基于单片机的自动避障小车设计与实现

1、郑州工业应用技术学院本科生毕业设计题 目：基于单片机的自动避障小车设计与实现指导老师：张朝阳 职称：讲师同学姓名：周红宇 学号： 1102120515 专 业：电气工程及其自动化院 （系）：机电工程学院答辩日期：年 月 日2022 年 月 日郑州工业应用技术学院毕业设计摘 要智能小车是一种能够通过编程手段完成特定任务的小型化机器人,主要是在 自动化掌握领域,它具有制作成本低,电路结构简洁,程序调试便利等优点,具 有很强的趣味性；智能小车深受广大机器人爱好者以及高校同学的宠爱；该设计利用单片机 STC89C52RC 作为主控芯片,该芯片是一种高速、低功耗、抗干扰才能强的芯片,其最高时钟工作频率为

2、48MHz,用户应用程序空间为 8K；能够满意程序空间需要；驱动采纳 L298N 驱动芯片,它是一种双全桥步进电机专用芯片, 通过对其输入端的掌握可以实现小车的启动、转向、停止等动作；为节约成本,小车由两个直流减速电机加一个万向轮构成,并采纳后轮驱动；采纳了 E18-D50NK 红外光电开关组成的避障传感器来避障；由于采纳了 6 节干电池供电使系统的抗干扰性得到加强；充分利用 STC89C52的系统资源, 使智能小车完善的实现了障碍物检测、躲开障碍物自动巡航等功能；经实践验收测试,该智能小车的电路结构简洁,调试便利,系统反映快速、敏捷,设计方案正确、可行,各项指标稳固、牢靠；本文第一介绍了智能

3、车的进展前景,接着介绍了该课题设计构想, 各模块电路的挑选及其电路工作原理,最终对该课题的设计过程进行了总结与展望 , 并附带各个模块的电路原理图和本设计实物图及完整的关键词： 智能小车单片机避障红外线C 语言程序；郑州工业应用技术学院毕业设计Abstract Smart car is a small robot to accomplish specific tasks by programming, mainly in the field of automation control, it has low production cost, simple circuit structure,

4、debugging convenient, has the very strong interest. Smart car robot lovers as well as by the majority of College students. This design uses STC89C52RC micro controller as the main control chip, the chip is a chip of high speed, low power consumption, strong anti-interference ability, and the maximum

5、 clock frequency is 48MHz, the user application space for 8K. To meet the needs of the space program. Driven by the L298N drive chip, it is a kind of dual full bridge stepper motor dedicated chip, the input end of the control can realize the car start, stop, turn. In order to save costs, the car by

6、two DC motor and a universal wheel, and the rear wheel drive. The obstacle avoidance sensor E18-D50NK infrared photoelectric switch to obstacle avoidance. Due to the adoption of the 6 battery supplies power to the anti-interference of the system has been strengthened. To make full use of the system

7、resources of STC89C52, the perfect realization of the intelligent vehicle obstacle detection, obstacle avoidance automatic cruise function. Through the practice of acceptance testing, circuit structure of the smart car is simple, convenient debugging, the system to reflect the rapid, flexible, the d

8、esign scheme is correct and feasible, stable, reliable indicators. This paper first introduces the development prospects of the smart car, and then introduces the design idea, working principle and circuit of each module circuit, the design process of the project are summarized and prospects, with e

9、ach module circuit diagram and the design of the physical map and the integrity of the C language program. Keywords: Smart Cars Single-chip Obstacle Avoidance Infrared II 郑州工业应用技术学院毕业设计目 录1 绪论 . 1 1.1 课题讨论背景及意义. 1 1.2 国内外讨论现状 . 1 1.3 单片机及直流电机的进展. 1 1.4 课题主要讨论内容 . 4 2 工作原理及总体设计 . 5 2.1 工作原理 . 5 2.2 总体设计 . 5 3 硬件设计 . 7 3.1 小车车体设计 . 7 3.2 电源模块 . 7 3.3 电机驱动模块 . 8 3.4 电机模块 . 9 3.5 检测模块 . 9 3.6 最终方案 . 9 4 硬件实现及单元电路设计. 11 4.1 主掌握模块 . 11 4.2 单片机的复位电路与振荡电路设计. 11 4.3 电源设计 . 13 4.4 驱动电路 . 14 4.5 E18-D50NK光电开关避障模块. 15 4.6 红外光电开关传感器的安装