信息管理与信息系统专业英语考试复习题

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专心-专注-专业信息系统与信息管理专英语复习一、词汇题（英译汉+汉译英 以下分栏的是课件上部分红色单词，未分栏的是与专业相关的课件上的词汇，个人感觉比较重要，所以整理了一下，翻译均来自网上在线翻译，可能个别有问题，发现后请及时改正。不周之处以课件为准。祝大家考出好成绩！）collar（项圈）Startled（大吃一惊）gasped (气呼呼) project management：项目管理Project initiation and PIDRequirements elicitation(获取) & collectionRequirements collati

2、on(校对) & conflict managementO-O programmingParallel programmingComplexity（复杂性）Cabling & Wiring（布电缆和电线）inclusions(加入部分)compatibility（兼容性）interference(干扰)side-effects(副作用)Direct cut-over to new part of systemParallel running of new part with previous partPilot(试点) cut-over of one departmentPie

3、cewise(分段) cut-overPrepare rolling plan(后续计划) for future upgrades Pay all outstanding accounts(未付清的帐) temptation(诱惑)contingency(不测事件) anticipated(期望)deviate(偏离轨道) irresistible(无法抗拒)dictate(要求) trade-offs(权衡) inherent(不可分割)phenomenon(现象)axes(中心)juggle(杂耍) disabled (残疾)handicapped(弱智)availability (可用性

4、)phases（阶段）participate（参与）objective（目标）segments（分块）fixed（固定）size（规模）complexity （复杂程度）Preliminary（初步） investigation cross-life-cycle(横跨生命周期) Fact-finding（事实发现）Presentation（交流讲座）Approximate（大约的,近似的）productivity(工作效率)quality(素质)ongoing(持续不断的)Participants(参与人员) Management(管理人员)analysts(分析员)supervisor(主管

5、)alternative(可选的)Submit(提交) corporate(公司的) charters(章程）paperwork(文书工作) pervasive(蔓延)sense(认识) justify(证明。正确) expenditures(开销)introduced( 进行) radical(彻底的)warranted(有正当理由)tinkering(修补) price tag(价格说明)tangible(有形)streamlined(简化使效率更高)wrap up(把.写进)proceed(执行)capabilities(能力)productive(富有成效)JAD(联合应用开发) yi

6、eld (产生。效果) anonymous（匿名的）ambiguous(含糊不清) follow up（弄明白）falsify(假装) grips with (运用)Connectivity diagrams(关联图)Grid charts(栅格图)deliberately(周密地)encapsulated(压缩)consistency(一致性）completeness(完整性)conformance(符合性)hardcopy(硬拷贝)volume(卷) interface(通过接口链接)be tied(连接) to snooping(偷听) from scratch(从头做起)outsour

7、ce(转包给) lease(租用) chip(芯片)Convert (转换成)to the new systemCompile(编辑) final documenthandheld(手持) elaborate(精心计划的，详尽组织的) coordination(协调) fall back on(退而求其次的补救)Pilot(试点) confined(限制在) point out(指出) neglected（忽视）contracted out(转包给其它公司)multimedia presentation(多媒体讲座) audits(稽查) keep pace with (跟上。步伐)prese

8、t criteria(评估标准)step in(介入)The Stages in development在发展阶段 Project initiation and PID项目启动和PID Requirements engineering需求工程 System design系统设计 Software construction软件建设 Hardware purchase硬件采购 Integration & system testing集成与系统测试 Installation & cut-over安装和切换 Project close-down项目关闭 Maintenance维修 PM

9、 primer 项目管理入门decipher(译解密码) substitution(替换)offsetting(偏移)cryptography (密码使用法) Deep Crack(解壳)handcuffed (用手铐锁着)bio-toxin formula(生物霉素配方)decrypt(解开) asymmetric scheme(不对称方法)a public key(公钥)tampered with(篡改) malicious(恶意的)public-key infrastructure (PKI)(公钥基础设施)certificate authorities (CA)(认证中心)compet

10、itive positioning(竞争定位)within the reach of (伸手可及的，在。范围之内)mastery(控制)dysfunctions(混乱的)articulated (清楚地表达)sustainable (page11 翻译错，在这儿应翻译成“可持续的” ) brand equity(品牌效益)sustainable competitive advantage (可持续竞争优势) occasionally（偶尔）current information critical(关键信息) business environmental scanning systems(商业环

11、境检测系统)barriers to entry”商业壁垒)Leverage IT investment( IT投资耗用)input (投入)entail(承受)indomitable brand(好品牌)economies of scale(规模经济效益)economies of scope(范围经济效益)practices(惯例,常规做法)mass customization (大规模定制)proprietary(专有的)differentiation(差异)switching costs(转换成本)Further development< >future development

12、(注意，不要混淆)topologies(拓扑)2)unit3-partI1lesson7-2thermodynamics(热力学) statistical mechanics(统计力学)formulation(形成)randomness(无序性)spaces(空格) probabilities(概率)weighted(权重的)minimum channel capacity(最小信道容量)mathematical expectation(数学期望值) statistical properties(统计特性) occurrence frequencies (共现频率)inspiration(启示

13、，a sudden good idea)Empirically(根据经验来看)non-lossy(无失真，无损)arithmetic coding(算术编码)extensive(大量) components(组件)logistics(物流)extensive(大量) introduced(引进)in terms of (就.而言) Millennium(一千年)rationalization(使.合理化)piecemeal（一块一块地）introduced(引进) incorporated(包含) sophisticated(精密的) Millennium(一千年)embedded(嵌入) r

14、ationalization(使.合理化)commonality(共性)专业词汇集：B to B 企业对企业（也称为商家对商家或商业机构对商业机构）的电子商务；B to C Business to Customer 企业到用户的电子商务模式；C to C 客户对客户；Business transaction商业交易E-retailer企业E-mall电子商城E-book电子书E-cash/E-check (cheque) /E-wallet电子现金、电子支票（支票）/电子钱包Electronic commerce strategies电子商务战略Electronic commerce paym

15、ent systems电子商务支付系统File transfer protocol文件传输协议Hypertext transfer protocol 超文本传输协议Uniform resource locator统一资源定位器Hypertext markup language (Html)超文本标记语言（HTML）Global information infrastructure 全球信息基础设施Credit card/ debit card信用卡/借记卡Digital cash数字现金Electronic funds transfer电子资金转帐Secure socket layer安全套接

16、字层Secure electronic transaction安全电子交易Internet bill payment 互联网账单支付Automate teller(?) machine (ATM)自动提款机（？）机（ATM）Market share市场份额Network protocol网络协议Online catalog 在线目录第9章profiteers (牟取暴利者)Memorandum(协议书)Digital divide(数字鸿沟)Gross Domestic Product (国内生产总值)business practices(习惯做法)a rallying cry(集体呼声) l

17、ess popular（少欢迎）.rests on(依赖)Information entropy信息熵/information theory信息理论/ probability distribution/概率分布/ plus/ subtract (deduce) /multiply /divide/加/减（演绎）/乘法/除法/ square (square-root) /cube (cube-root)/平方（平方根）/立方体（立方体根）/formula / function/expression公式/功能/表达nth-power /nth-root n次方/ n次方根 positive num

18、ber/ negative number/正/负数/ real-number/ imaginary number/实数/虚数/Decimal /fraction/ remainder/integer 小数部分/剩余/整数 non-lossy compression非有损压缩discrete mathematic/ higher mathematic/离散数学、高等数学/ probability theory/概率论/geometry /几何/ statistics/ 统计/linear algebra/线性代数/operation research 运行研究N-ary entropy n叉熵F

19、irst-order 第一阶第十章词汇(Vocabulary)Networked Economy网络经济Takein account把考虑Digital divide (p.98)数字鸿沟（p.98）Sales tax/tax revenue 销售税/税收入Power plant (power station)电厂（电站）Global positioning system (GPS)全球定位系统（GPS）Personal digital Assistants (PDAs)个人数字助理（PDA）Moors law(p104)摩尔定律（P104）Radio Frequency Identifica

20、tion Devices (RFID)射频识别装置（RFID）Transistor-electronic on/off switches晶体管的电子开关Fiber-optic cable 光纤电缆Copper wire铜线Two-way ticket/communication medium两张单程票/通信介质Bandwidth/computer chip带宽/计算机芯片Shareware/firmware/software/hardware共享软件/固件/软件/硬件Cornerstone/ milestone基石/里程碑Adult-oriented (p115) /object-orient

21、ed成人导向（P115）/面向对象 premise /promise (p122)假设/承诺（P122）Contactless toll card非接触式收费卡Commodity combination商品组合Cost curve成本曲线Automobile/automotive industry 汽车/汽车产业Broadband access宽带接入Deflation/inflation 通缩和通胀Socialist /capitalist /collective/market/state-owned/ Planned economy.社会主义与资本主义/集体/市场/国有计划经济。Devel

22、oping /developed country 发展/发达国家Primary/secondary/ tertiary industry 第一/第二/第三产业Scarcity 稀缺性Underdevelopment /underdeveloped 不发达或不发达Economic depression/slump 经济衰退/萧条Purchasing/buying power 采购权力Raw material 原料definition of scarcity(稀少性定义)consumer attention span(消费者注意广度)commodity(商品)amplified (扩大)physi

23、cal strength(体力)dexterity(熟练)high school(高中)restructuring(调整) digital divide(数字鸿沟)characteristics(类型的人)implications(涉及) significant(重大的)subject(解决)across state lines(跨州)franchise(特殊产品经销)subject(上交) remit(免除)imposition（税收）moratorium(延期)spawned(产生)stakeholder(利益相关方)out-side the box(创新，新奇)contactless t

24、oll cards(非接触式交费卡) miniaturized electronic circuitry(微型电路)shrinking(缩小) marvel(惊奇的事) Moor s law(摩尔定律)magnified(放大，扩大)far-reaching implications(深远意义)voice traffic (语言业务)In a sense(在某种意义上)consensus(共识) commandment(戒律)a credit union(信用合作社)nondestructive(非破坏的)snoop(探听)bear false witness(做伪证的人)volatility

25、(变化无常) nominal(名义上)第十二章词汇Decision maker/making/theory/support system 决策者/制作/理论/支持系统Group DSS 群体决策支持系统Mathematics (math)/management/operation research/ statistics/ psychology/ philosophy/ physics /chemistry/ geometry/ linear algebra/ higher mathematics/ discrete mathematics /macro-economic/micro-econ

26、omic / economics/probability theory/geography/ biology /history 数学（数学）/管理/研究/统计/心理学/哲学/物理/化学/几何、线性代数、高等数学、离散数学、宏观/微观经济/经济/概率理论/地理/生物/历史Normative/ prescriptive 标准/规范Method/ model/methodology 方法/模型/方法 Hypothesis 假设，假说；逻前提；Software package/ software module/software model (p136)软件包/软件模块/软件模型 expert syst

27、em专家系统；Office automation system办公室自动化系统；Algorithm (decision tree, support vector machine, association rule, clustering, classification, bayesian ) 算法（决策树，支持向量机，关联规则，聚类，分类，贝叶斯）Distributed computing分布式计算（技术）；Rational decision法合理决策；Cost-effective/cost-reduction 成本效益/成本的降低ACM SIGBDP conference (Associat

28、ion for Computing Machinery -Special Interest Group on Business Data Processing ) ACM SIGBDP会议（计算机械协会在商业数据处理的特殊利益集团）AI (artificial intelligence) 计人工智能；Model-driven DSS模型驱动的决策支持系统Information system design and optimization system信息系统的设计与优化系统Firmware/groupware/shareware固件/组件/共享Vantage point/starting po

29、int /end point华帝点/起点/终点Sort out 整理Computer-aided decision system 计算机辅助决策系统Paper/dissertation/ thesis 文/研究/论文Spreadsheet 电子表格Relational database products关系型数据库产品Process duration过程的持续时间Subroutine 子程序Real estate industry 房地产行业Trade association/ association rule 贸易协会/关联规则Textbook knowledge (p139)课本上的知识F

30、uzzy logic模糊逻辑Cognitive process认知过程interdisciplinary(跨学科)statistics(统计学)philosophy(哲学)psychology(心理学)normative(标准化的)prescriptive(规范性的)methodologies(方法论)hypotheses(假说)against(依据) rationality(合理性)incommensurable commodities (没有可比性的商品)heartland(中心地区=核心部分)objective financial value(客观价值)dilutions(稀释) sub

31、jective expected utility( 主观期望效用) controversial(争议)proponents(支持者)maintain(坚决主张/assert)paradoxes(自相矛盾，悖论)arise from (appear, happen) departures from(背离) theorems(定理) derivable(可引出的)a windfall(横财) in the first place(首要，首位).a course of action(行动的过程) a psychological construct(心里学的构建体)imputes(归因于) commi

32、tment(承诺的义务)bi-polar(两极) extraversion(外向)introversion(内向)empirical(经验的)biases(倾向性）calling into question(对.带来问题)Premature(过早地)biases(偏见)calling into question(对.有异议)Premature(未成熟) Conservatism(保守主义) inertia(惰性) Experiential(经验的) screen-out(用屏幕把隔开/挡住) salient(非常重要的，突出的). in a positive light(事物好的一面)dist

33、ort(歪曲) Repetition(重复性) shapes(影响)credibility(可信性、信任)Incremental decision making(渐进决策)escalating commitment(顽固认同) 第13章 第七单元词汇Data dictionary/data warehouse/ data redundancy /data mining/data security/ data integrity/data backup/data recovery/data modeling/data model 数据字典、数据仓库、数据冗余、数据挖掘、数据安全、数据完整性、数据

34、备份、数据恢复、数据建模、数据模型Entity/Entity Relationship/entity identification 实体、实体关系实体识别 Attribute/multi-valued attribute/single-valued attribute / derived attribute/attribute inheritance/ attribute value/simple attribute/composite attribute多值属性/属性/单值属性/导出属性/属性继承/属性值/属性/复合属性Conceptual methodology/ physical met

35、hodology/ logic methodology 方法论/方法/物理概念的逻辑方法primary key/ foreign key/ composite key/candidate key主键/外键/复合键/候选键Normal form (范式)Information Retrieval (IR) （信息检索）Bottom-up approach/ top-down approach 自下而上的方法和自上而下的方法Concurrency control /access control 并发控制、访问控制Fact-finding 发现事实Privilege 特权Subclass/super

36、-class子类的超类Update anomalies更新异常UML (unified model language) UML（统一建模语言）Referential integrity 参照完整性Tuple (record) 元组（记录）Integrity constraints 完整性约束Index card索引卡Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) 关系数据库管理系统（RDBMS）Bottle-neck瓶颈Deadlock僵局Database architecture 数据库体系结构 Query processing 查询处理Secur

37、ity mechanisms 安全机制One-to-one/one-to-many/many-to-many一对一、一对多、多对多chiseled(刻在) index cards(索引卡)retrieval(检索)index cards(索引卡).vague(不清楚)formidable(困难的)coupled(耦合的)formulated(确切地阐述出)vehicle(工具) state-of-the-art(最高水平) a theoretical model(理论模型) abound in(大量存在于) the solar system(太阳系)ultimately (最终) coinci

38、de with(一致)rigour(严密性)prerequisite(先决条件) sound(完好的) pragmatically(务实的) appeal(吸引)resilient(适应力强的)catastrophes(灾难)volatility(变化)overheads(开支)iterate(重述)第十四章：词汇Business intelligence 商业智能Data set 数据集Machine learning机器学习（能力），机器改进（能力）；Association algorithm/regression algorithm /classification algorithm 关

39、联算法/回归/分类算法Statistical analyst统计分析师Server platform/ pattern recognition 服务器平台/模式识别value(益处)the nontrivial(非琐碎的，非没有价值的)implicit(暗含的)algorithms(算法) Regression(回归) intuition(直觉)stick around(徘徊) turned around(好转) perceived(领悟)because of*(由于)词汇预测：（看看预测的准不准，嘿嘿）1.Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 系统开发生

40、命周期2. process management 进程管理3. project management 项目管理4.feasibility study 可行性研究5.Business Process Redesign(BPR) 商业过程再设计、业务流程再造6. price tag 价格说明7. alternative solutions 可选方案 8. organization chart 组织图 9. Data Flow Diagram 数据流图10. Connectivity diagram 关联图 11. Grid chart 栅格图 12. Decision table 决策表13. O

41、bject-oriented analysis (OOA) 面向对象的分析14. PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) 程序评估审阅技术15. Unit testing 局部测试16. Parallel approach 并行实现 17. Phased approach 分段实现18. Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS) 电子演示支持系统19. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) 电子转账系统20. Secure Electronic Transaction (

