全国卷高三专题改错解题技巧.doc

一对一辅导教案学生姓名性别年级高三学科英语授课教师上课时间 年 月 日第（ ）次课共（ ）次课课时：3课时教学课题 高考专项之改错教学目标1. 熟悉改错题目常考查的错误类型；2. 考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语语法和语言知识的能力教学重点与难点 熟悉错误的类型，结合语篇内容进行改正 一、高考真题例析【新课标2015全国卷I高考】短文改错 (共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误, 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.【答案详解】When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living thought in a city, but I miss my home incountryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. the and Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of with studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs serious air we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to Many find protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it. our/the 1.【动词时态】第2句根据Iwouldbe中would，结合时态，把think改为thought；2.【冠词用法】第3句根据“我想念的是乡村的老家”这个特指，在countryside前加the；3.【连词用法】第4句根据前后意思，特别是逻辑关系，把or改为and；4.【固定搭配】第5句根据“随着.的发展”这一固定的表达，onthedevelopment中的on改为with；5.【动词用法】第6句根据名词短语“lotsofstudies”与动词shown的关系，把been删除；6.【形容词用法】第6句根据problem的名词词性，结合原则上形容词修饰名词，把seriously改为serious；7.【名词用法】第7句根据airs意思为气氛，而air表空气，结合语意，把airs改为air；8.【副词用法】第8句根据animals为可数名词，结合many修饰可数名词的复数，把much改为many；9.【动词用法】第9句根据情态动词+动词原形整个作为谓语，把found改为find；10.【代词用法】第9句根据语意，尤其主语是we的提示，把your改为our。选题说明1.出处：此篇为2015年高考英语全国卷I短文改错。2.背景：环保是长期以来社会各方面关注的问题，这点也从国家政策层面可以得到证明，比如2015年1月1日起正式实施的，号称“史上最严”的新修订环境保护法。同时，重金属造成的土壤污染、鞍山环境污染等事件在2015年上半年引发了关注。应该说，2015年全国卷I的短文改错应时而动，体现了高考命题的时代性和时事性。命题立意1. 考查目标这篇短文改错需要重点关注的内容是IthinkIwould,incountryside,cleanor,onthedevelopment,havebeenshown,averyseriouslyproblem,Theairswebr-eathein,muchrareanimals,wemustfound,protectyourenvironment。动词的用法，题目中有三处，暨think,been及found；形容词和副词的用法，题目中有两处，暨seriously及Much；名词的用法，题目中有一处，暨airs；介词的用法，题目中有一处，暨on；连词的用法，题目中有一处，暨or；代词的用法，题目中有一处，暨your；冠词的用法，题目中有一处，暨incountryside。2.命题手法此篇短文改错旨在考查考生发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力，强调考生要有语篇意识，充分检测考生对语篇的观察能力，评价能力及应用能力。错误的设置是针对考生平时书面表达常见错误设计，因此短文改错的难度符合考生水平。3.解题思路三个步骤：通读全文，把握大意；细读全文，仔细斟酌；再读全文，复核审查。二、考法透析1，形容词与副词形式的误用 注意形容词、副词的混用和比较等级的混用。形容词与副词形式的误用【例 l】（2014陕西卷）My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.解析：将immediate改为immediately。本句中应该使用副词immediately来修饰谓语动词jumped，在句中作状语。【例 2】(2014新课标全国卷I)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!解析：将wonderfully改为wonderful。本句中使用形容词wonderful作定语来修饰后面的名词tomatoes。形容词或副词级别的误用 【例 l】（2012 新课标全国卷）I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. 解析：考查副词的用法。little-less。根据文意：我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑衅性。该处前面提及more patient，所以此处也应该用比较级，此处 less 修饰形容词。 【例 2】(2011 全国高考) If youd like to make a trip to our city some day，I will be better than happy to be your guide 解析：better 改为more。句中表示非常乐意做你的向导，并没有比较关系。more than 表示很高兴。 【例 3】（2013浙江卷）To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie.解析：将bad改为worse。To make matters worse为固定短语，意为“更糟糕的是”，所以需要用bad的比较级。有无 -ly结尾的副词错用【例 l】（2014辽宁卷）That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.解析：将closely改为close。Close应该在系动词are的后面，构成系表结构are close。Closely是一个副词，副词通常不能和系动词连用构成系表结构。【例 2】(2013四川卷)I found the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it.解析：将hardly改为hard。Hardly意为“几乎不”，而hard本身就有副词的词性，故将hardly改为hard。 -ed结尾的形容词与 -ing结尾的形容词的错用【例 l】(2013浙江卷)I am awfully tiring, but I know Ill never fall asleep.解析：将tiring改为tired。此处指“我”非常累，不是使人疲倦，所以应该用tired。【例 2】(2012浙江卷)Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.解析：将interested改为interesting。“我给他们讲有趣的故事”，说的是故事有趣，所以用interesting，而interested表示“感到有趣的”。方法小结：要了解基本常识：修饰名词用形容词，修饰动词、形容词、分词及整个句子应该用副词，两者之间比较时用比较级，三者及三者以上比较时应用最高级。