山东省高密市教科院高考英语二轮复习《特殊句式》学案.doc

山东省高密市教科院2013届高三高考二轮复习英语特殊句式学案学习目标：1.了解在英语中什么情况下出现省略情况；2. 掌握倒装句的构成和用法； 3.熟练掌握全部倒装，部分倒装等句子结构。倒装句在高考中的考查重点：1.部分倒装；2.完全倒装3.常考的几个重要句型：so + be/情态/助动词+主语neither + be/情态/助动词+主语so + adj/adv + that neither , nor not only , but also not until 高考例题【2012江西卷】32never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as robert. 【答案】cahad shebshe hadchas shedshe has【2012全国新课程】34. you have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you. 【答案】ba. so b. or c. and d. but【2012山东卷】31. i dont know about you, but im sick and tired of this weather. _. i cant stand all this rain. 【答案】ca. i dont care b. its hard to sayc. so am i d. i hope not 【2012浙江卷】19. had they known what was coming next, they_second thoughts.a. may haveb. could havec. must have had d. might have had【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案d符合语境。【2012江苏卷】25. there is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _?【答案】aa. is thereb. isnt therec. is hed. isnt he【解析】根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选a项。30. it was not until i came here _ i realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather. 【答案】b。a. whob. thatc. whered. before【2012重庆卷】33. the headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor_ it a thought. 【答案】ca. does he even given b. he even gives c. whether d. he will even given【2012重庆卷】32. it was 80 years before christopher columbus crossed the atlantic_ zheng sailed to east africa 【答案】b a. when b. that c. after d. since【2012辽宁卷】32. not until he retired from teaching three years ago having a holiday abroad. 【答案】da. he had considered b. had he considered c. he considered d. did he consider【2012四川卷】5. this is not my story, nor _ the whole story. my story plays out differently. a. is there b. there is c. is it d. it is 【解析】nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除b、d；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选c。【2012天津卷】6.only after mary read her composition the second time_ the spelling mistake.【a】a.did she noticeb. she noticedc. does she noticed. she has noticed语法讲解完全倒装的应用情况(不借助动词)1.为了使某种情境表达的生动形象，常把 above, away, back, below, down, in, off, out, up等方位副词置于句首，以示强调和引起注意需倒装，常与come, go, fall, rush 等动词连用。 away went the naughty boy.若主语为代词，主谓不倒装out he rushed.2. 以there, here, now, then, such等简短副词位于句首时以示强调和引起注意需倒装，常用此结构的有be, go, come, exist, follow, remain, lie等不及物动词。 here is the address of your hotel. here comes the bus. 若主语为代词，主谓不倒装。here you are.3. 表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语为不及物动词，主谓需倒装。倒装方法：介词短语+谓语+主语at the corner stands a man selling newspapers.between the two buildings stands a tall tree.4.表语置于句首，保持句子平衡，以示强调，或上下文衔接需倒装。 gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. outside the doctors clinic were 20 patients.hanging on the wall was a painting by qi baishi.5. 以引导词there引出倒装句，常用此结构的动词有be, appear, come, exist, happen, lie, live, occur, ought, remain, seem, stand, used等。there are many students in our school.there appears (to be) a man in black in the distance.6. 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首时，主句用不用倒装均可，但倒装形式更为常见，常用动词有say, ask, answer, shout, reply, exclaim等。倒装方法: 直接引语+谓语+主语“god save me!” thought the old man/the old man thought.7. long live构成的表示祝愿的祈使句。long live world peace!8. 以what, how开头的感叹句what lovely weather we are having lately! how blue the sky is!what beautiful flowers they are!what a simple life einstein lived!9. 在the more, the more结构中需倒装the busier he is, the happier he feels.(表语)the less she worried, the better she worked. (状语)the more books you read, (宾语) the wider your knowledge is.(表语)the more learned he is, the more modest he is. (表语)10. no matter + wh -词或wh -词+ever结构中需倒装。通常是宾表、状语前置。 whatever(= no matter what) decision (宾语) he made, i would support it. however (= no matter how) carefully (状语)i explained, she still didnt understand. whoever (= no matter who) (表语)you are, you cant pass this way.11. 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中需 倒装。 much as i admire her much,i cant excuse her faults.young though she is, she has seen much of the worldman as he was, he behaved like a woman.try though i could, i couldnt change her mind.部分倒装的应用情况(需借助助动词)1. only及所修饰的词、短语或从句作状语或宾语位于句首时，需倒装。only then(状语)did i know the importance of learning.only when he lost health(状语) did he know its value. only 位于句首修饰主语不倒装only socialism(主语)can save china.2. never, seldom, little, few, barely, hardlywhen, scarcely, rarely, no longer, no more, no soonerthan等否定词语位于句首时需倒装。