美国概况课件汇总全书电子教案完整版课件(最新)

1、Chapter 1Geography 地理概况123Introduction 简介Warming Up 热身练习Reading Materials 阅读材料4Supplementary Reading 补充阅读 5Folk Culture民俗文化ContentsIntroduction美利坚合众国（United States of America），位于北美洲南部，东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。从大西洋到太平洋，几乎横跨整个北美洲大陆，陆地面积超过930万平方公里，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中华人民共和国，排名第四。它的领土包括北极边缘的阿拉斯加以及远在太平洋赤道地区的

2、夏威夷。美国广大土地上包含各种自然景观：从佛罗里达温暖的海滩到阿拉斯加寒冷的北国地带；从中西部平坦广阔的大草原到终年为冰雪覆盖的落基山脉，其中尤其享誉全球的是壮观的大峡谷、伟大的密西西比河及声如雷鸣的尼加拉大瀑布。 Introduction美国的地形特点是东西两侧高，中间低，山脉均为南北走向。东部的阿巴拉契亚山自东北向西南扩展，与大西洋岸平行，山脉两侧蕴藏着丰富的煤炭资源，是美国重要的煤炭基地。西部的落基山脉号称北美的脊骨，纵贯美国西部山峰高耸入云，为中部在平原竖起一座天然屏障。中部是占全国领土1/2的大平原。奔腾不息的密西西比河流经中部大平原，使之成为美国重要的农业区。美国河流众多，以落基山

3、为界分为两大水系：以西为太平洋水系，主要河流有科罗拉多河、哥伦比亚河、育空河。以东为大西洋水系，又分为流入大西洋的河流与流入墨西哥湾的河流。前者有哈德逊河、特拉华河、波托马克河；后者主要有密西西比河。美国本土位于北温带，大部分地区属大陆性气候，由于美国国土幅员辽阔，地形复杂，所受气流影响也不相同，因而全国各地气候差异极大，主要有5种气候现象：大陆性温带阔叶林气候；亚热带森林气候；大陆性气候；内陆性气候；海洋性气候。 Warming UpDialogue 1Dialogue 2Dialogue 4Dialogue 3A: Excuse me, can you tell me where Main

4、 Street is?B: Turn left at the second light and then go straight for two blocks.A: Is it far?B: No. Its only a five-minute walk.A: Thanks a lot.B: Youre welcome. Warming UpDIALOGUE 1A: Can you tell me the best way to get to Wall Street?B: You want the 7th Avenue Express, the Number 2.A: Which way sh

5、ould I go?B: Go straight down those stairs and follow the signs. Warming UpDIALOGUE 2A: Good evening, Im so happy you could come.B: Thank you for inviting me.A: What would you like to drink?B: A glass of white wine would be fine, thank you. Warming UpDIALOGUE 3A: Look! Thats the Statue of Liberty.B:

6、 What a spectacular view! Maybe it is the most famous single monument in the USA.A: It is. It has become a symbol of New York.and of the USA.B: She is so great. Warming UpDIALOGUE 41. Panoramic ViewReading Materials2. Main Regions3. Mountains4. Rivers and Lakes5. Climate6. Natural Resources7. Niagar

7、a Falls8. Washington D.C.9. New York: City of the WorldReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1. Where is the U.S.?2. What is the detailed location of the mainland areas of the U.S. in geography?3. Why some people say that it is almost on the same latitude

8、as China in the other hemisphere? It lies in the middle of the North American continent. It is situated between the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west. It is bordered by Canada on the north and by Mexico on the south. As the Tropic of Cancer cuts through some of her province such as Ta

9、iwan, Guangdong, and Guangxi in the south. Panoramic ViewNew Wordssurveyn.概观，鉴定书；环顾，调查（表/所），测量continentn.大陆，陆地；欧洲大陆；北美洲大陆outlyingadj.偏僻的，边远的；无关的territoryn.领土，版图；领地；领域，范围；势力范围geographicallyadv.地理学上，在地理上，地理方面fortunateadj.侥幸的，幸运的；带来幸运的borderv.与接界，在的边上，环绕borderlinen.分界线，国界线boundaryn.分界线；范围；（球场）边线latitud

10、en.纬度；范围；天黄纬；likenv.比拟；把比作hemispheren.半球；地球的半球；解大脑半球extendv.延伸；扩大；推广Reading MaterialsPhrases and Expressionsrefer toasv.把称为except for prep.除之外；若不是separate fromv.分开；区别USSR (=Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)n.苏联Caribbean Sean.加勒比海the Pacific Oceann.太平洋the Atlanticn.大西洋Alaskan.阿拉斯加州Hawaiin.夏威夷Mexic

11、on.墨西哥Reading MaterialsReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1. How is divided according to its geographical feature?2. Where is the lowest point in the whole of North America?3. What is the western part of the central plain also called?According to its ge

12、ographical feature, can roughly be divided into three parts: the eastern part, the western part, and the great central plain in between. Death Valley. It is 85 meters below sea level. The western part of the central plain is also called the “Great Plain”. Main RegionsReading MaterialsFill in the bla

13、nks after reading the passage again.1.The eastern part is made up of the _ formed by the Appalachain Range. These highlands are relatively _.2.In the west of the Rocky Mountain lie two plateaus: _ in the south and _ in the north. highlands lowthe Colorado Plateau the Columbia Plateau New Wordslandsc

14、apen.地形；风景；风景画；乡村风景画altituden.海拔高度；天地平纬度；数顶垂线uplandadj.高地的，住在高地的componentn.成分；零件；数要素；组分cordilleran.山脉，山系cascaden.倾泻；小瀑布，瀑布状物territoryn.领土，版图；领域，范围；商势力范围chainn.链子，链条；连锁，连续Reading MaterialsPhrases and Expressionsconsist ofv.由组成be composed ofv.由组成the Appalachain Rangen.阿巴拉契亚山脉Mainen.缅因州（美国东北角的州）Alabama

15、n.亚拉巴马（美国州名）Piedmont Plateaun.皮德蒙特高原（美国阿巴拉契亚与大西洋沿岸平坦的高原地带）the Colorado Plateaun.科罗拉多高原the Columbia Plateaun.哥伦比亚高原the Rocky Mountainn.落基山脉the Cascade Rangen.卡斯卡特山脉Reading MaterialsReading MaterialsRead the passage carefully. Complete the following form according to the altitude, which goes from high

16、 to low.MountainsReading MaterialsMountainsMt./peakAltitude (m)LocationMt. WhitneyMt. Elbertthe Rocky MountainsSierra Nevada Mountainsthe Cascade Mountainsthe Appalachian Mountainsthe Coast Mountainsor the Coast Range44184300More than 3000Over 3000Over 3000an average height of 800No more than 1000It

17、s the peak of the Sierra Nevada range.Its the peak of the Rocky Mountains.The Rocky Mountains are in the north of the Coast Mountains. Its the highest of all in the country.to the south of the CascadeExtending from north California, through Oregon and Washington to CanadaThey extend from the Gulf of

18、 St. Lawrence in Canada to the state of Alabama.Along the coast of the Pacific OceanNew Wordsheritagen.遗产；继承物；传统；文化遗产paralleladj.平行的；相同的，类似的worn (wear 的过去分词)v.磨损；耗损；逐渐或枯燥地通过adj.用旧的，穿坏的expansen.宽阔的区域crustn.地壳；面包皮；外壳；硬外皮；地壳volcanon.火山contiguousadj.接触的，邻近的，共同的Reading MaterialsPhrases and Expressionsas

19、foradv.至于，关于Gulf of St. Lawrencen.圣劳伦斯湾Alabaman.亚拉巴马（美国州名）Mt. Elbertn.地名美国埃尔伯特山Arcticn.北极圈，北极地带Sierra Nevada Mountainsn.内华达山Mt. Whitneyn.惠特尼山美国加利福尼亚州东部Reading MaterialsRivers and LakesReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1. What are the most important lak

20、es in ?2. What does the Great Lakes consist of?3. Are there any other lakes in the country except the Great Lakes? Give at least two examples.The Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. Yes. Such as Lake of Woods, Iliamna Lake, Lake Okeechobee, et

21、c. Reading Materials4. Are all the lakes in freshwater? 5. What is the most important and longest river in ? 6. Do you know the four longest rivers in the world? What are they?No. Some are freshwater, and some are salt. It is the Mississippi. They are: the Nile, in the Africa; the Amazon, in the Sou

22、th America; the the Yangtse River, in China; and the Mississippi, in United States. Reading MaterialsFill in the form after reading the passage again.the RiverLength (km)the Simple Statementthe Mississippithe Missouri Riverthe Rio Grande, the Yukon and the Colorado, the Arkansas, the Red, the Snake,

