定语从句 (2)

1 一 定义 在复合句中 修饰某一名词名词或代词代词的从句叫做定语从句 定定语语 定语用来限定 修饰名词或代词的 是对名词或代词起修饰 限定作用的词 短语 动词不定式短语 动名词 短语和分词短语 或句子 汉语中常用 的的 表示 主要由形容词担任 此外 名词 代词 数词 分词 副词 不定式以及 介词短语 也可以来担任 也可以由一个句子来担任 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前 作前置定语 短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后 作后置定语 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子 定语从句要放在所修饰的词后 如 1 The man who lives next to us is a policeman 2 You must do everything that I do 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词 定语从句放在先行词的后面 引导定语从句的词有关系代词关系代词 that which who 宾格 who 所有格 whose 和关系副词关系副词 where when why 关系词常有三个作用关系词常有三个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分 二 关系代词引导的定语从句二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人 在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略 1 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替 可省略 3 The man who whom you met just now is my friend 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys which 在句子中做主语 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday which 在句子中做宾语 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或者 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 5 The people that who come to visit the city are all here 在句子中做主语 6 Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 在句子中做宾语 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor 2 I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in whose 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired 5 Do you like the book whose color is yellow Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 注 注 that 用法用法 1 不不用用 that 的的情情况况 a 在引导非限定性定语从句时 错 The tree that is four hundred years old Is very famous here b 介词后不能用 2 We depend on the land from which we get our food We depend on the land that which we get our food from 2 只只能能用用 that 作作为为定定语语从从句句的的关关系系代代词词的的情情况况 a 在 there be 句型中 只用 that 不用 which b 在不定代词 如 any much many anything nothing the one all 等作先行词时 只用 that 不用 which c 先行词有 the only the very the same the last just 修饰时 只用 that d 先行词为序数词 数词 形容词最高级时 只用that 不能用 which e 先行词既有人 又有物时 f 先行词指物 在主句中作表语时 g 为了避免重复 h 先行词是 the way 或 the reason 时 that 可作关系副词 也可省略 i 主句的主语是疑问词 who which 时 举例 Is this the book that you borrowed in the library 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗 Who that break the window should be punished 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚 All that is needed is a supply of oil 所需的只是供油问题 Finally the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 三 关系副词引导定语从句三 关系副词引导定语从句 关关系系副副词词 关系副词 在句中作状语 关系副词 介词 关系代词 why for which where in at on which 介词同先行词搭配 when during on in which 介词同先行词搭配 1 where 指地点指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句 1 Shanghai is the city where I was born 2 The house where I lived ten y ears ago has been pulled down 2 when 引导定语从句表示时间时间 在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school 2 The time when we got together finally came 注 表示时间 time 一词的定语从句只用 when 引导 有时不用任何关系代词 当然也不用 that 引导 By the time you arrived in London we had stayed there for two weeks 到你到达伦敦的时候 我们在那里已经待了两个星期 3 I still remember the first time I met her 我仍然记得我第一次见到她 Each time he goes to business trip he brings a lot of living necessities such as towels soap toothbrush etc 每一次他去出差 他带来了生活必需品 如毛巾 肥皂 牙刷等 很多 3 why 指原因指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 1 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today 注意 关系副词引导的从句可以由 介词 关系代词 引导的从句替换 1 The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear 2 From the year when in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up 注 1 介词后面的关系代词不能省略 2 that 前不能有介词 3 某些在从句中充当时间 地点或原因状语的 介词 关系词 结构可以同关系副词 when where 和 why 互换 This is the house in which I lived two years ago This is the house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club Do you remember the day when you joined our club This is the reason why he came late This is the reason for which he came late 练习练习 一一 请分析一下定语从句 请划出定语从句 并标出先行词 1 Check the ways you study for an English test 2 Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar 3 You couldn t understand people who talked fast 4 I have some ideas that may help 5 They said something you didn t like 6 Can you think of any problems you have had recently 8 He would always take pride in everything good I do 9 My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school 10 What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey 12 If you know anyone else who collects them please tell me 13 Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries 4 14 If you know someone you know doing this you can ask them 15 All I ever wanted to do was traveling 二 用关系代词填空 that which who whom whose 1 This is the man wants to see you 2 The student answered the question is Zhang Hua 3 The man you went to see has come 4 The man I met yesterday lent me some money 5 The woman you saw is our geography teacher 6 The runner you are asking about is over there 7 The person you should write to is Mr Ball 8 The man was passing by saw what happened 9 Here is the pen you lost the day before yesterday 10 These books you lent me were very useful 11 The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten 12 A clock is a machine tells people the time 13 This is shirt I bought yesterday 14 A dictionary is a book gives the meaning to the word 15 The book is on the table is mine 16 The film they are talking about is very interesting 17 I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited 18 Is there anyone family is in Beijing 19 Show me the boy mother is a well known singer 20 The boy father is a teacher is good at English 三 单项选择三 单项选择 1 Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady comes from Beijing A who B which C whom D whose 2 What s the name of the program A which are listening B you are listening to C to that you are listening D that you are listening 3 The students were all interested you told them yesterday A in which B in that this C all that D in everything 4 He was the only person in his office was invited A whom B whose C that D which 5 This is the museum we visited last year A where B in which C which D in that 6 Charlie told his mother all had happened A that B what C which D who 7 Do you know the student A whom I often talk B with who I often talk 5 C I often talk with D that I often talk 8 I like the house windows face south A whose B who s C it s D its 9 Would you tell me where to get the dictionary A what I need B I need C which I need it D that I need it 10 The young woman I spoke just now is a young doctor A who B to whom C whom D that 练习练习 二二 1 Don t talk about such things of you are not sure A which B what C as D those 5 The wolves hid themselves in the places couldn t be found A that B where C in which D in that 6 The freezing point is the temperature water changes into ice A at which B on that C in which D of what 7 This book will show you can be used in other contexts A how you have observed B what you have observed C that you have observed D how that you have observed 8 The reason is he is unable to operate the machine A because B why C that D whether 9 I ll tell you he told me last week A all which B that C all that D which 10 That tree branches are almost bare is very old A whose B of which C in which D on which 11 I have bought the same dress she is wearing A as B that C which D what 12 He failed in the examination made his father very angry A which B it C that D what 13 We re talking about the piano and the pianist were in the concert we attended last night A which B whom C who D that 14 The girl an English song in the next room is Tom s sister A who is singing B is singing C sang D was singing 15 Those not only from books but also through practice will succeed A learn B who C that learns D who learn 16 Anyone this opinion may speak out A that against B that against C who is against D who are against 17 Didn t you see the man A I nodded just now B whom I nodded just now C I nodded to him just now D I nodded to just now 6 18 Can you lend me the novel the other day A that you talked B you talked about it C which you talked with D you talked about 19 Is there anything to you A that is belonged B that belongs C that belong D which belongs 20 How do you like the book It s quite different from I read last month A that B which C the one D the one what 21 Mr Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except who had already taken them A the ones B ones C some D the others 22 The train she was travelling was late A which B where C on which D in that 23 He has lost the key to the drawer the papers are kept A where B in which C under which D which 24 Antarctic we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round A which B where C that D about which 25 It s the third time late this month A that you arrived B when you arrived C that you ve arrived D when you ve arrived 26 It was in 1969 the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon A that B which C when D in which 27 May the fourth is the day we Chinese people will never forget A which B when C on which D about which 28 We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou live my grandparents and some relatives A which B that C who D where 29 The hotel during our holidays stands by the seaside A we stayed at B where we stayed at C we stayed D in that we stayed 30 Is it in that factory Red Flag cars are produced A in which B where C which D that 三选择三选择1 5 ADACC 6 10 ACABB 参考答案 1 5 AADBA 6 10 ABCCA 11 15 AADAD 16 20 CDDBC 21 25 ACBDC 26 30 AADAD 7 用关系代词或关系副词填空用关系代词或关系副词填空 1 The boy is playing ping pong is my classmate 2 The e mail I received yesterday was from my sister 3 I ll never forget the days we stayed together 4 Do you know the reason he didn t come to school today 5 The man hair is white is his grandfather 6 Is there a student father is a business man 7 This is the house in we have lived for 1