never have i heard or seen such a thing.3. not构成的短语位于句首作状语或宾语时需倒装。常用此结构的短语有not a word, not a moment, not a bit, in vain(无用), not once or twice(许多次)，not only merelybut also, not by any means=not in any way degree=not on any account =not on ones life(决不), not in the least slightest 毫不，not untilnot a moment did she waste.not until yesterday did i learn anything about it.4. no构成的固定短语在句首作状语需倒装。如by no means rate, degree, possibility, way, accident决不， at no rate, time, point, period决不，in no case way, circumstances, form, respects, sense, condition, instances, sense, shape决不，on no consideration condition, occasion, account, terms决不，under no occasion account, consideration, circumstances, term (s)决不，in no time立马by no means shall we give up.5. 在含有were, had, should的if虚拟条件句中，需省略if, 把were, had, should移至主语前。were i you, i would help you. had you come earlier, you would have met him.should it rain, the crops would be saved.6. neither, nor, no more位于后一分句句首需倒装，“也不”(用于否定句)he didnt see the film, neither did she.7. so+助动词+主语; 主语+助动词+so; so+主语+助动词 1).倒装(指两人事)；2).(宾语照主语要求做)； 3.)(指一人事)she is a teacher. so is her mother.(妈妈也是教师)she wants him to be a teacher. he does so.(这样做了)you say she is a teacher. so she is.(确实如此)11. not only merely, alone, simply(but) also “不但而且”连接两个并列分句时需倒装。not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.13. neither.nor “既不也不”当连接两个并列分句时需倒装。连接并列宾语和状语也需倒装。 neither did they write nor did they telephone.省略在高考中的考查重点：1.主语的省略；2.谓语或谓语的一部分的省略；3.宾语的省略；4.不定式的省略；5.宾语从句和状语从句中的省略；6.虚拟条件句中if的省略。语法讲解1. 动词不定式省略时何时保留“to” be + adj. 如：glad, happy, pleased, anxious, willing, ready等词后保留“to” love, like, mean, hope, advise, expect, want, persuade, seem等词后保留“to” have, need, ought, be able, be going, used等词后保留“to” ask, tell, advise, persuade, wish, permit, allow sb to do sth 结构中保留“to” 不定式的否定式后保留“to” 不定式的完成式后保留“to have” used to be 结构中的be不能省略 2.to代替不定式以免重复。常用此结构的动词有refuse, want, seem, mean, intend, expect, hope, fear, fail, wish等。i couldnt find him, though i wanted to (find him).- would you like to come to the party?- id love to (come to the party).i meant to write to you, but forgot to (write to you).巩固练习1. try _ she might, sue couldnt get the door open. 2011全国卷i a. if b. when c. sine d. as2. only when he reached the tea-house _ it was the same place hed been in last year. 2011全国卷i a. he realized b. he did realize c. realized he d. did he realize3. its nice. never before _ such a special drink! im glad you like it. 2011福建 a.i have had b. i had c. have i had d. had i4. only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _ a decision. 2011湖南卷 a. they reached b. did they reach c. they reach d. do they reach5. is everyone here? not yetlook , there _ the rest of our guests! 2010江苏 a. come b. comes c. is coming d. are coming6. we laugh at jokes, but seldom _about how they work. 2010四川 a. we think b. think we c. we do think d. do we think 7. not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him. 2010江西 a. did he begin b. had he begun c. he began d. he had begun8. at the meeting place of the yangtze river and the jialing river_, one of the ten largest cities in china. 2010重庆 a. lies chongqing b. chongqing lies c. does lie chongqing d. does chongqing lie 9. only if people of all the countries are united _ (我们才能解决) the existing problems in the world. (solve) 2010湖北10. for a moment nothing happened. then all shouting together. 2009福建 a. voices had come b. came voices c. voices would come d. did voices come11. the computer was used in teaching. as a result, not only _, but students became more interested in the lessons. 2009海南 a. saved was teachers energy b. was teachers energy saved c. teachers energy was saved d. was saved teachers energy12. so sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape. 2009山东 a. did the attack b. the attack did c. was the attack d. the attack was 13. little _ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. 2009陕西 a. did rose care b. rose did care c. rose does care d. does rose care 14. not until i came home last night _ to bed. 2009四川 a. mum did go b. did mum go c. went mum d. mum went 15. unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. 2009重庆a. thoughwashe b. thoughhewas c. hewasthoughd. washethough 16. it was announced that only when the fire was under control _ to return to their homes. 2008江西a. the residents would be permitted b. had the residents been permittedc. would the residents be permitted d. the residen