Medication nLincomycin: results inconsistent n林可霉素 nTiamulin: results inconsistent n支原净 nQuinolones: show some promise n喹喏酮类 nFlorfenicol: shows some promise n纽弗罗 nAivlosin: results are good n爱乐新 27 M. hyo MedicationM. hyo Medication nOne problem with any medication program is that once the medication is removedthe disease can begin to cause problems again. n一旦停药，疾病复发 28 M. hyo Prevention and ControlM. hyo Prevention and Control Management factors are important 管理十分重要 nAll-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management technique n全进全出是最好的管理方式 nNo more than 3 weeks spread in age n年龄差距不要超过3周 nMedicated Early Weaning (MEW) has been shown to help control the MPS disease n早期药物断奶有一定帮助 29 M. hyo Prevention and ControlM. hyo Prevention and Control Management factors (continued) nSegregated Early Weaning (SEW) has shown merit n早期隔离断奶也有一定好处 nVaccination免疫 nOptimize density and proper ventilation n合理化密度，保持良好通风 30 M. hyo Prevention and ControlM. hyo Prevention and Control Key to an effective program to control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine 控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗 31 M. hyo VaccinesM. hyo Vaccines nBecause the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for