定语从句 (2)

1 Unit 2 定语从句 二 介词定语从句 二 介词 关系代词关系代词 一 Revision A B 用恰当的关系代词填空 1 The most important thing we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said 2 This is the very dictionary I am looking for 3 There is nothing can prevent him from doing that 4 Those break the rule will be punished 5 Don t get too close to the house roof 屋顶 is under repair 6 I am looking for a box in I can put all my things 7 I don t like the way you talk to your mother 9 Do you like the song we listened to before class 10 Do you like the song to we listened before class 二 Lead in 填入适当介词 然后改写句子 1 The man whom you spoke is our headmaster 可改写为 The man you spoke is our headmaster 2 The city which she lives is far away 可改写为 The city she lives is far away 小结 介词 指物 不可省 介词 指人 不可省 介词后不用 三 A How to choose the right prepositions 介词的选用原则介词的选用原则 1 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配谓语动词的习惯搭配来定 2 根据先行词的搭配习惯先行词的搭配习惯来决定 3 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑关系 4 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配形容词的习惯搭配 注意注意 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 look for look after take care of 等 This is the right place I m looking for The girl whom he is looking after is his sister 1 He had a bad cold he didn t attend the meeting A because B because of which C to which D because of that 成分先行词所指关系词 指人主语 指物 指人宾语 指物 指人定语 指物 2 2 There is no dictionary you can find everything A in it B in which C where D in that 3 I have many friends some are businessmen A of them B from which C who of D of whom 4 We saw several natives advancing towards our party and one of them came up to us we gave some bells and glasses A to which B to whom C with whom D with which 5 American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently A who B as C about which D with whom 6 His father died in the year he was born 7 He is unlikely to find out the place he lived forty years ago 8 Do you remember the day you joined the League 9 The kind girl I shared umbrella this morning turned to be my boss 10 Is that the reason he gave for his terrible behavior 11 Do you like the book she spent 10 12 Do you like the book she paid 10 13 Do you like the book she learned a lot 14 Do you like the book she often talks 15 The chair he is sitting now is made of wood 16 Glasses I can t see clearly are really important for me 17 China is a beautiful country we are proud 18 Do you remember the day you joined our club 四 常见结构拓展 1 数词 介词 关系代词 含基数词 序数词 分数和百分数 We have three foreign teachers are from Canada 其中的两个 区分 We have three foreign teachers and two of them are from Canada Ex The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year 80 are sold abroad A of which B which of C of them D of that 2 代词 介词 关系代词 代词有 all both none neither either some any 等 The old woman has two sons are teachers 两个都是 区分 The old woman has two sons and both of them are teachers Ex Last week two persons came to see the house wanted to buy it A both of they B neither of whom C both of them D all of whom 3 形容词最高级 介词 关系代词 China has thousands of islands is Taiwan Island 其中最大的 4 名词 介词 关系代词 This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor This is the teacher is a famous doctor Ex Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase 花瓶 was very reasonable A which price B the price of which C its price D the price of whose 3 定语从句 二定语从句 二 关系副词 关系副词 一 一 Warming up 1 这就是那座房子 这就是我在那儿出生的房子 2 我永远不会忘记那一天 我永远不会忘记我来到七中的那一天 3 老师不知道那个原因 老师不知道他为什么撒谎的原因 4 Do you know the university He studied there for three years 连成一句话 二 二 小结 关系副词小结 关系副词 when where why 的用法的用法 所指先行词引导词 时间the time day week moment season period occasion when at in on during which 地点theplace room city country job family condition stage situation case point activity where in at on which 原因the reasonwhy for which 三 单项选择三 单项选择 1 Do you know the reason Tom didn t come yesterday A which B why C who D that 2 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child A which B where C that D when 