广东省新兴县惠能中学二轮复习 词义猜测题(2)课件.ppt

高考考点突破 词义猜测题 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能 因此 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型 这类题包括猜测词语意思和判断指代内容 猜测词语意思要求考生根据语境猜测生词或短语的意思 或者推断熟词生义 一 题干形式题干中常含有mean或referto 如 1 theunderlinedword inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto 2010广东 2 theunderlinedword inpara 3mostprobablymeans 2008广东 3 theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans 2009广东 4 whatdoestheunderlinedword mean 2010重庆 5 whatdoes inparagraph3referto 2010江西 二 解题方法解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词所处的上下文 也就是人们常说的语境 来推测其意思 几个小技巧 1 根据接近或递进关系 由and或or等可确定生词的义域 推知它的大致意义 2 根据选择或相对关系 对比or 要么 或者 前面和后面的句子或词语 来猜测生词的含义 3 根据同位或解释关系 通过生词后的定语 定语从句或分词短语等 表语 同位语 逗号 括号 破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思 4 根据转折或对比关系 由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义 5 根据因果关系 根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思 既可由因推果 也可由果推因 6 根据列举的实例 根据suchas forexample等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思 注意 考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思 我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思 那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案 1 2010广东 whensomethinggoeswrong itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay well it sso and so sfault or iknowi mlate butit snotmyfault thecarbrokedown itisprobablynotyourfault butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation youarealoser youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation 2 2009广东 westudiedtheboardcritically someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought however youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation thisisthewinner skeytosuccess 47 theunderlinedword remedy inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto a avoidb acceptc improved consider 1 c据上文推测 由上文 你没有能力也不可能 改变the bad situation 然而 你可以remedythesituation 根据其逻辑关系不难推出 remedy应是 改善 之意 c improve 47 theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans formedanideaforb madeanoutlineforc madesomespaceford chosesomecolorsfor 2 a据近义推测 上下句是some other 句式 whileweconjuredupourdesigns的对应部分是whiledeepinthought 可见conjuredup是deepinthought的近义表达 意为 思考 想象 故选a formedanideafor 3 2010山东 recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse however beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotbringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace 3 d据上文推测 由上文的 wealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed 很易选出d 但我们也可根据构词法来猜测 我们这过consume是动词 意为 消费 消耗 consumption应为其名词 前面加上over 超过 的over consumption应为 过度消费 过度消耗 之意 故选d 61 whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thatover consumption referto usingtoomuchpackaging b recyclingtoomanywastes c makingmoreproductsthannecessary d havingmorematerialthanisneeded d havingmorematerialthanisneeded 4 2010上海 the2010londonolympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout butonemorehasjustbeenadded acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms nowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheearth causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinternetlinkssendingliveolympicbroadcastfromlondon 72 thephrase communicationsblackout inparagraphonemostprobablyreferstoduringthe2012olympics theextinguishingoftheolympictorchb thecollapseofbroadcastingsystemsc thetransportationbreakdowninlondond thedestructionofweathersatellites 4 b据下文或构词法推测 由下文第三段 solarexplosions causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinternetlinkssendingliveolympicbroadcastfromlondon 可知 communicationsblackout的含义是 太阳风暴引起的通讯系统的瘫痪 故b b thecollapseofbroadcastingsystems 