小学英语知识点

PEP 小学英语毕业总复习 一 学生易错词汇 1 a an 的选择 元音字母开头的单词用 an 辅音字母开头的单词 用 a 2 am is are 的选择 单数用 is 复数用 are I 用 am you 用 are 3 have has 的选择 表示某人有某物 单数用 has 复数用 have I you 用 have 4 there is there are 的选择 表示某地有某物 某人 单数用 there is 复数用 there are 5 some any 的选择 肯定句用 some 疑问句和否定句用 any 6 疑问词的选择 what 什么 who 谁 where 哪里 whose 谁的 why 为什么 when 什么时候 which 哪一个 how old 多大 how many 多少 how much 多少 钱 二 形容词比较级详解 当我们需要对事物作出比较时 需要用到比较级 比较级的句子结构通常 是 什么 动词 be am is are 形容词比较级 than 比 什么 如 I m taller and heavier than you 我比你更高和更重 An elephant is bigger than a tiger 一只大象比一只老虎更大 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的 它的变化规则是 一般的直接在词尾加 er 如 tall taller strong stronger 以 e 结尾的 直接加 r 如 fine finer 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的 先改 y 为 i 再加 er 如 funny funnier 双写最后的字母再加 er 如 big bigger thin thinner hot hotter 注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西 典型错误 My hair is longer than you 我的头发比你更长 比较的两者是我的头发 你 整个人 那么比较的对象就没有可比性 应该改为 My hair is longer than yours 或 My hair is longer than your hair 比较级专项练习 一 从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big 1 How is the Yellow River 2 How is Mr Green He s 175cm 3 How are your feet I wear size 18 4 How is the fish It s 2kg 二 根据句意写出所缺的单词 1 I m 12 years old You re 14 I m than you 2 A rabbit s tail is than a monkey s tail 3 An elephant is than a pig 4 A lake is than a sea 5 A basketball is than a football 三 根据中文完成句子 1 我比我的弟弟大三岁 I m than my brother 2 这棵树要比那棵树高 This tree than that one 3 你比他矮四厘米 You are than he 4 谁比你重 than you 四 根据答句写出问句 1 I m 160 cm 2 I m 12 years old 4 Amy s hair is 30 cm long 三 动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有 规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加 ed 如 worked learned cleaned visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d 如 lived danced used 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed 此类动词较少 如 study studied carry carried worry worried 注意 play stay 不是辅音字母加 y 所以不属于此类 双写最后一个字母 此类动词较少 如 stopped 不规则动词 此类词并无规则 须熟记 小学阶段要记住以下动词的 原形和过去式 sing sang eat ate see saw have had do did go went take took buy bought get got read read fly flew am is was are were say said leave left swim swam tell told draw drew come came lose lost find found drink drank hurt hurt feel felt 四 动词现在分词详解 动词的 ing 形式的构成规则 一般的直接在后面加上 ing 如 doing going working singing eating 以 e 结尾的动词 要先去 e 再加 ing 如 having writing 双写最后一个字母的 此类动词极少 有 running swimming sitting getting 五 人称和数 人称代词 主格宾格 物主代词 单数I 我 me my 我的 第一 人称复数we 我们 us our 我们的 单数you 你 you your 你的 第二 人称复数you 你们 you your 你们的 he 他 him his 他的 she 她 her her 她的 单数 it 它 it its 它的 第三 人称 复数they 他们 她们 它们 them their 他们的 她们的 它们 的 六 句型专项归类 1 肯定句 是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子 如 I m a student She is a doctor He works in a hospital There are four fans in our classroom He will eat lunch at 12 00 I watched TV yesterday evening 2 否定句 含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子 如 I m not a student She is not isn t a doctor He does not doesn t work in a hospital There are not aren t four fans in our classroom He will not won t eat lunch at 12 00 I did not didn t watch TV yesterday evening 注意 小结 否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 not 有 动词 be 的句子则 not 加在 be 后面 可缩写成 isn t aren t 但 am not 一般都分开写 没有动词 be 的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一 个助动词 do does did 然后在它后面加上 not 你也可以把它们 缩写在一起如 don t doesn t didn t 这三个助动词要根据人称和 时态来选择 其中 does 只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况 而 did 只用于一般过去时 不论主语是什么人称和数 都用 did 3 一般疑问句 是指询问事实的句子 此类句子必须用 yes 或 no 来 回答 如 Are you a student Yes I am No I m not Is she a doctor Yes she is No she isn t Does he work in a hospital Yes he does No he doesn t Are