2，冠词的误用冠词在短文改错中的考查手法主要有：(一)不定冠词 aan 的混用；可数名词前冠词的漏用；(二)特指名词前误用不定冠词而不用定冠词；(三)固定搭配中冠词的偷梁换柱。【例 l】（2012 陕西卷）It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of mine who is going to Beijing.解析：such great-a 。hotel 是可数名词单数，第一次提到，前需加不定冠词。【例 2】（2012 重庆卷）I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fell asleep.解析：child 前加不定冠词 a。child 为可数名词，前需加不定冠词。【例 3】(2011 重庆高考)Now，we are planning a small party for the next Sunday解析：next Sunday 表示泛指概念，不用定冠词。去掉定冠词 the。【例 4】(2011 全国新课标)I was going to visit a friend there and after that I would go to Xiamen forlong holiday解析：holiday 为可数名词，表示某一假期用 a long holiday。long 前加 a。【例 5】(2011 浙江高考)It was very nice to get-your invitation to spendweekend with you解析：句中“得到邀请共度周末”说明时间是特定的，因此 weekend 之前要用定冠词 the。【例 6】(2011 陕西高考)He was right there in the front of me！解析：考查冠词在固定短语中的运用。in the front of 表示在某一空间内部之前。此处表示在“我”前面，因此用 in front of，去掉 the。【例 7】(2011四川高考)His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start corning on time，so he went to the doctor for a help解析：考查冠词。抽象名词表泛指不加任何冠词。去掉不定冠词 a。方法小结：要充分利用语境来分析和确定冠词的使用，不能只凭感觉，更不能只局限于一句话甚至一行，结合上下文做题一直是短文改错的一贯宗旨。3，连词的误用 连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。【例 1】（2012 全国 II）We, as well as animal, cannot live without water and neither agriculture or industry can go without it.解析：考查固定句型 neither . . . nor . . .的用法。ornor 根据前文的 neither 可知将 or 改为 nor。【例 2】（2012 辽宁卷）In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.解析：unless until 考查连词的用法。这儿后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是我们一直等到路通了。【例 3】（2012 四川卷）Whenever I am, I will always love you.解析：Whenever 改为 Wherever。考查连词。根据句意：无论我在哪里，我总是爱你的。【例 4】（2012 全国 II）To deal with a problem, I think, we should first go all out to plant trees though trees will help save water.解析：thoughbecause/since/as。考查状语从句的连词用法。根据句意：我们应该植树，因为有助于节水。【例 5】(2011 全国高考)Its been a week after we left your family and we are now back home解析：根据句意，我们回家已经一周了。(自从离开你家，我们到家已一周。)因此将 after改为 since。【例 6】(201l 四川高考)His boss wanted to fire him if he didnt start coming on time，but he went to the doctor for help解析：考查连词。前后句是顺接关系，而非转折关系，but 改为 so。【例 7】(2011 重庆高考)were both surprised that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different解析：这里表并列关系，没有选择意味，因此将 or 改为 and。方法小结 ： 要结合句法知识，同时结合上下文来分析并列分句或主从句之间的关系，从而确定连词。4，代词的误用代词在短文改错中的考查手法主要有：(一)人称代词的混用；(二)人称代词所属格错误以及关系代词误用。【例 l】（2012 全国 II）Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving.解析：考查缺词的填补。opinion 前加 my 根据句意前后的代词指代要一致，前文主语是 I，所以后半句表达的意见就应该是我的意见。【例 2】（2012 全国 I）Other way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home.解析：OtherAnother。考查代词的用法。文章中只讲了两种方法，所以另一种用 another。【例 3】（2012 辽宁卷）They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way home.解析：theywe 考查代词的误用。叙述的是我们做的事，所以用 we。【例 4】（2012 四川卷）Im sorry that I am abroad and cant send your flowers, so Im writing to you.解析：your 改为 you。考查代词。此处动词 send 接双宾语，应使用宾格形式，构成短语 send sb. sth.。【例 5】（2012 全国新课标）I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it.解析：考查代词指代一致。itthem。此处前文指 toys，所以后用 them。【例 6】（2012 全国新课标）For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see what was happening.解析：考查代词的用法。在 parents 前加 my parents bought me new toys.此处 my 和 me 对应。英语中需前后一致，my 。【例 7】(2011 重庆高考)with the help of Katia，a roommate of me，Ive soon got used to living without my parents around解析：me 为宾格，这里表示“我的朋友”要用 mine。me 改为 mine。【例 8】(2011 全国新课标)When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes解析：根据句意，我到达的是朋友的“家”，因此要用名词所属格 friends。friend 改为friends【例 9】(2011 四川高考)The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed解析：考查名词。