3 After the war a new school was put up there had once been a theatre A that B which C when D where 4 He has got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane A where B which C while D when 四 知识拓展 关系副词实际上相当于介词 先行词四 知识拓展 关系副词实际上相当于介词 先行词 which 1 when 在定语从句中从句中作时间状语 先行词常有在定语从句中从句中作时间状语 先行词常有 time day s morning night week year s moment 常用常用 on which in which at which during which 等代替 等代替 4 Ex 1 April 1st is the day when people make fun of others April 1st is the day people make fun of others 2 I ll never forget the time I spent my childhood in the country 2 where 在从句中作地点状语 先行词常有在从句中作地点状语 先行词常有 place city country factory farm house spot room town village situation case 等 等 常可由常可由 in which on which at which 等取代 等取代 1 This is the house where he lived two years ago This is the house he lived two years ago 2 This is the farm his father works This is the farm his father works 3 why why 在定语从句中作原因状语 可用在定语从句中作原因状语 可用 for which 代替 代替 why 不可引导非限定不可引导非限定 性定语从句 此时可用性定语从句 此时可用 for which 代替 代替 This is the reason 他离开的原因 五 判断下列各句是用关系代词还是关系副词五 判断下列各句是用关系代词还是关系副词 比较 1 This is the factory produces radios This is the factory radios are produced 2 Do you remember the days we spent together Do you remember the days we worked together 3 I went to the place I worked ten years ago 4 I went to the place I visited ten years ago 5 This is the reason he was late 6 This is the reason he gave for his being late 7 Is this the reason she gave for not finishing her homework yesterday A why B for which C that D to which 8 Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday A why B that C which D whom 小结 小结 判断关系代词与关系副词的方法 判断关系代词与关系副词的方法 1 找到先行词找到先行词 2 判断它在定语从句中所充当的成分 特别注意从句中的谓语动词 要确定使用关系代词判断它在定语从句中所充当的成分 特别注意从句中的谓语动词 要确定使用关系代词 还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词 1 及物动词后面无宾语及物动词后面无宾语 用关系代词用关系代词 常见的及物动词有常见的及物动词有 visit spend expect explain etc 2 不及物动词后无介词时不及物动词后无介词时 用关系副词用关系副词 常见的不及物动词有常见的不及物动词有 work live come go etc 1 Is this museum you visited a few days age A where B that C on which D the one 2 Is this the museum the exhibition was held 5 A where B that C on which D the one 例 1 变为肯定句 This museum is you visited a few days ago 例 2 变为肯定句 This is the museum the exhibition was held 3 This is the reason I was late 4 The reason he gave us was reasonable 合理的 定语从句 三 非限定性定语从句定语从句 三 非限定性定语从句 一 限制性定语从句是修饰限制 如果缺少从句 则句子意义不完整或失去意 义 主从句关系十分密切 书写时 不用逗号分开 非限制性定语从句只是对 先行词作些附加说明 主从句关系不十分密切 如果去掉从句 主句的意思依 然很清楚 从句和主句往往用逗号分开 关系代词除 that 和关系副词除 why 外 都可以引导非限制性定语从句 1 Mr Wang is the headmaster of our school you saw at the meeting yesterday 王先生是我校的校长 昨天你在会上见过他 2 Our new house has a lovely garden makes us very happy 3 You ve made many mistakes were due to your carelessness 二 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词 which 既可以指代前面的先行词 也 可以指代前面整个句子的含义 一般先行词是物或无先行词时 要用 which 引 导 不用 that I have lost the pen 我掉了那只钢笔 我非常喜欢的那只 Alice received an invitation from her boss 爱丽思收到了从她的老板那儿来的邀请 这使她很吃惊 三 which 和 as 引导的非限制性定语从句比较 which 和 as 都可引导非限制性定语从句 并且先行词都可以是一句句子 但 which 通常指代上文提到的情况 通常放在主句之后 而 as 则可以指代上文或 下文 as 在这类句子中经常有 正如 的意思 既可放在主句之前 也可放 在主句之后 与之搭配的动词一般是固定的 如 as you know as you see as we planned as we all know as is often the case as we expected as is said above as is known us all as it is as was expected 另外 另外 as 还经常与还经常与 so such the same 等连用 等连用 1 This is such an interesting book we all like 2 This is so interesting a book we all like 3 I never heard such stories he told 4 She knew he felt just the same she did He has to work on Sundays he doesn t like we expected he gave a wonderful performance 6 Mike is late is often the case 4 I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers has a great effect on my life 5 Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track made her mother very proud 6 We couldn t accept the reason he explained he was late 7 was expected he failed in the exam 8 He failed in the exam made his father very angry 单项选择 单项选择 1 These houses are sold at such a low price people didn t expect A likeB as C that D which 2 This is so difficult a question A that many students can t answer B which many students can t answer it C as no one can answer it D as nobody can answer 3 He tore all my letters and didn t upset me at all A this B it C which D as 4 John said he d been working in the office for an hour was true A he B this C which D who 5 The manager decided to give the job to he believed had a sense of duty A who B whom C whoever D whomever 6 I had expected the number of the audience was well over two thousand A As B Which C Whom D That 7 is known to all China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years 0 A Which B That C As D It 8 New York last year is a nice old city A that I visited B which I visited C where I visited D in which I visited 9 is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress A It B As C That D What 10 He invited ten friends to his home are foreigners A six of whom B the six of whomC six of them D the six of them 11 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year 80 are sold abroad A of which B which of C of them 四四 定语从句与其他从句区别定语从句与其他从句区别 1 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句 1 The suggestion he raised at the meeting is very good A which B that C what D 7 2 The suggestion the students should have plenty of exercise is very good A which B that C what D 同位语从句前的名词是一个具有抽象意味的名词 fact news idea truth hope problem information belief thought doubt 是对前面的名词作进一步的解释 说明前面名词的具体含义 that 在从句中 成分 同位语从句是完整的 that 一般不可 定语从句就是对前先行词进行修饰限定 关系词应代替先行词在从句中 句 子成分 主语 表语 宾语 定语从句是不完整的 关系代词做宾语时可 2 定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句 1 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5 30 p m many people have got home 2 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5 30 p m many people have got home by then A and B that C on which D by which 3 He loves his parents deeply are very kind to him 4 He loves his parents deeply are very kind to him A who B both of who C both of whom D Both of them 并列句并列句 是由连词连接的两个句子 句子是完整的 句子之间用 或 隔开 定语从句定语从句 是由关系词引导的 关系词代替先行词在从句中 句子成分 定语 从句是不完整的 做宾语时可省略 在非限制性定语从句中 从句与主句用 隔开 定语从句与定语从句与 it 作形式主语和形式宾语以及名词性从句 作形式主语和形式宾语以及名词性从句 1 is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing 2 is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympics took place in Beijing 3 is known to us all the 2008 Olympics took place in Beijing 4 The 2008 Olympics took place in Beijing is known to us all A It B What C As D Which 当主语从句较长 而谓语较短时 常常将从句 而用 it 作为形式主语置 于句首 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句 代替整个 五五 主谓一致问题主谓一致问题 1 He is one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years 2 He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years A is B are C have been D has been 定语从句中当关系代词作主语时 谓语动词的单复数一般与 的单复数一 致 如果先行词被 the only 修饰时 谓语动词则用 形式 1 We should consider the students request the school library provide more books on popular science A that B when C which 8 D where 2 Could you consider the request is put forward by N1 middle school s students A who B which C whom D what 3 The result of the experiment was very good we hadn t expected A when B that C which D what 4 Finally the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police A Which B what C whatever D that 5 is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month 6 is reported in the newspapers talks between the two countries are making progress 7 The boys could not reach the shelf went to look for something to stand on A the tall of whom B the tallest of whom C the tallest one D the tallest of them 8 The retiring teacher made a speech she thanked the class for the gift A which B of which C in which D that 9 The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross river traffic is the heaviest A which where B at which which C at which where D which in which 10 Is this calculator you borrowed from him A which B one C the one D what 11 The best job is which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject A