2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解考点讲解含解析

1、2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解考点讲解含解析2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解考点讲解含解析2021年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解考点讲解含解析阅读理解。阅读理解题策略一、先看题干，带着问题读文章.即先看试题，再读文章.阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题

2、句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干,确定好答案.三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌.作者为文，有脉可循.如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。四、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题.深层理解主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题,是阅读理解中的难点.深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动.它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像,随意揣测；读

3、者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事，以偏概全.推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer,imply，suggest，indicate等。五、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语阅读的重要能力,也是高考中常用的题型.它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法，语法，定义，同位语，对比，因果,常识，上下文等线索确定词义。.阅读理解常见问题及原因分析问题一:已经找对了题干与原文对应处，为何还做错？原因：精确定位：要看清真正的问题，即用信息词定位之后，要看清句子逻辑关系，弄清意思。学会看选

4、项的方法：a找最贴近原文意思的选项；b去除选项间的相同信息，专门关注区别点;c分清褒贬；d分清程度大小，强烈关注选项中表内容的单词；e看清范围，分清是整体还是局部.高频考点一正确选项特征在阅读理解的备考过程中，明确阅读理解常设选项的特征是快速准确锁定答案的关键。高考英语阅读理解的正确选项一般通过以下途径设置:关键词直接复现：直接复现类可从问题中找到关键词,以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧迅速定位即可。此类题目较为简单，考查频率不高.对原文关键词进行同义转换、正话反说和细节概括：此类题目需对原文信息进行准确理解并简单推理，观察词义、词性及语态的变化。这是命题人常用的设题方式，复习时应掌握英语的多

5、种表达法。一、同义转述从近几年的高考题来看，细节理解题不仅数量有所增加，而且难度也稍有加大，主要表现为题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。命题人一般会对文章细节加以转述来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。转述的主要方式有以下三种：1同义词转化:把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词,设为正确选项。2词性或语态等的变化:把原文中的词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态,用另一种表达转述原文信息。3语言简化概括：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化或概括成为正确答案。例1.（2019全国卷）In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 vo

6、lunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates。 The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is most

7、ly made of inexpensive, plastic。like parts。 The team hopes to make it to market in the near future。30What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environment。friendly。BItll reach consumers soon。CItll be made of plastics。DItll help speed up typing.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题.根据上段中的最后一句“The team h

8、opes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场,故选B。二、正话反说正话反说是阅读理解题目中的一个难点,通常有以下几个高频考向：1It looks/sounds like/as if类:表示看/听起来好像是,实际上并不是。2虚拟语气句：用虚拟语气来表述与事实相反的情况,让读者推断事实内容。3让步论述：先假设作者的观点反面成立，从而引出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结果,倒过来证明作者观点的正确性。4反问句。例2.（2019北京卷)The problem of robocalls has gotten so

9、bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know。 By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from get

10、ting through。 Unfortunately, its too little, too late。 By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available， scammers will have moved onto cleverer means。 In the near future， its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether

11、the voice youre hearing is actually real。38How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?APanicked。BConfused.CEmbarrassed。 DDisappointed。【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据上段中的“By the time these solutions(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知，等到这些“解

12、决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段；由此可推知作者对自动语音电话问题的解决方案感到很失望，D项意为“失望的”，故选D。 3。 理解概括阅读理解除了考查考生对细节信息的准确理解外, 还要求考生通过思维分析将信息进行归纳概括，使之系统化、条理化。例3.(2019浙江卷）California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素)The numbe

13、r of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds。 No area was spared or unaffected， from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high cou

14、ntry, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent。Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre， an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development p

15、ushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源）But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010， McIntyre and his colleagues documente

16、d a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage。 The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much wat

17、er trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed， taking into account such things as rainfall， air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪）Since the 1930s， McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which c

18、ause trees to lose more water to the air， and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.30What can be a suitable title for the text？ACalifornias Forests： Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?BCutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonCWhy Ar

19、e the Big Trees Important to California Forests?DPatrick McIntyre： Grow More Big Trees in California【答案】A【解析】标题归纳题。根据全文可知,文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象,并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。故选A.高频考点二 干扰项特征高考英语阅读理解的错误选项就是命题人用以干扰考生思维的陷阱。高考英语中，由于词汇量的限制,挑选的文章不能过难。命题人就在问题和干扰项上做文章，使考生即使能基本读懂文章,也不能轻松做对题目.现在的干扰项不仅语言复杂，而且欺骗性强，两个