medicine 是不可数的，要用 it 代替。them 改为 it。【例 10】(2011 全国高考)Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals解析：词句逻辑错误。展示的对象为“我们”，them 改为 us。方法小结：重点注意人称代词的格是否被误用，代词前后是否指代一致，定语从句关系词使用是否正确。5，名词的误用单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。【例 l】(2012 全国高考卷)Water is important. We, as well as animal, cannot live without water.解析:animal-animals 考查名词的单复数错误。我们还有动物们没有水就无法活。根据句意用复数形式。【例 2】（2012 年全国卷）Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.解析:efforts-effort 考查名词的单复数。解题关键：掌握短语 make a great effort to do sth意为：尽力做某事；【例 3】（2012 全国新课标）From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.解析:toy-toys。考查名词的单复数形式。根据 each of 可知，应该是我的玩具中的每一个，故用复数形式 toys。【例 4】（2012 陕西卷）Mom, I know I have never expressed my thank to youbefore.解析:thank 改为 thanks。考查名词单复数。“表达感谢”应为：express ones thanks。【例 5】（2012 重庆卷）You told me the name of different plants and their characteristies.解析:namenames。考查名词的单复数形式。由 and 可知连接两个名词的复数形式。【例 6】(2011 全国高考)My brother was so much fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of day.解析：day 为可数名词，被 couple of 修饰时要用复数形式。day 改为 days。【例 7】(2011 四川高考)Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late with work解析：考查名词。trouble 作抽象名词“麻烦”讲时不可数，没有复数。troubles 改为 trouble。【例 8】(201l重庆高考)Although her English is a little hard to understand，we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family.解析：family 是集合名词，表示家庭中的成员时要用其复数形式 families。family 改为 families。方法小结：(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系。6,动词的误用主要看文章的整体时态是否一致。【例 1】（2012 全国新课标）When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, Thats it. No more toys for you.解析：考查动词时态错误。tear-tore 通过观察整个文章的时态以及 my fifth birthday 可知，此处用一般过去时。【例 2】（2012 全国 II）Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.解析：考查时态错误。seemedseems 文章整体讲得是节约用水方面的话题，通篇用得是 一般现在时。所以将 seemed 改为 seems。【例 3】（2012 陕西卷）My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month.解析：visit-visited。根据时间状语 last month 可知本句时态是一般过去时，故动词用过去式。【例 4】（2012 四川卷）Thank you for all you had done for me.解析：had 改为 have。考查动词时态。全篇文章属于现在的时态，故将过去完成时改为现在完成时。方法小结：根据上下文时态环境来确定具体时态，再利用时态环境和连词的对称性纠正时态错误。动词的语态错误 【例1】（2015新课标全国卷I）Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 解析：去掉been。名词短语“lotsofstudies”与动词shown的关系是主动，把been删除。方法小结：主语是动作执行者时用主动语态，主语是动作承受者时用被动语态。主谓一致错误【例1】（2011新课标全国卷）Luckily I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.解析：but之后句子主语为clothes，为复数形式，其谓语也应当为复数。was改为were。【例2】(2014新课标全国卷II)My dream school look like a big garden.解析：将look改为looks。本句的主语My dream school是单数，其谓语动词也应该使用第三人称单数形式。方法小结：要分析主语和谓语动词单复数形式，看是否保持一致。7，非谓语动词误用非谓语动词常见错误有：(1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词混用；(2) 非谓语动词形式错误；(3) 不定式缺少to或多to。【例1】(2012全国新课标)Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.解析：考查不定式作宾语补足语。去掉last前的to解题关键：makesb/sthdo，此处make作“使”解，其后接不带to的不定式作宾补。【例2】(2014辽宁卷)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minutes shes outside.解析：将understanding改为understand。本句中的it是一个形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to understand why；不定式结构中to后面要接动词原型。【例3】(2012全国II)Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwaterwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.解析:usingused。考查非谓语动词的用法。非谓语动词作后置定语，与所修饰的词是动宾关系，故用过去分词。【例4】(2014陕西卷)He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees.解析：将wanted后加to。Want to do sth.想要做某事；to是不能省略的，不定式to do sth.作want的宾语。【例5】(2012四川卷)Thank you so much by not only giving me life, but also teach me how to be a good person. 解析：teach改为teaching。考查非谓语动词。此处是but连接的用于介词之后的并列的动名词形式。方法小结：仔细区分究竟是谓语还是非谓语，采用正确形式；根据所作的成分使用正确的非谓语形式；牢记一些固定搭配。8. 介词的误用介词常见的错误有：介词多用、少用及误用。【例1】(2012全国新课标)Thatsit.Nomoretoystoyou.解析：考查介词的用法。to-for此处意为：不再给你买玩具了。Toysforsb意为：给某人的玩具。【例2】(2012全国I)Everyoneofuscanmakeagreatefforttocutofftheuseofenergyinourcountry.解析：off-down考查动词短语的含义。此处语意表达有误，cutoff意为：切断，杜绝；cutdown意为：减少。根据文意应是减少。【例3】(2011四川高考)Tom was having much trouble getting up in the morning and was always late with work解析：考查固定短语。belatefor为固定搭配。with改为for。【例4】(2011浙江高考)TherewasoneonparticularIdalwayswanted解析：考查习语搭配inparticular，意思为“尤其，特别”。on改为in【例5】(2011陕西高考)1wasreallydisappointedandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutabuilding解析：walk为不及物动词，out为副词，表方位，后不能直接接宾语，应加上相应的介词of。方法探究：掌握常见介词的含义和用法；熟记与介词相关的固定搭配；弄清介词宾语的表现形式。9，主从句连接词错误主要指（1） 名词性从句中的连接词错误；（2） 定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的选择，以及状语从句连词的选择错误；（3） 主从复合句间缺少连接词。【例1】（2014四川卷）If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.解析：将when去掉。根据句意“如果你注意到有人失踪或受伤，马上告诉老师。”可知此处是that引导的宾语从句。【例2】(2013新课标全国卷II)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.解析：将that改为which。Which引导非限制性定语从句，充当从句的主语，that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。短文改错解题思路和检查原则1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；（句子结构与句子成分）2）谓语动词的时态、语态；3）非谓语动词的用法；4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。此外，还要注意短文改错的三个特点：（1） 每个句子错误的最大词数为两个，并且不会紧挨着；（2） 不设置标点符号错误；（3） 不设置单词拼写错误，但会出现单词形式的使用错误。短文改错解题四原则1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则4）以保持句子原意为原则 短文改错解题步骤1） 通读全文，掌握大意 2） 整句分析，逐行推敲3） 反复通读，复查验证(A)Last night my wife and I had dinner at a restaurant not far from our home. We like this place very much, but we have eaten there many times. Last night, otherwise, the service was not very good. We had to wait a long time after a waiter came to our table. He was very nice, but he didnt do the very good job. I ordered chicken with mushroom, but he bring me chicken with cream sauce. My wife got her main course OK, but she put the wrong kind of salad dressing on her salad. We didnt say something to the waiter. We just ate what he brought us. I know that 15% is the unusual amount for a tip. I wanted to leave 10% show that we were not happy. Did I do the right thing?(B)It is five years now since I graduate from No.3 High School. Last Saturday, the class that I was on held a get-together, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a well time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together and the people they were familiar with. It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone abroad for further studies, but they calls back or sent greeting card from different places.(C)I was walking home from school while suddenly it rained heavy. What should I do? I didnt have an umbrella and a raincoat with me. I looked around and see some students walking happily under their umbrellas. They must listened to the weather forecast. I began to run and caught in the rain. I kept running until I got to a bookstore which I could wait until the rain stopped and in the same time I could read my favorite books. After about half a hour, the rain stopped and I go home. 一、Correction 1(2014课标全国)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!二、Correction 2(2014课标全国)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.一、 语法填空Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _1_ farm, which looked almost abandoned. _2_ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly _3_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _4_ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass _5_ it began