高考语法填空专项训练——介词

1、语法填空专项训练 - 介词介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的，占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定，所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词)，主要考点有：1. 表示时间介词有at, in, on表示时间点和时间段by 不迟于，到 时为止after在 之后before 在 之前for 表示一段时间during在 期间within在 期间，不超过since 自从 throughout贯穿 期间until/till直到from to 从 到between 在 之间over 在 期间，过完一段时间2. 表示方位的介词有into 进入out of

2、 从 出来(a)round围饶着或在 的各处along 沿着towards 向或朝着to 到或向from 从up 沿 而上off 从 离开或下来at 朝着或向着for 到 去down 沿.而下at 在某一点或在 (某物 )旁in 在某一范围内on 在某物的表面上between 在 (两者 )之间above 在 的上头或高出below 在 下面或低于among 在 (多者 )之中around 在 周围inside 在 的里面outside 在 的外面before 在 之前behind 在 的后面over 在 的上方或上面under 在 的下面或下方；beside/by在 的旁边near 在 的附

3、近beyond 在 的那一边，远于，超过 (某事物的范围 )across 在 的对面或那一边against 靠着across 从一边到另一边by/past 从某人或某物的旁边经过over 从某人或某物的上空经过through从某事物的里面经过。3. 表示原因的介词有because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at( at 常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因，相当于“听到或看到 ” )等。4. 表示方式、方法或手段的介词有By 乘、坐、骑 (接交通工具 ), 靠、通过in 用 (某种语言或材料，如墨水, 抽象的文具in ink, in pen

4、, in pencil等 )with 用 (具体的工具 )，和 一起；through通过 (实践或书本 )等。5. 表示 “除 外”的介词有except, besides, but, except for等。6. 表示 “数量 ”的介词有 about (大约 ), around (大约 ), over( 超过 ) 等表示 “关于 ”的介词有 on, about 等；表示 “所属 ”“部分与整体关系 ”的介词 有 of表示 (增加 /减少，相差，高出等的)程度的介词 有 by以及 as(当作，作为 )，like (像 一样 )等。7. 能接复合宾语的介词有with 和 without8. 短语中

5、的介词 。“动词 +介词 ” 短语，“动词 +副词 +介词 ” 短语“动词 +名词 +介词 ” “名词 +介词 ”，look after, care for ， congratulations on 等；catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in 等； take are of, take notice of 等；effect on 等。解题技巧 ：1. 什么情况下可能是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点：(1) 介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者what从句；(2) 名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词

6、的宾语。因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。2. 应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外，以下几条思路对解题非常有用：(1) 由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。例 1 He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.分析 ：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因 而累 ”， be tired from也可填 from 。也是固定短语，故(2)由

7、所处句型的特殊需要来确定。例 2Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peopleoften interesting stories.分析 ：因 these proverbs 是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示 “在 背后 ”，用介词behind。these proverbsdailylifethere. are“在中国的这些成(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语 +宾补 )的介词只能是with 或 without 。

8、例 3 You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. ( 福建 )(4)考虑介词(空格 )与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系，或者介词(空格 )与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。例4 the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me _a guest in their house.分析 ：句意是 “把我们作为客人接待”，表示

9、“当作，作为 ”用介词as。一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽 )2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you d betterthleaveback_door. ( 北京 )3. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men. ( 福建 )4. You have no idea how she fin

10、ished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. ( 福建 )5.I like Mr. Miner s speech; it was clear and_ the point. ( 辽宁 )6.Let s learn to use the problem we facingare _ a stepping-stone to future success. ( 宁夏 )7.Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. ( 全国 )8.I be

11、gan to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. ( 山东 )9.Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. ( 陕西 )10.Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ the weather. ( 浙江 )11.This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. ( 北京

12、)12.Although _ my opinion, the old professor didn t come 福up建with) his own. (13._ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other s breathing and could almost hear湖our南 )own heartb14.Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. ( 江西 )15. Experts have b

13、een warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. ( 江西 )16. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全国 I)17. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days. (全国 II)18.Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves.(四川 )19.The open

14、-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. (浙江 )20.Sorry, Madam. You d better come tomorrow because it s _the福建visiting) hours. (21.It s quite_ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽 )22.- It s a top secret.-Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me.(上海 )23.Peopl

15、e have always been curious _ how living things on the earth exactly began.(辽宁 )24. After the earthquake, the injured were cared _ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西 )25.I would like a job which pay s more, but _ the other hand I enjoy the work I m doing浙江