there four fans in our classroom Yes there are No there aren t Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes I am No I am not Yes we are No we aren t Will he eat lunch at 12 00 Yes I will No I will not won t Are they swimming Yes they are No they aren t Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes I did No I didn t 注意 小结 一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上 把动词 be 调到首位 其他照写 末尾标点符号变成问号即可 没有动词 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词 do does did 再把 紧跟在后面的动词变回原形 末尾标点符号变成问号即可 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择 其中 does 只用于一般现在时 主语是第三人称单数的情况 而 did 只用于一般过去时 不论主语是什 么人称和数 都用 did 一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致 即问句里的第一个单词 助动词 和简略答句里的这个词是一致的 4 特殊疑问句 以特殊疑问词 what where who which when whose why how 等 开头引导的句子 此类句子应该问什么就答什么 不能用 yes no 来回答 如 What is this It s a computer What does he do He s a doctor Where are you going I m going to Beijing Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike Which season do you like best Summer When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6 30 Whose skirt is this It s Amy s Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees How are you I m fine I m happy How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train 其中 how 又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问 如 how many 多少 数量 how much 多少 钱 how tall 多高 how long 多长 how big 多大 how heavy 多重 例句 How many pencils do you have I have three pencils How many girls can you see I can see four girls How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51 小结 how many 用来提问可数名词的数量 主要有以上三种句式搭配 How many 名词复数 do you have 你有多少 How many 名词复数 can you see 你能看见多少 How many 名词复数 are there 有多少 七 完全 缩略形式 I m I am he s he is she s she is they re they are you re you are there s there is they re they are can t can not don t do not doesn t does not isn t is not aren t are not let s let us won t will not I ll I will wasn t was not 总结 通常情况下 m 即 am s 即 is 但 let s let us re 即 are n t 即 not 但 can t can not 八 与字母相关的题型 注 五个元音字母是 Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu 一 将所给字母的大小写写在四线格上 Hh Rr Xx Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq Ii 二 写出下列字母的左邻右舍 1 Hh 2 Bb 3 Ll 4 Rr 5 Qq 6 Ww 三 用小写字母抄写下列单词 1 ROOM 2 UNDER 3 PLEASE 4 PICTURE 5 WHERE 6 TWINS 7 EXCUSE 8 HOW 9 CAKE 10 SMALL 三 将全是元音字母的那一组圈起来 1 a c e 2 i e o 3 v u k 4 e u I 5 J B I 6 E T V 7 E I O 8 A U E 四 写出与所给单词发音相同的字母 大小写 1 bee 2 sea 3 tea 4 are 5 why 6 you 九 pep 小学英语词汇不完全归类表 学习用品 school things pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔 pencil case 铅笔盒 ruler 尺子 book 书 bag 包 comic book 漫画书 post card 明信片 newspaper 报纸 schoolbag 书包 eraser 橡皮 crayon 蜡笔 sharpener 卷笔刀 story book 故事 书 notebook 笔记本 Chinese book 语文书 English book 英语书 math book 数学书 magazine 杂志 dictionary 词典 人体 body foot 脚 head 头 face 脸 hair 头发 nose 鼻子 mouth 嘴 eye 眼睛 ear 耳朵 arm 手臂 hand 手 finger 手指 leg 腿 tail 尾巴 颜色 colours red 红 blue 蓝 yellow 黄 green 绿 white 白 black 黑 pink 粉红 purple 紫 orange 橙 brown 棕 动物 animals cat 猫 dog 狗 pig 猪 duck 鸭 rabbit 兔 horse 马 elephant 大象 ant 蚂蚁 fish 鱼 bird 鸟 eagle 鹰 beaver 海狸 snake 蛇 mouse 老鼠 squirrel 松鼠 kangaroo 袋鼠 monkey 猴 panda 熊猫 bear 熊 lion 狮子 tiger 老虎 fox 狐狸 zebra 斑马 deer 鹿 giraffe 长颈 鹿 goose 鹅 hen 母鸡 turkey 火鸡 lamb 小羊 sheep 绵羊 goat 山 羊 cow 奶牛 donkey 驴 squid 鱿鱼 lobster 龙虾 shark 鲨鱼 seal 海豹 sperm whale 抹香鲸 killer whale 虎鲸 人物 people friend 朋友 boy 男孩 girl 女孩 mother 母亲 father 父亲 sister 姐妹 brother 兄弟 uncle 叔叔 舅舅 man 男人 woman 女人 Mr 先 生 Miss 小姐 lady 女士 小姐 mom 妈妈 dad 爸爸 parents 父母 grandparents 祖父母 grandma grandmother 外 祖母 grandpa grandfather 外 祖父 aunt 姑姑 cousin 堂 表 兄弟 堂 表 姐妹 son 儿子 daughter 女儿 baby 婴儿 kid 小孩 classmate 同学 queen 女王 visitor 参观者 neighbour 邻居 principal 校长 university student 大学生 pen pal 笔友 tourist 旅行者 people 人物 robot 机器人 职业 jobs teacher 教师 student 学生 doctor 医生 nurse 护士 driver 司机 farmer 农民 singer 歌唱家 writer 作家 actor 男演员 actress 女演 员 artist 画家 TV reporter 电视台记者 engineer 工程师 accountant 会计 policeman 男 警察 salesperson 销售员 cleaner 清 洁工 baseball player 棒球运动员 assistant 售货员 police 警察 食品 饮料 food ks swim swim 游泳 fly kites 放风筝 flai kaits skate skeit 滑冰 滑冰鞋 make a snowman 堆雪人 meik sn um n plant pl nt pl nt trees tri s 种树 why hwai 为什么 because bi k z 因为 sleep sli p 睡觉 Unit 3 Jan January d nju ri 一月 Feb February febru ri 二月 Mar March m t 三月 Apr April eipr l 四月 May mei 五月 June d u n 六月 July d u lai 七月 Aug Augest 八月 Sept September sep temb 九月 Oct October k t ub 十月 Nov November n u vemb 十一月 Dec December di semb 十二月 chart t t 图表 birthday b dei 生日 uncle kl 叔叔 舅舅 cousin k z n 堂 表 兄弟 堂 表 姐妹 first f st 第一 second sek nd 第二 third d 第三 forth f 第四 fifth fif 第五 eighth ei 第八 ninth nain 第九 twelfth twelf 第十二 twentieth twentii 第二十 send send 寄 发送 e card 电子卡片 i ka d her 她的 h able eibl 能 everybody evri b di 每个人 then en 那么 date deit 日期 Unit 4 draw pictures 画画 dr pikt z cook kuk dinner din 做饭 read a book 看书 ri d buk answer ns n the phone f un 接电话 talk t k 讲话 Children s Center 儿童活动中心 t ildr nz sent see you later 再见 si ju leit listen lis n to tu music mju zik 听音乐 clean kli n the room ru m rum 打扫房间 write rait a letter let 写信 write an e mail 写电子邮件 rait n n i meil mom 妈妈 m m grandpa r ndp 爷爷 外公 speak spi k to tu 和 讲话 call k l 打电话 study st di 书房 Unit 5 fly flai 飞 jump d mp 跳 walk w k 走 run r n 跑 swim swim 游泳 kangaroo k n ru 袋鼠 trunk tr k 象鼻 sleep sli p 睡觉 climb klaim 往上爬 fight fait 打架 swing swi 荡 荡秋千 drink dri k water w t 喝水 climber klaim 攀登者 Unit 6 take pictures pikt z 照相 watch w t insects insekt 观察昆虫 pick pik up leaves li vz 采摘树叶 do an experiment 做实验 du n n ik speriment ek s catch k t butterfly b t flai 捉蝴蝶 woods wuds 树木 ant nt 蚂蚁 interesting int risti 有趣的 honey h ni 蜂蜜 thing i 东西 物 count kaunt insects insekt 数昆虫 collect k lekt leaves li vz 收集树叶 write a report rait ri p t 写报告 play chess 下棋 plei t es have a picnic h v piknik 举行野餐 him 他 宾格 him leave li v 离开 us 我们 宾格 s over there 在那边 uv 09 10 四年级第一学期期末测试题 2010 1 20 一 火眼金睛 1 A tiger B monkey C bird 2 A jump B far C run 3 A July B thirteen C twenty 4 A turn left B turn on C turn right 5 A cool B make C hot 6 A sweets B plane C peanuts 7 A May B England C March 8 A high jump B long jump C get up 二 黄金搭档 A B 1 Can you run fast A I m going to do the high jump 2 What are you going to do B There are three books 3 What are you doing C I m reading 4 How many books are there in the bag D Yes please 5 Do you want some cake E No I can t 6 What is Sam doing F No I don t 7 Where is the supermarket G He is writing a letter 8 What are they doing H Turn right 9 Have you got a toy train I They are playing chess 10 Do you like September J No he can t 11 Can your father wash clothes K Yes I have 12 How many birthdays are there L Yes you can 13 Can I have some bread M There are twenty five 官方网站 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 三 连词成句 4 1 in July five birthdays there are 2 some sweets can I have 3 I m every day going to run 4 he jump far can 5 you the flute can play 6 the zoo are going to go to they 四 单项选择 9 1 Where s the supermarket please Go straight on It s near the park A I m sorry B Excuse me C Hello 2 I write an English letter It s difficult A can B am C can t 3 She going to visit his grandpa A is B am C are 4 Can you jump high A Yes I do B No I havent C No I can t 5 the light It s very dark A turn left B get up C turn on 6 sam You can run fast A Get up B Come on C come in 7 I am going to do the jump A long