23、 and the Columbia.3,7793,725Longer than 1,600It is the most important river in the country. It flows about 6,400 km from its northwestern source in the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico.It is the second longest river in the country, it is the main tributary of the Mississippi.These rivers are longer tha

24、n 1000 miles.New Wordsinlandadj.内地的，内陆的；国内的portionn.一部分；一份遗产；嫁妆v.把分成份额；把分给（to）deltan. （河流的）三角洲；数变量增量tributaryn.支流；附庸国；进贡者Reading MaterialsPhrases and Expressionsother thanadv.除了；绝不是；不同，不同于Utahn.犹他州Minnesotan.明尼苏达州（美国州名）Iliamnan.地名美国伊利亚姆纳Okeechobeen.地名美国奥基乔比Champlainn.地名加拿大、美国尚普兰Missouri Rivern.密苏里河R

25、io Granden.格兰德河Yukonn.地名美国育空Reading MaterialsClimateReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1. Why are there a wide variety of climate types in ?2. What climate types are mentioned in the passage?3. Are there any extreme weather in the country? What are they

26、? Or where do they occur? includes a wide variety of climate types due to its large size, range of geographic features, and non-contiguous arrangement. The climate types mentioned in the passage are: humid continental, humid subtropical, tropical, semi-arid, alpine, arid, desert, Mediterranean, ocea

27、nic,and polar climate, etc. Yes. They are hurricanes and tornadoes. (The states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and tornadoes regularly occur in the area of the Midwest referred to as Tornado Alley.) New Wordscontiguousadj.接触的，邻近的，共同的meridiann.子午圈；子午线；顶点；（权力，成就）全盛时期humidadj.潮湿的

28、；湿气重的；湿润的subtropicaladj.亚热带的；亚热带特点的aridadj.干燥的；贫瘠的，荒芜的，不毛的；枯燥无味的alpineadj.阿尔卑斯山的；阿尔卑斯山区居的；高山的subarcticadj.亚北极区的archipelagon.群岛，列岛；多岛屿的海proneadj.易于的；有倾向的；倾斜的，坡陡的hurricanen.飓风；飓风般猛烈的东西；（感情等的）爆发tornadon. 大气龙卷风；大雷雨；巨大破坏性的人（或事物）Reading MaterialsPhrases and Expressionsbe prone tov.易于refer to asv.称为Mediter

29、raneann. （似）地中海的；（似）地中海沿岸地区的 Reading MaterialsNatural ResourcesReading MaterialsComplete the following sentences according to the above paragraphs.1. is a land rich in natural resources. Some of these resources, such as water, _, _, oil, _, and gold, are especially plentiful in the country.2.For man

30、y years, iron ore came primarily from the _ region of Minnesota and Michigan, but the mines were severely _ during the two World Wars.iron ore coal silver great lakedepletedReading Materials3.The richer ores are _ though large amounts of _ materials remain and form the basis of a _ industry.4._ is a

31、nother major natural resource found in large quantities in the U. S. which can last for _. Most of coal reserves are to be found in the Appalachians, _, and the _.5.America, very rich in _, was once the largest oil producing country in the world. Oil wells in produce more than _ barrels of petroleum

32、 a year.6.Other basic metals and minerals mined on a large scale in America include _, _, _, and _. exhausted low-gradethrivingCoalhundreds of yearsthe Central PlainRockiesoil3,200 millionzinccoppersilverphosphate rock Reading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs

33、.1. How does the America make good use of its water resources?2. What is the water problem in the U.S.?3. How is the soil condition in the continent of the U.S.? 4. Are there vast farmlands in ? America enjoys abundant water resources. The rivers and streams furnish 63 % of the water supply for citi

34、es, towns and farmlands, 93% of the water used by industry, and almost all of the water used to create electric power. It is the shortage of fresh water. The soil in the continent of the U.S. is fertile soil. (America has plenty of fertile soil.) Yes. Farmlands in make up about 12% of the arable lan

35、ds in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive. New Wordsiron oren.铁矿石depositn.存款；定金；堆积物；矿床primarilyadv.首先；首要地，主要地；根本上；本来depletev.耗尽，用尽；使枯竭；减少，损耗thrivev.兴盛，兴隆；长得健壮；茁壮成长reserven.保存，储备；商准备金，公积金；储藏量barreln.桶；一桶之量petroleumn.石油domesticadj.家庭的，家的；国内的offshoreadj.离开海岸的；近海的；海外的，国外的onshor

36、eadj.海岸的；在岸上的；在近岸处的；朝着岸的consumptionn.消费；肺病；耗尽；医消耗性疾病insufficientadj.不足的，不够的Reading MaterialsNew Wordspublicizev.宣传；公布；广告embargon.封港令；禁运；禁止（通商）scalen.规模；比例（尺）；鱼鳞；级别zincn. 化锌furnishv.提供，供应；陈设，布置；装修（房屋）fertileadj.肥沃的；可繁殖的；丰富的；物能产生裂变物质的arableadj.适于耕种的n.耕地phosphaten.磷酸盐；（含有少量磷酸的）汽水acreagen.英亩数；（总称）（以英亩计的

37、）土地面积substantialadj.充实的；实质的，真正的；有实力的；有财产的surplus n.剩余额；公积金；顺差；盈余Reading MaterialsPhrases and Expressionsas a wholeadv.整体来看；普遍说来，一般地说phosphate rockn.磷钙土，磷盐岩plenty ofadj.很多，大量的make upv.组成；补足；弥补；编造 Reading MaterialsNiagara FallsReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above para

38、graphs.1. How do you know how long ago was the fading-out of the Ice Age?2. How old is probably Niagara Falls by estimate?We can get the answers from Niagara, the great clock: First the Niagara River must have started running at the fading-out of the Ice Age; Second, we know where the falls starteda

39、nd how far they have travelled: those seven miles; And third, we know about how fast the falls have been moving. It is probably 10,000 years old according to the estimate of a group of scholars at Yale .(A group of scholars at Yale estimated that Niagara Falls is probably 10,000 years old.) Reading

40、Materials3. Are modern man and Niagara Falls about the same age?4. Are there any relationship between human beings development and the formation of the Niagara River and the falls? 5. Is the falls shape moving or stationary? 6. Whats the value of the falls today? Yes. (The detail is in the third par

41、agraph.) It is moving all the time, and the falls are still moving today. The falls have moved at least 500 feet upstream since the 17th century, about 5 feet per year. And the movement is in steps. (1) A lot of water that used to plunge down now goes through the electric power stations; (2) The Nia

42、gara Falls is ornamental value. Yes. According to the estimate of a group of scholars at Yale. Reading MaterialsComplete the following passage with the words or expressions below, change the forms when necessary. fade out excavate setup shallow out underneath chunk wear off tend to dent whirlpoolRea

43、ding MaterialsEvery few years a big _ lets go. It is a natural law. All waterfalls _ migrate upstream. Most of them in moving back also tend to _. As the rock at the brink _, the falls becomes less steep. Century by century it _, becoming a string of rapids, then a mere stretch of fast water. Thats

44、why waterfalls are few, they tend to destroy themselves. But Niagara has a special _ that keeps it going. _ the river is a layer of hard rock about eight feet thick. Below that are layers of softer rock. The water runs over the hard rock without making much of a _. When it reaches the brink it plung

45、es straight down, creating a terrific _ at the foot of the cliff. This whirling action _ the softer rock backward, and in time a piece of the top ledge, no longer supported by underneath rocks, breaks off. Then that portion of the falls moves a step upstream. chunktend tofade outwears offshallows ou

46、tsetupUnderneathdentwhirlpoolexcavatesNew Wordsinhabitv.居住；在出现；填满fading-outn.淡出；渐隐；逐渐消失estimatev.估计，估算；评价，评论lapsen.流逝；小错，疏忽；行为失检，失足tamev.驯服；抑制whirlpooln.漩涡，涡流；混乱，纷乱gorgen.山峡，峡谷；咽喉；暴食；障碍物chunkn.厚厚的一块；（某物）相当大的数量或部分；强壮、结实的brinkn. （悬崖峭壁的）边沿；（危险的）边沿；边缘；初始状态therebyadv.由此，从而；在那附近upriveradv.在上游，向上游，从上游migra

47、tev.迁移，移往；移动；随季节而移居Reading MaterialsNew Wordssteepadj.陡峭的，险峻的；过分的，夸张的；极高的；急剧升降的stringn.绳子，带子rapidn.急流underneathadv.在下面，在底下；在下层layern.层，层次；膜dentn.凹痕，凹部；齿plungev.跳入；全心投入；突降，俯冲cliffn.悬崖，峭壁excavatev.挖掘；开凿；挖出；发掘ledgen.壁架；暗礁；矿脉trackn.痕迹，踪迹；轨道giganticadj.巨大的，庞大的；巨人似的canyonn.峡谷 Reading MaterialsPhrases and

48、Expressionsstand upv.起立；站得住脚；经久耐用；经得住；失约fade outv.淡出，渐隐wear offv.磨损；逐渐消失shallow outv.浅出in timeadv. 及时bit intov.腐蚀in this caseprep.在这种情况下Niagara Glenn.尼亚加拉峡谷 Reading MaterialsWashington D.C.Reading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1. When did the city of Washi

49、ngton become the capital of the U.S.?2. Explain “Washington, D.C.”. 3. Why could Washington D.C. become the capital of the U.S.? In mid-June of 1800. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, “the District”, or simply D.C., is the capital of . It was

50、 named in honour of the first president of the country, George Washington and a very important historic person, Christopher Columbus, who first found the American continents. Reading Materials4. Explain the origin of the White House. 5. Did Washington live in the house? Why? 6. There are two other m

51、emorials erected in the capital. What are they? No, he didnt live in it. Because he died only six months before it officially became the capital of the nation. One is the Lincoln Memorial honoring the 16th president of the U.S., Abraham Lincoln; and the other is the Jefferson Memorial built in honor

52、 of the third president. The capital suffered considerable damage from British troops during the war of 1812. The British set fire to many of the public buildings. Many buildings and walls were covered with stains and scars left by the fires. They had to be repainted. The presidents home was painted

53、 white thus causing the building to be termed the “White House”. New Wordscolonialadj.殖民地的；殖民地化的permanentadj.永久（性）的，永恒的，不变的，耐久的billn.议案；帐单；钞票；清单；authorizev.授权，批准，委托architectn.建筑师，设计师；创造者，缔造者；造物主transferv.使转移；使调动；转让（权利等）revengen.报仇，报复fleev.逃走，逃掉；消失violentadj.暴力引起的；剧烈的drenchv.使湿透exterioradj.外面的，外部的 Re

54、ading MaterialsNew Wordsstainn.污点；瑕疵scarn.疤痕；伤痕；断崖termv.把称为；把叫做castv.铸造domen.圆屋顶；像圆屋顶一样的东西bronzen.青铜；青铜色；赤褐色congressionaladj.会议的；委员会的；国会的；议会的headquartern.总部taperingadj.尖端细的verticaladj.垂直的，竖立的erectv.使直立，使竖起；建立 Reading MaterialsPhrases and Expressionsin honor ofprep.为纪念，为庆祝set fire tov.使燃烧，点燃；纵火in rev

55、enge forprep.为报复save fromv.保留，免于，抢救in addition toprep.除之外（还）the Potomac Rivern.波拖马可河（美国东部重要河流，流经首都华盛顿）Pentagonn. 地名美国五角大楼（位于弗吉尼亚州）Supreme Courtn.高级法院 Reading MaterialsNew York: City of the WorldReading MaterialsAnswer the following questions according to the above paragraphs.1. Where is the headquar

56、ters of the United Nations?2. Is Chinese one of the six official languages of the United Nations? What are the other five ones? The headquarters of the United Nations is in New York. Yes, Chinese is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. The other five ones are English, French, Spa

57、nish, Russian and Arabic. Reading Materials3. What is the role of the United Nations? Give examples to illustrate.4. There is a very famous statue standing in New York Bay. Whats it? Can you tell something about it?5. When we talk about New York, we never forget to talk a very important name, Manhat

58、tan. Why? It is the Statue of Liberty. Among all of the Americas symbols, the Statue of Liberty is the most famous statue around the world. It was a present from France in 1877 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Americans independence. Because Manhattan is the heart of New York city. Almost all t

59、he business and financial activities are carried on there. Concentrated in this borough, there are many important factories for clothing, food-processing, electronics, and precision instruments. The role of the United Nations is to settle the serious world problems and help the nations of the world

60、through such group as WHO, the World Health Organization, and UNICEF, the United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund (Now the name is United Nations Childrens Fund) . Reading Materials6. Where is Wall Street? Why is it well-known in the world? 7. How do the Americans distinguish avenues a