高考英语 阅读限词回答问题真题特色题型分类讲解.docVIP

2013高考英语真题特色题型详解阅读限词回答问题一、(2013天津卷)第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 my name is clara. i still remember that chilly december day, sitting in science class. id finished a worksheet early and picked up a time for kids magazine. a piece of news caught my eye: nasa was holding an essay contest to name its mars rover(火星探测器).before i even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, curiosity. i couldnt want for the bell to ring so i could get started on my essay. that afternoon, i raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached. “curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyones mind.” five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face. on august 5,2012,at 10:31 p.m, the rover named curiosity touched down safely on the surface of mars, and i was honored to have a front-row seat in nasa. curiosity is such an important part of who i am. i have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. i remember as a little girl, my grandmother and i would sit together in the backyard for hours. shed tell me stories and point out the stars, grandma lived in china, thousands of miles away from my home in kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. they were always there, yet there was so much i didnt know about them. thats what i love so much about space. people often ask me why we go to faraway places like mares. my answer is simple because were curious. we human beings do not just hole up in one place. we are constantly wondering and trying to find out whats over the hill and beyond the horizon.56. how did clara get the new about the essay contest?( no more than 10 words)57. why did clara have a front-row seat in nasa?( no more than 10 words)58. what does clara remember about the time spent with grandma?( no more than 15 words)59. what does the underlined phrase “hole up” mean?(1 word)60. in your opinion, why is curiosity important?( no more than 20 words)56.【答案】by reading a time for kids magazine. or: from a time for kids magazine【解析】根据文章第一段第二句话id finished a worksheet early and picked up a time for kids magazine可知答案。57.【答案】she won the essay contest held by nasa. or: she named the mars rover “curiosity”. or: “curiosity” was chosen as the name of the mars rover.【解析】题干关键信息为a front-row seat in nasa告诉我们答案在第四段，根据第四段the rover named curiosity并结合第二段中的curiosity is an可知答案。58.【答案】she sat together with grandma listening to her stories about stars. or: her grandma told her stories about stars. or: they sat together talking about stars.【解析】根据文章倒数第二段i remember as a little girl, my grandmother and i would sit together in the backyard for hours. shed tell me stories and point out the stars可知答案。59.【答案】stay/ remain/ live/ hide【解析】结合语境：我们人类不能老呆在一个地方。60.【答案】curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or inventions. or: with curiosity, we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown. or: curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.【解析】开放型问题。读懂文章，不难回答，回答时需把握文章主题，并进行概括提炼，合理回答。二、(2013上海卷)section ddirections: read the passage carefully. then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.a study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. the researchers form the university of bristol used google ngram viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.they found that almost all of the categories (类别) showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.“it is a steady and continuous decrease,” said dr alberto acerbi. he assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “one thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. maybe these mediamovies, radio, dramahad more emotional content than books.”although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal plos one, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.during the roaring twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. but the ratio plunged at the height of the second world war. nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. in the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.“it has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary elizabethan english life that increased demand for writing filled with romance and sex perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.”(note：answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words.)本篇是一篇关于文学作品中词汇用量研究的科普文章。开篇首段即提出一个研究结论：在各种类型的书籍中，表达情感的词汇用量在下降。第二段对上文进行补充，强调单单表达恐惧的词汇用量呈上升趋势。紧接着第三段中给出了造成这种情绪词汇下降的原因新媒体（电影、广播、戏剧）的崛起。第四、五、六段进一步探讨了新话题：表示快乐的词汇用量与表示悲伤的词汇用量这两者的比率，能间接反映出历史事件和历史趋势。81. a study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except _.【答案】in the category of fear【解析】细节理解题。首先根据题干关键词a study of more than, decline, “mood words”定位至第一段第一句与第二段首句。接着题干中的except一词表示转折，表示与先前描述不符的情况，顺势与第二段末句内容 “only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.”相对应，表明除了in the category of fear，其余的情况情感用词都在下降。所以，正确答案填in the category of fear。82. according to dr alberto acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that _.【答案】the literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape/ other mediamovies, radio, dramahad more emotional content【解析】细节理解题。该题目要求考生找出感情用词下降现象的产生原因，而第三段主要内容都是在解释该现象的产生原因。再根据题干人名dr alberto acerbi定位至第三段第二句。explained by后即为所填内容，整合后答案可为“the literary position has changed in a crowded media landscape”。同时也可定位至第三段最后一句，表明其他类型的媒介如电影、广播、戏剧能承载更多的情感内容，经整合后答案是 “other mediamovies, radio, dramahad more emotional content”。83. what were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest? 【答案】during the roaring twenties and before the recent financial crash.【解析】细节理解题。由题干关键词 “joy-to-sadness ratio” 定位至第五段首句，意为在“during the roaring twenties”比率达至顶峰，这种情形直到 “before the recent financial crash”才又一次出现。所以 “reached a peak”前面的主语与“until”后的内容即为所要求填写的内容，整合后答案是 “during the roaring twenties and before the recent financial crash.”。84. while the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that _.【答案】their research result reflected wider social trends/ songs and books reflected the real population【解析】细节理解题。题干表明研究人员态度有一种转折，由此定位至第五段末句。其中 “held a reserved opinion”与题干中 “were not sure”相对应，则答案即可完善为“their research result reflected wider social trends”。同时因为文章第六段是对第五段观点的具体展开说明，所以亦可定位至第六段最后一句，意为研究者不能确定歌曲和书籍是否反映出了真实人口数，即答案也可以是 “songs and books reflected the real population”。三、(2013湖南卷)section b (10 marks)directions: read the following passage. answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.“lets talk”：the free advice projecta few weeks ago, i took a walk around washington square park. i met all the usual people：street performers, the pigeon guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony. but off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice.a week or two later, i set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.lisa podell, 32, started the free advice project this past may. it began as an experiment；she sat in washington square park for a day with a sign that read “free advice” as a simple way to reach out to people. podell was astonished at the strong response.podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial. people learn from herbut she also learns from them.she says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers.having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process.sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way.podell simply strives to provide people with perspective.i asked if there is a future plan for the free advice project.podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in new york, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.it was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in new yorkwhere it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen.81. in what way was podell different from other people in the park? (no more than 6 words) (2 marks) _82. what do people in need expect podell to do? (no more than 10 words) (3 marks) _83. according to podell, what should people do when making decisions? (no more than 6 words) (2 marks)_84. how would podell promote her project in new york? (no more than 15 words) (3 marks) _81. she was giving free advice.82. they expect her to listen and provide real answers.83. they should talk things out.84. she would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers.81.本题题目难度不高但是定位不太容易，需要考生具备熟练的定位能力和清晰的思维。根据podell第一次出现定位到第三段，但是本段并没有出现其different之处(也可根据podell为高频词无法定位而选用different from定位)，different出现在第一段最后but off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice.再通过第二段的a week or two later, i set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length.和第三段开头lisa podell, 32, started the free advice project this past may可知a woman就是podell，故答案为：she was giving free advice. 82.根据people in need 和expect定位到and they expect her not only to listen, but also to provide real answers. 由于字数限制，这里需要将答案改为简单句：they expect her to listen and provide real answer. 83.根据making decision定位到podell believes that talking things out is important in the decision-making process. 得出答案为：they should talk things out. 84.根据new york定位到尾段podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in new york, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city.由于字数限制可将从句合并到简单句中变成： she would promote it to each public space with the help of volunteers.四、(2013江西卷)第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。1 fishing is probably the worlds most popular sport. people spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. in addition, they spend money on fishing equipment , bait, fuel and boat repairs. and you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.2 supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby. firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families. they catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species (种类).3 secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. they spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation (食宿) and airfares. this money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year.4 thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. people who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near - except for the smell of the bait !5 those who _ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. this could lead to the dying out of some species. modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young.6 those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. once hooked, fish have no chance of escape.76.what is the main idea of the passage ? (no more than 4 words)_77.according to paragraph 2 , why does fishing cause little danger to the species ?(no more than 8 words)_78.list 4 items on which people spend their money for fishing. (no more than 7 words)_79.fill in the blank in paragraph 5 with proper words.those who _ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers, lakes, streams and oceans.80.what does the word “which” (line 1, paragraph6) probably refer to ? (no more than 3 words)_ 本文是一篇说明文。文章陈述了人们对“钓鱼”的两种不同态度。支持者认为钓鱼是一种非常好的爱好，数百万人从中获得乐趣，可以养家糊口，促进经济发展，还能放松身心，释放压力；反对者认为钓鱼破坏环境，是一项血淋淋的杀戮。76.【答案】different views on fishing【解析】主旨大意题。第一段提出钓鱼这项运动，最后两句提出钓鱼爱好者与反对者对钓鱼的两种不同的看法。下文就详细说明这两种不同的看法。译出，文章的主要内容就是人们对钓鱼的不同看法。77.【答案】fishing lovers catch fish found in large numbers【解析】细节理解题。根据“they catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species (种类)”可以得出答案。将原文的定语从句简化成过去分词短语作定语。78.【答案】boats, vehicles, fishing equipment, bait, boat repairs, accommodation and airfares.(列出其中四项即可)【解析】细节理解题。根据“people spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. in addition, they spend money on fishing equipment , bait, fuel and boat repairs.”可以直接得到答案。79. 【答案】disagree with fishing(are against fishing)【解析】 补全信息题。结合其他段落，这个补全信息题就是根据第五段的主题句。第五和第六段都是讲的反对钓鱼的人所持的观点因此，应补全为：反对钓鱼/不同意钓鱼的那些人。80. 【答案】a blood sport【解析】词意指代题。分析“which”所在的句子可知，句子的主语是“those say that it is a blood sport”，“which”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“a blood sport”因此“which”指代的就是“a blood sport”。句意：反对者还说钓鱼是一项血淋淋的运动，它意味着人类为了获得快乐而让动物非得死亡不可。五、(2013山东卷)第一节 阅读表达 （第76、77、80题每题3分，第78题4分，79题2分，满分15分）阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题，交答案与在答题卡相应的位置上（请注意76、77、79和80四个小题后面的词数要求）。1 jean paul getty was born in 1892 in minneapolis, minnesota. he became a millionaire when he was only 24. his father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. getty made his millions alone. he made his money from oil. he owned getty oil and over 100 other companies. the fortune magazine once called getty “the richest man in the world.”2but money _. he married five times and divorced five times. he had five children but spent little time with them. none of gettys children had very happy lives. 3getty loved to make money and loved to save it. in spite of his great wealth, getty was miser. every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. he even put pay telephone in the guests bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills. 4 in 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. gettys son asked his father for money to save his child. but getty refused. the kidnappers were merciless and gettys son made repeated requests for help from his father. finally, getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest. 5 getty started a museum at his home malibu, california. he bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. when getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. he left all his money to the museum. after his death, the museum grew in size. today it is one of the most important museums in the united states. getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art. 76. what is the main idea of paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)_77. fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words)_78. explain the underlined sentence in paragraph3. _79. what did the kidnappers do to gettys family (no more than 10 words)_80. what does the author want to tell us about getty in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)_76.【答案】jean paul getty made a fortune by himself. 【解析】段落主旨大意题。第一段没有主旨句，但是通过对整段内容的把握，我们可以看出，jean paul getty挣了很多钱，但是靠自己努力的结果，没有靠父亲的帮忙。 77.【答案】didnt bring happiness 【解析】第一个词是but，与前文形成转折关系，第一段说getty很有钱，但是第二段中说他结了5次婚，离了5次婚，并且他的孩子也都不快乐，所以应该填钱没有带来幸福。 78.【答案】although he was wealthy, he wanted to save every cent./he didnt want to waste money./he was mean. 【解析】本题是用英