B too C for 8 she is going to Shanghai plane A on B by C in 五 根据表格内容 判断下列句子正误 正确的在在括号中打 不相符的打 ride bikes swim play footbal fly kites go to school l March Septembe r August October May 1 We can play football in March 2 We are going to fly kites in May 3 We can go to school in September 4 We are going to ride bikes in March and October 5 We are going toi swim in August and May 六 英语大闯关 每题只有一个正确答案 1 There are 28 or 29 days in A March B February C April 2 Mingming is 看电视 A watching TV B reading a book C listening to music 3 Can Sam jump high A I can B No he can t C Yes I do 4 15 2 A sixteen B twenty C seventeen 5 图标用英语怎么表示 A turn right B go straight on C turn left 6 What are you doing A I am going to play football B I m swimming C Go straight on 7 Do you want some noodles A Yes please B No I haven t C Thank you 8 大明告诉同伴 我打算参加跳高这个运动项目 A I m going to run the 100 metres B I m going to do the high jump C I m going to do the long jump 9 如果你想去西湖路 2 号 你应该怎样问路 A Where s the No 2 West Lake Road B Where s the No 2 East Lake Road C What s the No 2 West Lake Road 10 下列哪种食品属于 Chinese fast food A noodles B hamburger C vegetables 11 小芳正在赛跑 作为她的好朋友 你应该怎样为她 加油 A Come on Xiaofang B Good Luck Xiaofang C Hello Xiao fang 12 你想借文文一只笔 你应先说什么 A Excese me B Sorry C All right 官方网站 哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供 七 选出正确的单词来填空 1 Tomorrow Daming is going to get up at 2 He is going to go to 3 He is going to play 4 Daming is going to go 5 He is going to watch 6 He is going to go to 最新最全的小学英语语法总结 1 人称代词 主格 I we you she he it they 宾格 me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词 my our your her his its their football home school TV bed 7 o clock 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2 形容词和副词的比较级 1 一般在形容词或副词后 er older taller longer stronger etc 2 多音节词前 more more interesting etc 3 双写最后一个字母 再 er bigger fatter etc 4 把 y 变 i 再 er heavier earlier 5 不规则变化 well better much many more etc 3 可数词的复数形式 Most nouns s a book books Nouns ending in a consonant y y ies a story stories Nouns ending in s sh ch or x es a glass glasses a watch watches Nouns ending in o s or es a piano pianos a mango mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe f or fe ves a knife knives a shelf shelves 4 不可数名词 单复数形式不变 bread rice water juice etc 5 缩略形式 I m I am you re you are she s she is he s he is it s it is who s who is can t can not isn t is not etc 6 a an a book a peach an egg an hour 7 Preposition on in in front of between next to near beside at behind 表示时间 at six o clock at Christmas at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8 基数词和序数词 one first two second twenty twentieth 9 Some any I have some toys in my bedroom Do you have any brothers or sisters 10 be 动词 1 Basic form am are is 2 肯定和否定句 I am not from London My eyes are not small My hair is not long 3 一般疑问句 Am I a Chniese Yes you are No you aren t Are they American Yes they are No they aren t Is the cat fat Yes it is No it isn t 11 there be 结构 肯定句 There is a There are 一般疑问句 Is there Yes there is No there isn t Are there Yes there are No there aren t 否定句 There isn t There aren t 12 祈使句 Sit down please Don t sit down please 13 现在进行时 通常用 now 形式 be verb ing eg I am not doing my homework You We They are not reading He She It is not eating 动词 ing 的形式 Most verbs ing walk walking Verbs ending in e e ing come coming Short verbs ending in a vowel a consonant run running swim swimming 14 一般现在时 通常用 usually often every day sometimes 形式 肯定句 I go to school on foot every day She goes to school on foot every day 一般疑问句 Do you jump high Yes I do No I don t Does he jump high Yes he does No he doesn t 否定句 We don t go to school on Sundays My mother d