16、at the) moment. (26.More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis nowadays. ( 上海 )27.Leave your key with a neighbor _ case you lock yourself out one day. ( 北京 )28.Village rs here depend on the fishing industry, _ which there won上海t)be much work. (29.For many cities in the world, there is no r

17、oom to spread out further, _ which New York is an example. ( 四川 )30.By nine o clock, all the Olympic torch bearersadhreached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _which appeared a rarerainbow soon.(福建 )31.The book was written in 1946, _ when the education system has witnessed great charges.(山东 )32.He was ed

18、ucated at the local high school, _ which he went on to Beijing University.(江苏 )33. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _which they can be controlled on purpose. (重庆 )二、语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空。Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day1_children to

19、 honor their fathers began inSpokane, Washington. A woman2_the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought3_ the idea for Fathers Day whilelistening to a Mothers Day sermon4_ 1909.Having been raised5_ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know howspecial he was6_h

20、er. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,7 _the eyes of his daughter,a courageous, selfless, and loving man. Sonoras father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration8_ Spokane, Washington9_the 19th of June, 1910.In 1924 President Calvin Cooli

21、dgeannounced the third Sunday in June10_Fathers Day. Roses are the Fathers Dayflowers.一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。1. into2. by3. by4. with5. to6. as7. about8. at9. beyond10. for11. for12. against13. In14. of15. for16. for17. besides 18. between19. of20. beyond21. beyond 22. between 23. about24. for25. on26. of2

22、7. in28. without29. of30. above31. since32. after33. to二、语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空。1. for2. by3. of4. in5. by6. to7. in8. in9. on10. as语法填空专项训练 -连词在近两年广东高考的语法填空中连词，大点：考点 1：并列连词都是两小题，占语法填空的五分之一，是考查的一个重要项目，具体考点有以下4示联合and(同，和 ), when(=and just at this time 就在这时 nor（既不 也不 ） neither), not only but (also)(不仅 而且 ),示选择

23、or( 或者，否则 ), otherwise( 否则 ), or else(否则 ), either.or( 不是 就是 )示转折but(但是，可是，只是因为), yet(可是 ), not but 不(是 而是 )示对比while( 而、却)示因果注： (1) whenfor （因为）和作并列连词，主要用于so（所以，因此）was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did;was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did;was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等

24、句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。(2) 在 “祈使句 +and/or+ 陈述句 ”句型中，祈使句表示条件，and/or 后的句子表示结果。一、单句填空：用适当的连词填空。并列句1.I thought we d be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time.( 湖南 )2.Stand over there _ you ll be able to see the oil painting better. ( 全国 )3.He found it increasingly

25、difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.( 山东 )4.The artist was born poor, _ poor he remained all his life.( 重庆 )5.In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. (四川 )6.You have failed two tests. You d better start working harder, _ you wo

26、n(北京 t )pass the course.7.Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _ the way they actually are. (湖南 )8.Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _ their education that causes misunderstanding. (全国 I )9.He was about halfway through his meal _a familia

27、r voice came to his ears.(辽宁 )10. I grew up in Africa _ at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.(辽宁 )考点 2：引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些从句的连词有：(1) 连词 that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。(2)连词 whether ：有 “是否 ”之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if 。(3)连接代词： who

28、(m), whose, which, what 等均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。其中what 除有 “什么 ”“多么 ”外，还有 “所 的 ”之意，相当于 the thing(s) that 。(4) 连接副词： when, where, why, how 等，有意义，在从句中作状语。(5)whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，意为“无论 /不管 ”。名词性从句11. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of tr

29、ansport in the 21st century. ( 北京 )12._ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(山东 )13.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. ( 浙江 )14.Tomorrow is Tom s birthday. Have you got any idea _ the party is to be held?