20、语言水平相当、对文章理解程度相差不大的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别能力不同,而影响答题的准确率。为了提高辨别错误和干扰信息的能力,有必要分析干扰项的种种特征，使考生在命题人设置的种种陷阱前，做到胸有成竹.一、偷梁换柱干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变.例1.(2019全国卷D片段）During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social stat

21、us. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens， and mean girls and cool kids。 They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes， breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.32What sort of girl was the author in her early years

22、 of elementary school?AUnkind。BLonely。CGenerous. DCool.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据上段的第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school(小学）， I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes， which allowed me to keep my high social status.”可知，作者在小学时乐于分享.unkind“不友好的”，lonely“孤独的”,generous“慷慨的，大方的”，cool“酷的”，故选C。二、张冠李戴干扰项表述的内容在原文

23、里可以找到信息依据， 但与题干所问的动作发出者不一致。不注意动作主语的差异, 张冠李戴， 极易造成误选.例2。（2019全国卷)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan， about Queen Elizabeth of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years。 Stephen Daldry directs。 Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith

24、Ivey。 Previews begin Feb。14.(Schoenfeld， 236 W45th St.2122396200。）2Who is the director of The Audience？AHelen Mirren. BPeter Morgan。CDylan Baker。 DStephen Daldry。【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。题干问的是“谁执导了The Audience？”。根据该部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs.可知答案。三、绝对化表达干扰项中出现如all， none， everyone, each, everything， impossibl

25、e 等绝对化的表达， 一般不符合客观事实和原文信息。例3.(2019江苏卷)Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate mone

26、y to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question， however， is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells， extending electricity networks and making more affordable

27、washing machines would have improved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the re

28、lative longterm costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money。62The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should _Atake peoples essential needs into accountBmake their programmes attractive to peopleCensure that each child gets financial supportDprovide more affordable internet facil

29、ities【答案】A【解析】推理判断题.根据上段中的“The question，however,is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells， extending electricity networks and.。in rural villages。”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本需求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品,受赠者的生活水平就会产生

30、巨大飞跃。故选A。四、颠倒逻辑干扰项中出现语义逻辑的混乱， 即原文中出现的是A引起B, 而选项中是B引起A，考生可能看到了文中出现过的词语， 没有细研究其逻辑意义， 从而造成误选。例4。(2019江苏卷)It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions. However， they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources。61Misjudgments on the influence

31、s of new technology can lead to _Aa lack of confidence in technologyBa slow progress in technologyCa conflict or public opinionsDa waste of limited resources【答案】D【解析】细节理解题.根据上段中的“However，they have real impacts， as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.”可知,对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀缺资源的误用,故选D。【高考题型解读】

32、题型一、主旨大意题1主旨大意题常分为两类：(1）选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。2主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想,体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向.研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。【方法技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路:寻找主题句，确定文章大意.在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时,根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（或在开头结尾同时出现首尾

33、呼应的主题句），因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法,即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息.抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中.阅读这样

34、的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。例1、（2019江苏卷D)The 65year。old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimers(阿尔兹海默症）. He was losing his memory。A software engineer by profession， Steve was a keen lover of the piano， and the only musici

35、an in his family。 Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.Melissa， his daughter， felt it more than worthwhile to save his music， to which she fell asleep each night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father。Naomi，

36、 Melissas best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.“Why do this？” Steve wondered.“Because she cares，” Melissa said.Steve nodded， tears in eye。Naomi drove to the Goodwin home。 She told Steve shed love to hear him play。 Steve moved to the piano and sat

37、at the bench， hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses， heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.“It was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening t

38、o the recording。 “The music was worth saving.”Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it。 The music was sill in Steve Goodwin。 It was hidden in rooms with doors about to be locked。Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. Hed move his fingers clumsily on the piano，

39、 and then shed take his place。 He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.He stood by the piano, eyes closed， listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new k

40、ey。 Steve heard it. All of it。 He just couldnt play it.Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve。 It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song。 One day， Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight。 Steve called it “Melancholy Flow

41、er.”Naomi heard multiple stops and starts. Steve struggling， searching while his wife Joni called him “honey and encouraged him。 The task was so hard, and Steve， angry and upset， said he was quitting。 Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece。Naomi managed to figure out

42、 16 of Steves favorite， and most personal， songs. With Naomis help， the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steves songs。 Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasnt。In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the directo

43、r she had a special one in mind： “Melancholy Flower。”She told the director about her project with Steve。 The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steves permission。 He considered it an honor。After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steves music was beautifu

44、l and professional。 It needed to be shared in public.The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend。By then， Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the

45、 path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace。Steve arrived and sat in the front row， surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，叙述了Steve在家人、朋友的帮助下与病魔赛跑及众人努力拯救可能失传的“独家音乐”的感人故事.65Why did Melissa want to save her fa

46、thers music?AHis music could stop his disease from worsening。BShe wanted to please her dying old father.CHis music deserved to be preserved in the family.DShe wanted to make her father a professional.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，父亲Steve是一位钢琴爱好者，是家里唯一一位音乐家,再根据第三段中的“felt it more than worthwhile to save hi

47、s music， to which she fell asleep each night when she was young”可知，父亲Steve的音乐陪伴了Melissa的成长，因此Melissa觉得它对于这个家庭来说有着特别的意义，值得被保存，故本题答案为C.66After hearing Steves playing, Naomi _Arefused to make a comment on itBwas deeply impressed by his musicCdecided to free Steve from sufferingDregretted offering help

48、to her friend【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第十段“It was beautiful，Naomi said after listening to the recording.The music was worth saving.”可知，听完他的演奏之后,Naomi对他的音乐很是赞赏，故本题答案为B。67How can the process of Steves recording be described?AIt was slow but productive。BIt was beneficial to his health.CIt was tiresome for Naomi

49、.DIt was vital for Naomis career.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第十二段中的“Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. Hed move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then shed take his place。”及第十四段中的“Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one

50、last song。”可知，音乐的录制过程缓慢，但是有成效，故本题答案为A.68Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower,” his wife Joni _Athought the music talent of Steve was exhaustedBdidnt expect the damage the disease brought aboutCdidnt fully realize the value of her husbands musicDbrought her husbands music career to perfection【答案】

51、C【解析】推理判断题.根据第十五段中的“Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called himhoney and encouraged him。The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting。 Joni praised him， telling her husband this could be his signature piece.”可知，在Steve进行音乐创作时,他泄气过,甚至说过要放弃，而他的妻子Joni仍然鼓励他和表扬他,并称这

52、会是他的“签名之作”。由signature一般表示“(文件结尾的)签名”可推知，Joni认为这会是她丈夫最后的创作，她之前并没有想到丈夫的音乐会有被公开演奏的一天。再结合下文中Steve的音乐在音乐会上被演奏并得到认可及其对Steve的影响的内容可知，Joni之前并没有完全认识到Steve的音乐的价值或其积极作用。故本题答案为C。69How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland?AHe felt concerned about his illness。BHe sensed a responsibility for mus

53、ic.CHe regained his faith in music。DHe got into a state of quiet。【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后两段的内容尤其是倒数第二段中的“He told his family he was at peace。”可知，在音乐会上,他心情很平静.故本题答案为D。70What can be a suitable title for the passage?AThe Kindness of FriendsBThe Power of MusicCThe Making of a MusicianDThe Value of Determina

54、tion【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。音乐让Steve在家人、朋友的帮助下展开了一场与病魔赛跑的接力赛，因此The Power of Music适合作文章的标题.题型二、细节理解题1此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案,常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等）以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换).2细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等.【技巧归纳】做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定

55、位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误.【特别提醒】细节理解题的三个步骤：浏览全文,了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。抓关键词，快速寻读.根据题目要求,从题干中抓住关键性词语,以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读,反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后,必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等

56、技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。例2。（2019江苏卷A）Whatever your age or interests， Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.High_energyIf you desire physical activities， you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding. Explore the heights with Go Ape， the high wire

57、 forest adventure course， or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern. And dont forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.High_mindedBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and youll find much to suit all tastes with art, musi

58、c, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events. Keeping_the_kids_happyChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Garde

59、ns and theres plenty more to explore at the Buxton Museum。 Theres a new indoor play centre, plus the special events and workshops， and others during school holiday periods.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴克斯顿(Buxton）令人难忘的景点及活动.56If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice？APooles

60、Cavern.BPavilion Gardens.CBuxton Museum。DGreen Man Gallery。【答案】A【解析】细节理解题.根据High_energy部分中的“Explore the heights with Go Ape, the high wire forest adventure course， or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern.”可知，如果你想进行地下之旅,可选择Pooles Cavern。57Buxton Opera House Pavilion Arts Centre is special becau