5 2010江苏 somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather sname english speakingpeopleadded sor son thejohnsonsaredescendantsofjohn therobertsfamily sancestorwasrobert 59 theunderlinedword descendants inthelastparagraphmeansaperson s a latergenerationsb friendsandrelativesc colleaguesandpartnersd latersponsors 5 a据上文或反义推测 由前两句的大意是 有的家庭是通过在祖先的名字上加字母而成的 说英语的人 在祖先的名字上 加 s或 son 而johnsons是在john后加上了sons 可见johnsons是john后 后代 故选a 另外 由此句后的并列句也可推知descendants的反义词是ancestor 6 2007山东 whenandreapetersonlandedherfirstteachingjob shefacedthedauntingtaskofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsuppliesinaclimatewherestandards basedlearningwasthefocusandmusicjustprovidedabreakforstudentsandteachers 65 theunderlineword daunting mostprobablymeans discouragingb interestingc creatived unbearable 6 a据同位解释推测 此处的of表示同位关系 其后的动名词短语是说明dauntingtask的具体内容的 没有钱买乐器 而且音乐课也不受重视 因此 这是一个令人沮丧 discouraging 的任务 故选a 7 2010江西 perhapsthedaysarelonggonewhenwemightlistenquietlytoastoryontheradio lettingimaginationtakeusintoanotherworld whatdoes thedays inparagraph3referto a imaginarylife b simplelifeinthepast c timesofinventions d timeforconstantactivity 7 b据定语推测 由when引导的定语从句可知 thedays 指的是 过去那段简朴的生活 故选b 8 2010陕西 nowitseemsthateverytimeicheckmye mail ihaveanendlessseriesofadvertisementsandothercorrespondencethatdonotinterestmeatall 57 whatdoestheunderlinedword correspondence probablymean messages b ideas c connections d programs 8 a据并列近义推测 由andother可知 correspondence与advertisements的含义比较接近 选项中与此意义接近的只有a 9 2010福建 in2005 afterthefallofthetaliban 塔利班 whichhadoutlawedtv 1in5afghanshadone 60 theunderlinedword outlawed inparagraph2probablymeans a allowedb bannedc offeredd refused 9 b据构词法推测 这是一个复合词 law表示 法律 out的含义为 在 之外 因此可以猜出outlaw的含义为 使 不合法 禁止 故选b 10 2010重庆 onemorningmorethanthirtyyearsago ienteredthetrackkitchen arestaurantwhereeveryonefromthehumblest 卑微的 tothemostpowerfulcameforbreakfast inoticedanemptychairnexttoanelderly unshavenman wholookedsomewhatdisheveled hewaswearingaworn outhatandwasalone iaskedifimightjoinhim heagreedquietlyandisatdowntohavemybreakfast 56 whatdoestheunderlinedword disheveled mean unfriendly b untidy c gentle d kind 10 b据近义推测 根据文中的近义词unshaven 未剃须的 以及worn out 破烂的 可以猜出disheveled的含义是 不整洁的 untidy 判断指代内容 要求考生根据语境判断代词 this that it they them one等 或代动词 do does did dothat等 究竟指代什么 一 题干形式1 whatdoestheunderlinedphrase referto 2010山东 2 whatdoestheunderlinedword they referto 2010湖南 3 theunderlinedword them refersto 2010北京 二 解题方法一般说来 代词的指代内容大多在这一句的前 后句中 注 近年高考题只在前面句子中 或者前几个句子中 找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上 看一看这句话是否合理 与前后的内容是否一致 然后再判定它是否为正确答案 三 真题演练阅读所选文段 从每题所给的a b c和d项中 选出最佳选项 1 2010北京 auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual graduatesearnmorethannon graduates meanwhile socialmobilityisevermoredependentonhavingadegree however onlysomepeoplehaveit sotheindividual notthetaxpayers shouldpayforit therearepressingcallsontheresources 资源 ofthegovernment usingtaxpayers moneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnhighincomesinthefutureisnotoneofthem 68 theunderlinedword them refersto a taxpayersb pressingcallsc collegegraduatesd governmentresources 1 b指代上文内容 前句说 关系政府资源有一些迫切需要的地方要用 而 用纳税人的钱来帮助一小部分人在未来获得更高收入并不是政府迫切需要花钱的地方 2 2010湖南 theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13westerncaucasianand13eastasianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories happy sad surprised fearful disgusted angry orneutral theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies itturnedoutthateasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidwesterners theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthatthey