北师大版高一必修三教学课件：Unit 7Grammar.ppt

unit7 unit7thesea grammar 定语从句 在主从复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词 起 定语 的作用 修饰说明名词 代词或主句全部内容 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 引导定语从句的词叫引导词 定语从句通常放在先行词的后面 引导词 关系代词 who whom whose that which关系副词 when where why 要做好定语从句有关试题 就得必须理解透 关系词 具有的三种功能 1 引导一个定语从句 在定语从句开头 2 替代 先行词 省去从句中对应的he she it they him her them 3 在定语从句中充当成分 作主语 宾语 定语 表语 状语 1 由who whom whose引导的定语从句 这类定语从句中who用作主语 whom作宾语 whose作定语指人 e g thisisthemanwhohelpedme 这位是帮过我的那个人 用法 thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom 你找的那位大夫在屋里 doyouknowthemanwhosenameisliuming 你认识那个叫刘明的人吗 2 which引导的定语从句这类从句只能指物 which在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语 e g thisisthebookwhichyouwant 这就是你要的那本书 thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool 河边的那栋楼是我们学校 theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop 有机器的房间是车间 1 介词 which whom 引导的定语从句which指代物 whom指代人 介词 which whom 中的介词可以根据先行词的习惯搭配或从句中动词 形容词等的习惯搭配来选择 介词可置于从句之前或之后 但含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在动词的后面 e g shedidn tgivethereasonforwhichshewaslateforschoolagain thethingaboutwhichmr johnsonwasnottoosurewastheyoungman shonesty theteacherfromwhomilearntmost whomilearnedmostfromwasmrs zhu themachinewhichihavelookedafterfortwentyyearsisstillworkingwell 2 引导非限定性定语从句时 关系代词往往用which 不用that e g ihavelostmybook whichilikeverymuch 注意 3 由that引导的定语从句that在定语从句中可以指人或物 在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语 但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语 e g theletterthatireceivedwasfrommyfather 我收到的那封信是我父亲写给我的 在下面几种情况下必须用 that 引导定语从句 1 先行词是不定代词 all few little much something nothing anything等 e g allthatwehavetodoistopracticeeveryday 我们要做的就是每天练习 注意 2 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 e g thefirstlessonthatilearnedwillneverbeforgotten 我所学的第一课永远也忘不了 3 先行词被all any every each few little no some等修饰 e g ihavereadallthebooks that yougaveme 你给我的书我全读完了 4 先行词被theonly thevery thelast修饰时 e g heistheonlypersonthatiwanttotalkto 他是唯一的我想跟说话的人 5 先行词既有人又有物时 e g theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool 他们谈论着他们能记起的那些在学校的人和事 关系副词的句法功能及特点 e g iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate 我知道他为什么来晚了 thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years 这就是我住过五年的地方 iwillneverforgetthedaywhenimetmr li 我永远也忘不了遇到李先生的那天 先行词是表示地点时 有时用where 有时用that which 引导定语从句 这时要看从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词 如果是及物动词就用that which 否则用where e g thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear 这就是我去年住的房子 thisisthehousethat which hevisitedlastyear 这就是我去年去过的房子 注意 当先行词表达 地步 境地 形势 等抽象概念 如situation case stage point condition position等 且在定语从句中作状语时 用where引导 当先行词occasion意为 时刻 且在从句中作时间状语时 关系词用when 意为 场合 且在从句中作地点状语时 关系词用where 在包含定语从句的句子中 要想正确运用关系代词和关系副词 需先确定定语从句和先行词 然后判断关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分 温馨提示 1 themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt a whatb wherec whend why b exercises 2 manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks animalsandplantscanbeprotected a whenb whichc whosed where3 weliveinanage moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore a whyb whenc towhomd onwhich d b 4 salesdirectorisaposition communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills a whichb thatc whend where5 thedaysaregone physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving a whenb thatc whered which d a 1 ihavefiveballoons threeofthemareyellow ihavefiveballoons ofwhichthreeareyellow jointhepairsofsentencesusingrelativepronouns 2 davidismyfriend ioftenplaytenniswithhim davidismyfriend withwhomioftenplaytennis 3 hehastwentybooks onlytwoofthemareinteresting hehastwentybooks ofwhichonlytwoareinteresting 4 mr johnsonapologizedforthemistake wecomplainedtohim mr johnson towhomwecomplained apologizedforthemistake 5 theantarcticiscoveredwithsnowandiceallyearround menknowlittleaboutit theantarctic aboutwhichweknowlittle iscoveredwithsnowandicealltheyearround 6 theshopisnotfarfrommyhouse weboughttheair conditionerfromit theshop whereweboughttheair conditioner isnotfarfrommyhouse 7 you dbettertellherthenameofthebook shecanfindinformationabouttheprojectthere you dbettertellherthenameofthebook inwhichshecanfindinfo