人教版必修三Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars Learning about Language课时作业.docx

unit 4 astronomy the science of the stars language points课时作业.单句语法填空1more violent (violence) scenes in the film were cut when it was shown on television.2it is generally accepted that smoking is harmful (harm) to our health.3mary was reading a poem with a puzzled expression on her face.its deeper meaning remained a puzzle for her.(puzzle) 4the dog lying on the floor belongs to him.he lied to me yesterday that it had been lost.(lie) 5unlike (like) most people in the office who come to work by car, i usually come to work by bus.6this made it hard to control myself.7i cant exist on the money he gave me.8youll succeed in time because you are always working hard.完成句子 1.有些工厂排放的气体对环境有害。the gases from some factories are_harmful_to the environment.2要不是他们帮忙，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。but for their help, we could not have finished the program in_time.3大雨使我们不能踢足球了。the heavy rain prevented/stopped_us (from) playing football.4我发现学好英语很难。i find it_very_difficult_to_learn english well.5我们得不到的东西似乎比我们已经拥有的东西好。what_we_cant_get seems better than what we already have.阅读理解aedmund halley was an english scientist who lived over 200 years ago.he studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.the orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem.he could not figure it out.neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.however, halley had a friend named newton, who was a brilliant mathematician.newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.he told halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)now halley set to work.he figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.he made a surprising discovery.the comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit.yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.this seemed very strange to halley.the different comets followed the same orbit.the more halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought.he decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.the comet had gone away and had come back again.it was an astonishing idea! halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what comet would happen in the future.he decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.there were 53 years to go before halleys prediction could be tested.in 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.halley did not see it, for he has died some years before.ever since then that comet has been called halleys comet, in his honor.1halley made his discovery _.aby doing experimentsbby means of his own careful observationcby using the work of other scientistsdby chance解析：选c细节理解题。由文中第三段得知。2halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year _.a1704b1705c1706 d1707解析：选b计算题。文中的“he decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.there were 53 years to go before halleys prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。3this passage in general is about _.ahalley and other scientistsbthe orbit of a cometcnewton and halleydhalley and his discovery解析：选d主旨大意题。综观全文，不难看出，文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。4which of the following is true?aedmund halley was an american scientist.bhalley made his discovery by doing experiments.cnewton was a famous mathematician.dthe orbit of a comet had the shape of an around.解析：选c综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出a项错误；从第二题的分析中可知b项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除d。bred dwarfred dwarf stars (红矮星) can range in size from a hundred times smaller than the sun，to only a couple of times smaller.because of their small size these stars burn their fuel very slowly，which allows them to live a very long time.some red dwarf stars will live trillions of years before they run out of fuel.then why are red dwarf stars red？because red dwarf stars only burn a little bit of fuel at a time，they are not very hot compared to other stars.think of a fire.the coolest part of the fire at the top of the flame glows red，the hotter part in the middle glows yellow，and the hottest part near the fuel glows blue.stars work the same way.their temperatures determine what color they will be.thus we can determine how hot a star is just by looking at its color._like the sun，these mediumsized stars are yellow because they have a medium temperature.their higher temperature causes them to burn their fuel faster.this means they will not live as long, only about 10 billion years or so.near the end of their lives，these mediumsized stars swell up becoming very large.when this happens to the sun it will grow to engulf (吞没) even the earth.finally they shrink again，leaving behind most of their gas.this gas forms a beautiful cloud around the star called a planetary nebula (行星状星云)when will the sun expand into a giant，and then shrink leaving behind a planetary nebula?dont worry.the sun is only about 5 billion years old.it still has another 5 billion years before it will expand，and then turn into a planetary nebula.the sun is so hot that when it dies，it will take a long time to cool off.the sun will die in about 5 billion years，but it will still glow for many billions of years after that.as it cools，it will be what is called a white dwarf star.finally，after billions maybe even trillions of years，it will stop glowing，at that point it will be what we call a black dwarf star.there are still no black dwarf stars in the universe.5why do the red dwarf stars burn their fuel very slowly? abecause they are small.bbecause they dont move around.cbecause they are cool.dbecause they reflect light like the moon.解析：选a细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话“because of their small size these stars burn their fuel very slowly.”可知选a。6. which of the following best expresses the main idea of paragraph 2?ahow red dwarf stars work.bwhy red dwarf stars burn a little fuel.cwhy red dwarf stars are red.dhow temperature determines the color.解析：选c主旨大意题。综合第二段的内容可知，本段开头由一个问句(为本段的主题句)引出作者要说明的中心：红矮星为什么是红色的？然后通过类比来进行解释，因此c项为最佳选项。7. the title on the underline before paragraph 3 is probably_.athe sunbyellow starscplanetary nebuladstar temperature解析：选b主旨大意题。综观最后四段话可以看出：作者通过读者所熟悉的、与黄色星相类似的太阳相比较来对黄色星进行说明，最后三段话看似与黄色星无关，但实际上是对黄色星发展走向的一个预测，故b项最佳。8. which of the following websites may this passage be taken from?abcd解析：选d推理判断题。本文主要介绍了红矮星和黄色星，与天文学有关，由此推断本文是从与天文学有关的(d项)上摘录的。.语法填空mark: peggie, can i borrow your notes for history？i _1_ (return) them tomorrow.peggie: sorry, _2_ i usually go to the cafeteria and review them. why _3_copy them in the library?mark: ok.peggie: here you are.mark: you are a great help, peggie.peggie: i dont quite understand _4_you need my notes, mark. you havent missed any classes.mark: _5_(honest) speaking, i work in a supermark