30、陕西( )15. The news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday上海) s newspaper. (16. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. ( 天津 )17. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. ( 浙江 )18.Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lig

31、hts were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. ( 湖南 )19.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. ( 天津 )20.Why not try your luck downtown, Bo b? That s _ the best jobs are浙.江( )考点 3：引导定语从句的关系词定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。引导定语从句的关

32、系代词和关系副词及使用场合如下表：先行词主 语宾语定 语状 语人who/thatwhom/who/ 省略whose物which/whichwhich/that/ 省略whose/of which时间when地点wherethe waythat/in which/ 省略the reasonwhy注：(1) 先行词是 occasion 常用 when，先行词是 case, situation, scenes等时常用 where。(2) 关系副词 when 和 where 有时可用 “介词 which ”代替， why 可用 for which 代替。(3) 以下情况只能用 that 引导定语从句：

33、 当先行词是指物的 all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few,much, any, every, no 等修饰时。 先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括 last, next) 、最高级形容词及the only, the very 等修饰时。先行词包括人和物时。当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that 引导。(4) 不能用 that 引导定语从句的情况在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用tha

34、t 引导。直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that 引导，要用 whom, whose 或 which ，且不能省略。当先行词是指人的 all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, those, people, he 等时，只能用 who。当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。(5) 在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体 ”的关系时，用 of which/whom 或者 of which/whom都可以。定语从句21.The Science Museum, _ _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain

35、, is one of London江苏s) tourist attr22.Chan s restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business浙.江( )23.All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (安徽 )24.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors

36、, most of _ are beyond our control. (湖南 )25.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of _ were made of small diamonds. ( 陕西 )26. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. ( 全国 )27. We shouldn t spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healt

37、hy北京.( )28. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with any kids. ( 山东 )29.They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. ( 重庆 )30.Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(江西 )31.

38、The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. ( 福建 )32. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she had to decide what to do. ( 江西 )33. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight( 看到 ) matters more than hearing. ( 天津 )34.Last week, only

39、 two people came to look at the house, neither of _ wanted to buy it. ( 安徽 )35.It is reported that two schools, both of _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. ( 四川 )考点 4：引导状语从句的连词种类连词时间状when（当 时），while （在 期间），as（当 ，一边 一边 ）， before（在 之前），after（在 之后），语从句since（从 以来）， till/until （直到）， wh

40、enever（无论何时） ， as soon as（一 就）地点状语从句原因状语从句where (在 的地方 )， wherever( 在 的任何地方 )because(因为 ), as(由于 ), since(既然 ), now 取豪夺 (that)(既然 ), when( 既然 ), seeing (that) (由于，鉴于 ), considering (that)( 考虑到 ), given (that) ( 考虑到 )目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句方式状语从句状语从句so(以便 ), that(以便 ), so that( 以便，为了 ), in ord

41、er that ( 为了，以便 )；in case(以防，以免 ), lest(免得，以防 ), for fear that( 以免，惟恐 )so that（以致，结果） ，so that, such（that如此 以至于）if, unless (=if 如果not不 ，除非 ), as/so long as(只要 ), while(=as long as 只要 ), supposing (that)/provided /providing (that)( 假如 ), in case(假使 ), on condition that( 在 的条件下 )although, though, as,

42、while( 虽然 ), even if/though( 即使 ), whether or不(论/不管 还是 ) 以及 “疑问词 +ever ”和 “no matter+疑问词 ”as.as（和 一样）， not as/so.as（和 不一样）， than（比）， the more.the more（越 越）as(正如 )， as if 或 as though(好像 )36.Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. ( 福建 )37.I m sorry you ve been wai

43、ting so long, but it ll still be some time北京Brian) gets back. (38.The research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. ( 安徽 )39.- Did you return Fredl? s cal- I didn t need to _ I ll see him tomorrow北京). (40.- Why didn t you tell him about the meeting?

44、- He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. ( 四川 )41.“ You can t have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,广东 ) ” the42.You d better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it山.(东 )43.In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can

45、save lives. ( 重庆 )44.In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help _ there is human suffering. ( 江西 )45.A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for baggage. ( 全国 )46._ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. ( 全国 II)47.You will be successful in th

46、e interview _ you have confidence. (福建 )48.His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it. ( 陕西 )49._ _ the Internet is of great help, I don t think it s a good idea to spend湖南too) muc50.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even _ they knew it to be valuable. ( 浙江 )51._ hungry I

47、am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. ( 辽宁 )52.The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt _ the season is. ( 宁夏 )53.All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. ( 重庆 )54. Engines

48、are to machines _ hearts are to animals. ( 山东 )55. Don t promise anything _ you are one hundred percent sure. (2008浙江卷 )解题技巧：若两个句子 (有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。然后根据某人从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连词。如：一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定关系词，若在从句中作主语和宾语，用关系代词，若作状语就用关系副词。实例剖析 例 1One day, he came up with an idea35he would pluck ( 拔 )up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the