42、SET) 安全电子交易21. Internet Bill Payment/Presentment (IBPP) 电子转账缴费转账提示 22.Online Analytical Processing(OLAP) 联机分析处理23. Special Interest Group on Business Data Processing（SIGBDP） 商业数据处理专业组24. Decision Support System（DSS ）决策支持系统 25.Management Information System（MIS ） 管理信息系统26. Technical Problem Summary（TP

43、S ）技术问题摘要 27.Enterprise Resource Planning （ERP ）企业资源计划28.Manipulation Part 控制部分29. Relational Database Management System（RDBMS ）关系型数据库管理系统30.Attribute Value 属性值 31.Data Warehouse 数据仓库32. Data Refresh 数据刷新 33.Iterative Approach 迭代方法34. Data Definition Language （DDL ）数据描述语言35.Department of Commerce Su

44、rvey 商业调查部36. Digital Subscribe Loop（DSL） 数字用户线环路2、 句子翻译（4*4=16 1*5=5 共21分）1、 From time to time, organizations need to change their information systems, in response to new marketing opportunities, modified government regulations, the introduction of new technolog, merger with another company, or oth

45、er developments. 译文：不时，一些机构需改变它们的信息系统，以适应新的市场机会、修改的政府规章、引进的新技术、公司的合并或其他的发展。2、 Ineed,in progressive companies ,management may require employee input in developing new systems through a process called JAD (Joint Applications Development),which uses highly organized ,intensive workshops to bring togeth

46、er system owners ,user,analysts, and designers to jointly define and design system .译文：实际上，对于那些能不断进取的公司，其管理需要将员工融入到一个称之为JAD过程（联合应用开发）的新的系统中去，JAD通过使用高度有组织的、集中式的工作场地将系统所有者、用户、分析人员和设计人员汇集在一起进行定义和设计系统。1.Whereas at one time the debate in most business focused on whether to engage in electronic commerce ,

47、today the debate concerns exactly how to go about engaging in electronic commerce.译文：虽然大多数企业的争论曾一度聚焦在是否参与电子商务，而今天的争论却是如何参与电子商务。3、 选择题（不知道会怎么出题，这是网上百度的）As the strategic support role,information systems can support a company's competitive positioning (l)The supports of help in the piloting of the

48、chain of internal value. They are the most recent,the most_performance_ and are within the reach of the manager They are the solutions of reductions of costs and management of the_articulated _. One_ set_ them under the name of “Business Workflow Analysis”( BWA) or of “Business Management Systems Pe

49、er To Peer(p2p)”Tools networks,they assure the control of the piloting of the_indicates _ of the functions of the company,the mastery in real time of the costs of dysfunctions cause distances from accounts,evaluation and reporting of accounting results_pragmatic _ in the evaluation and in the report

50、ing of results qualityindicates articulated pragmatic performance set四、阅读理解(百度的，仅供参考)1、 Different organizations may refer to the systems development life cycle by different names - such as applications development cycle.systems development cycle, or structured development life cycle - or, indeed, so

51、metimes by no name at all. However,the general objectives remain the same. the number of steps necessary to complete the cycle may also vary from one company to another, depending on the level of detail necessary to effectively administer and control systems development. One way to look at systems d

52、evelopment is to divide it into six phases The FIrst Phase: Conduct a Preliminary Investigation In this step, you need to find out what the organization's objectives are and to explore the nature and scope of the problems under study. Determine the organization' s objectives: Even if a probl

53、em pertains to only a small segment of the organization, you cannot study it in isolation. You need to find out what the overall objectives of the organization are and how groups and departments within the organization interact. Then you need to examine the problem in that context.Note that systems

54、analysis does not focus only on information technology. In Business Process Redesign(BPR) , principles of systems analysis are applied to the goal of dramatically changing and improving the fundamental business processes of an organization. Interest in BPR was driven by the discovery that most curre

55、nt information systems and applications have merely automated existing inefficient business processes. BPR analysis focuses almost entirely on non-computer processes. Each process is studied and analyzed for bottlenecks, value returned, and opportunities for elimination or streamlining. The last stop is to examine how information technology might best be applied to the improved business processes. In this chapter, however, we ar