英语二农大00015.doc

一、语法和词汇1、被动语态 We shall put off the meeting till Friday. The meeting will be put off till Friday. Not until 1989 was he set free. Im glad to be allowed to visit your school. He was robbed of wallet last night.2、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则、不规则变化 程度相等： He is as busy as before. 程度不相等：It is not so (as) cold today as yesterday. 许多：far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit, much. 越越：The more, the better. 最高级：The Yangtze is the longest river in China.3、介词 at表示某一时间点，地点（小）arrive at airport in表示某一时间段，地点（大）arrive in HK on表示某一天，星期几，在之上，arrive on Friday between（两个之间）与among（三个以上之间） for所朝向的目标，leave for HK（去香港） fromto，从到，from9AM to 5 PM by后面不加冠词/完成时的标志，by air, by bus By the time I got there, the film had already begun.I have been teaching for 10 years/since 1990.4、情态公司 can. Two eyes. can see more than one. They cannot have gone out because the lights on. You can go now. may. May I ask you a question?/He may have seen the movie. must. We must leave now./ She must have made a mistake. ouht. You ought to take his advice. When I got there, the film had already begun, I ought to have got there earlier. need. You neednt tell him. dare. How dare they do such a thing? should. He should learn how to drive./ He should have been there earlier.5、定语似句 关系代词：Which, who, whom, whose, that的用法 关系副词：when, why, howThat is the reason why I am not taking your advice. 介词+which/whom(仅有的两个)The girl to whom you speak is my sister.非限制性定语从句：I have three types of pens in my box, each of them writes smoothly.6、倒装句否定词在句首：Not until he told me the news, did I know he was killed lastnight. only 在句首：Only after class was he allowed to go. so, nor, neither 在句首：The first one wasnt good enough and neither wasthe second. 虚拟语气中：Had they not working so hard, they wouldnt have succeeded.Had we made up our mind, we might have succeeded.If I were you, I would consider it.7、虚拟语气：表示建议、命令、重要性等句子中使用，如suggest/insist/order/propose/require+should+动词原形，should常被省略，这些词的名词、形容词形式也一样，如They suggest that he not smoke here.Their suggestion was we all join the party. Its important that we do it.8、强调句：It+is/was（仅此两种）+that/who（人）/which（有时）9、as的用法（下册P21-26）10、一致原则、就近原则（下册P73-75）11、虚所语气（续）（下册P233-P236）二、英汉互译1、我们拥有大量的自然资源We have plenty of natural resources.2、Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the porson.The jore seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitude towards leisure as well as academic word will be encouraged. (P162)3、他在纠正学生错误时总是采取积极的态度He always takes positive attitude to correct the students mistakes.4、他的肤色与他是否是个律师无关His color of skin is not relevant to whether his is a good lawyer or not.5、Some concentrated study each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. As you work out your individual schedule, attempt to include a minimum of two study hours every day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments and projects.(P175)6、他同现代生活不合板。He is out of step wit modern life.7、Self-dsteem is what people think about themselves-whether or not they feel valued-and when family members have self-respect, pride, and belief in themselves, this high self-esteem makes it possible to tope with the everyday problems of growing up.(P225)8、每个人都应关心自己国家的未来。Everybody should be concerned about the future of his own country.9、What we dream at, night isnt as important to how we feel in the morning as the number of people who appear in our dreams. The more people, the better we feel.Our sleep influences our mood. Our mood, in turn, affects our performance. And throughout the day, our levels of mood and performance remain cosely linked. (P308)10、广义上说，任何人做的工作都对社会有益。In a broad sense, the work that anyone does is of social value.11、在商业社会里信息对每个人都有用。Information is of great value to everyone in the business world.12、门被档住了，有什么东西档在那儿。The door was blocked, there was something in the way.13、他们昨天来看你时，你在干什么？What were you doing when they came to see you yesterday.14、他通过努力工作赢得了许多人的尊敬。He earned many people respect by working hard.15、没有你的帮助，我们举取是如此巨大的成功。Without your help, we wouldnt have so great a success.三、其他练习1、I would rather stay at home than go out.2、oneself education3、I go upstairs instead of taking the life.4、I couldnt help laughing5、I spend 10 yuan on the bood.6、Spend some time/have trouble/be busy(in)(doing)sth.7、apply for 申请 application，申请表格apply to 应用applicant 申请人8、I remember being paid 我记得已经收了钱。9、I remember to pay. 我记得要去给钱的。（但并未给）Reading comprehension(阅读理解)Passage 1.Meals should be a sort of treat, not a nutritional(营养的)treatment, for your child For now, stop being an amateur nutritionist. Give her the sort of food she really enjoys. And give her only very small portions. Dont scold her if she doesnt eat everything on her plate. If shes eaten everything and wants more, give her only tiny additional portions. Never insist that she eats everything on her Plate. Remain, to the best of your ability, calm, unconcerned and indifferent to her habit of slowly picking away at her food. Instead, enjoy your own food, and pay no attention to her. Then, after about, say, 30 minutes, very calmly pick up al the plates and other crockery（陶器）from the table. Mealtime is over. Maybe your child will complain that she isnt finished yet. Pay her no heed. But do say, for example; “that”s the way its got to be. We cant stay at the table too long eating. Sorry, if youre still hungry, youll just have to wait until lunch time, or whatever the next meal is.31、According to the passage, meals should be a sort of treat. “treat” means D .A. banquetB. mismanageC. refreshmentsD. enjoyment32. If your child doesnt eat everything on her plate, D .A. 4rinsist that she eats everything on her plat B. give her only very small portionC. give her the sort of food she really enjoys.D. dont scold de33. Mealtime is over, but she isnt finished yet, as her mother, you should D .A. enjoy your own foodB. pick up all the platesC. pay no attention to herD. very calmly pick up the plates and crockery 30 minutes later34. The word “heed” here means D .A. neglectB. careC. cautionD. attention35. The passage mainly implies A .A. let the child enjoy her foodB. give everything the child wantsC. meals is a nutritional treatmentD. pay attention to the childrens foodPassage 2In order to lean a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is communication, the mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language leaner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it ”to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could, by “interacting” with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “Ill do it”. The resulting discrepancy(分歧)car serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of sing the present thence in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.36. According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much about making mistakes because A .A. communication is the primary goal of language learning B. native speakers will ignore their mistakesC. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language.D. native speakers like foreign students who try to lean their language37. According to the passage, the present tense in English is C A. used with some verbs but not with others to express future intentionB. basically the same as it is in SpanishC. not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate futureD. not the most difficult problem for foreign students38. The author thinks that language reamers can reduce the number of their mistakes by D .A. asking native speakers for explanationB. reading good books in the foreign languageC. speaking without regard to native speakersD. comparing their speech with what of native speakers39. The passage implies that foreign language students who not interact with native speakers will not A .A. latke advantage of available language modelsB. learn very much about the foreign cultureC. learn about the history of the foreign languageD. how to worry about making mistakes.40. The authors major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language learning is that D .A. mistakes are not important in the process of learning languageB. leaders are often very afraid of making mistakes.C. mistakes do not interfere with communicationD. making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language.Passage 1The students who enter a course with the best maids in qualifying examinations are not necessarily those who achieve the highest grades at college. Remember that the set work(assignments or homework) is not all that you should be doing. You must extend yourself. See that you are playing your part in trying to develop an active interest in the work.If, soon after starting a course of study, you find the work uninteresting or not what you expected, or mush too difficult, then perhaps you should be doing something else instead. However, do not give up too easily. Talk to your academic adviser or personal tutor, who will have down other students with similar problems and may reassure you or offer advice. If you wish to change to another course, there will be a time limit for doing so. Obviously, it is best if you miss no classes and the beginning of a course is especially important. The later you join a class the harder it will be fit in and to cope with the work.1. A qualifying examination is one C .A. taken during a course is studiedB. taken after a course is finishedC. taken before cantering a courseD. for those who want to enter collage2. In saying “you must extend yourself”, the writer means D A. you must take as many courses as you canB. you must develop an interest in all kinds of activitiesC. you must enter a course that may bring about a good resultD. you must take an active attitude towards your course study3. The phrase “play part in” here refers A A. make a contributionB. be concerned in C. join in D. share4. Soon after starting a course of study, a student find the work uninteresting, or not what he expected, or much too difficult, then he should B A. do something else instead B. talk to his academic adviser for advisorC. give up D. change another course5. The author seems to encourage us to D A. help others with courses they choose B. change courses within an academic yearC. miss those classes that are of no interestD. join a class as early as possiblePassage 2The water level of oceans rises and falls alternately twice a day. This movement of water is called the tide. Tides are caused by the pull of the sun and the moon on the earths surface; since the moon is closer, it affects the tides more than the sun when the moon is directly overhead, it actually pulls on the water that is below it. This causes the water level to rise because the water is pulled away from the earth. As the moon disappears over the horizon, the pull lessens and the water level settles back towards the ocean bottom.When the water reaches its highest level, we have high tide. And when the water comes to its lowest level, we have low tide. From its lowest point, the water rises gradually for about six hours until it reaches high tide. Then it begins to fall continuously for about six hours until it reaches slow tide. Then the eyele begins again.6. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? D A. the moon and oceanB. water levelsC. the pull of the moon and the sunD. the moon and the tide7. The pull of the moon on the earths surface is stronger that of the sun because A A. the moon is closer to the sunB. the moon is directly over the earthC. the moon pulls the water away from the earthD. the moon moves around the earth8. Water level reaches its low point when D A. the moon is hidden by cloudsB. the moons affect is indirectC. the sun is overheadD. the moon movers far away9. High tide occurs D A. every 6 hours B. every 24 hoursC. every 18 hours D. every 12 hours10. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true? A A. Tides are the result of the pull of the moon and the sunB. Weather sometimes affects tidesC. The force directly affecting the earths surface comes from moon onlyD. The effect of the sun on the ocean water can be neglected.Passage 1Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage of loss. The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories or loud music or other common sounds found at home and at work. A person only needs to hear the noise little more than one second to be affected.An American scientist hat found that using aspirin can increase the temporary(短暂的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise. He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing. He have them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability. He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin. The hearing loss was about two times as great.The scientist said millions of persons in the United States use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.31. Doctors have long known that A A. one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noiseB. one may not become deaf when he hears a loud noiseC. loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of young people onlyD. common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear 32. This passage suggests that ones hearing D A. will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for less than one secondB. will not be damaged if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one secondC. will not be damaged if he has little more than one second to get readyD. will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second33. has been used to increase the temporary hearing loss or damage from loud noise.A. Analgin B. Anodyne C. Sleeping pillD. Aspirin34. One conclusion you can draw from this passage is that aspirin B A. should never be taken more than four gramsB. makes hearing damage from loud noise worseC. always increases hearing loss by two timesD. can damage ones hearing when it is given more than four grams daily35. Why are millions of Americans in danger of suffering hearing loss? A A. Because they take too much aspirinB. Because they often take air tripsC. Because they like listening to loud musicD. Because they have too much loud noises at home and at workPassage 2There are thousands of free libraries about the country. The fact that everyone can use these libraries means that, as a whole, Americans have a greater opportunity to read than any other people in the world. Still, all is not as it should be.It is difficult to believe, but the hard fact is that half the citizens of our country, where nearly everyone can read, do not read one book a year. An investigation of book reading showed that for a three-year period, 48 percent of the people of the United States did not read a book and 18 percent read less than four. That means that over one hundred million Americans did very little of book reading during one of the people who didnt read books didnt red magazines either, and sixteen million did not even read the newspaper. This is a nation to which the world looks for enlightened leadership.36. form the first paragraph we lean that B A. in theory Americans have more opportunities to read but in fact they dont B. most of Americans can use their libraries free of charge but not all of them can do soC. not all the American libraries are free to admit. Some charge readers a great dealD. every American has a chance to read in a library, but he doesnt actually make use of it 37. How many citizens of America do not read one book a year? A A. Half B. 1/C.1/5D. Nearly everyone38. According to the passage, how many America did not read a book for a three-year period? D A. 90 percent of B. 20 percent of C. 50 percent of D. 48 percent of 39. How many Americans who didnt read books didnt read magazines either? B A. Over twenty millionB. Over fifty million C. Over fifteen millionD. Over sixteen million40. What does the author call on Americans to do? A A. Make good use of their libraries B. Be readers before you are to be leaders.C. Admire those who are both good readers and leadersD. Arouse those who are indifferent toward illiteracy.Cloze (10%)（完形填空）When people treat you with love. kindness, and understanding, you d