2023届高三英语二轮复习 动词的时态思维导图 训练 讲义（含答案）

1、第七讲 动词的时态考点清单 现在时态一、一般现在时一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。1.表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作。常与usually,always, every day,twice a week,seldom，sometimes 等表频率的时间状语连用。John sometimes sits up very late.约翰有时很晚才睡。2.表示客观事实或普遍现象。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。Time and tide wait for no man.

2、岁月不等人。3.如果主句是一般将来时，那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.如果明天下雨，我将不去那里。腾别点酱在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表达将来含义，也就是说will不用于when，if,even if,unless,whatever,no matter what/when/where 等引导的状语从句中表将来，但如果will表示“决心、意愿”时，可用在条件状语从句中。If you will go there,please tell me.如果你愿意去那里，请告诉我。表示按规定、计划、安排、时间

3、表等马上要发生的事时，也用一般现在时表将来，常与具体时间状语连用。该用法仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词(词组)，如：come,go,arrive,leave,begin,take off,stop等。The final exarn takes place next week.期末考试将于下周举行。The train leaves London at six and arrives at Birmingham at eight.火车6点离开伦敦，8点到达伯明翰。4.用在以here，there开头的倒装句中，表示现在正发生的动作或存在的状态。Here comes the bus!公共汽车来了！The

4、re goes the bell.铃响了。练全题点1单句语法填空1.Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _(belong) to the well-educated.2The teacher told us the earth_ (go) around the sun.3.Have you seen my email about our TESL project?Yes.Luckily I checked my emails yesterday. Normally I _(not open) my emai

5、l box for days.4.The plane_(take) off at five.5.If you _slowly,I understand; if you _fast,I dont.(speak)二、现在进行时1.表示现在（说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作或状态，常与 now,right now,at this moment,at present 等时间状语连用。We are waiting for you now.我们正在等你。Theyre traveling in India at present.目前他们正在印度旅游。2.表示现阶段发生的动作，说话时该动作未必正在进行。Th

6、e famous writer is writing another novel.这位著名的作家正在写另一部小说。He is teaching in a middle school.他在一所中学教书。3.表示将要发生的动作。此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，多指按计划、安排好的事情。Im meeting my father at the station at 5 oclock.我5点要去车站接我的父亲。They are getting married next month.他们下个月结婚。4.表示渐变。有些动词，如：come，go，leave，start，begin，stop，arrive，re

7、turn等的进行时表示逐渐变化的过程。It is getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气越来越暖和了。5.表示动作的反复。进行时与always，constantly，forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的厌烦、喜爱等感情色彩。You are always changing your mind.你总是不停地改变主意。（不满）Shes always helping people.她总是帮助别人。(赞扬)The boy is constantly lying.这个男孩老是撒谎。（厌烦）6.不能用进行时态的动词。(1)感觉

8、类：look，smell，feel,sound,taste,see,hear等。The soup tastes good.这汤尝起来不错。(不可说：The soup is tasting good.)Your hands feel cold.你的手摸起来很凉。(不可说：Your hands are feeling cold.)(2)情感类：like，love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore等。I love my dad and mum.我爱我的爸爸妈妈。(不可说：I am loving my dad and mum.)(3)心态类：wish,hope,want,ne

9、ed,believe, understand,agree,know,remember,forget等I dont believe my eyes.我不相信我的眼睛。(不可说：I am not believing my eyes.)(4)存在状态类；appear，lie(位于)，remain，belong，have等。Those books belong to Mr.Li.那些书是李先生的。(不可说：Those books are belonging to Mr. Li)练全题点 2 单句语法填空1.Hi,lets go skating.Sorry,Im busy right now. I _(

10、fill) in an application to look for a new job.2.Hurry up! Mark and Carol _(expect) us.3.Hello,I _(phone) to ask if I can book two tickets for tonights film.Sorry,weve already sold out.4.Listen! The girl_ (play) the piano in the next room.5.Why are the Woods selling their belongings?They_ (move) to a

11、nother city.三、现在完成时1.表示说话时已经做完了某事。常与already,yet,by this time,so far等时间状语连用。I have already finished my homework.我早已做完作业了。Jane has told me the news.简已经告诉我这个消息了。I havent heard from him.我还没收到他的来信。2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续持续下去。经常和all mylife,all the time, recently, lately,up to now,in (during) the pa

12、st(last) few years,ever since 等时间状语连用。Peter has been ill for almost a month.彼得生病已经差不多一个月了。Weve been good friends since we were very young.我们年轻时就是好朋友了。I have lived in this city all my life.我一直生活在这座城市。3.在句型“It/This/That is the first time.”和“It/This/That is the last time.”中，从句的谓语要用现在完成时。在句型“It/This/Tha

13、t was the first time.”和“It/This/That was the last time.”中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。This is the first time Ive been here.这是我第一次来这里。That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at the crossing.那是他们第二次在十字路口目击事故。4.在时间、条件状语从句中可用现在完成时表将来。You shouldnt leave school before you have finished your assignme

14、nt.在没完成指定的作业之前，你不能离开学校。As long as you have cleaned all the windows,you are allowed to play.只要你擦完所有的玻璃，你就可以去玩了。5.since从句中的谓语动词如果是延续性动词，表示这一行为的终止；如果是终止性动词，表示这一动作的开始。It is/has been weeks since I fell ill.我病了有几周了It is/has been weeks since I was ill.我病好了有几周了四、现在完成进行时表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直持续到现在，并且还可能持续下去。它与现在完

15、成时的区别是：现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或仍在继续。I have written an article.我已经写完了一篇文章。（已完成）I have been writing an article.我一直在写一篇文章。（还在写）练全题点3单句语法填空1.Dashan who _(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.2.People in th

16、is area are in fact French citizens because it_(be) a colony of the French Republic since 1946. 3.Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.We_ (wait) here for more than two hours.4.I _(read) half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.5.In the last few years,

17、China_ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.6.Marty_(work) really hard an bis boat and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday7.Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.He went to the library after breakfast and_（write) his essay there ever since.8.The reports went missing in 2012

18、 and nobody_ (see) them since.9.Since the time humankind started gardening, we_ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.10.Tony,why are your eyes red?I _(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes考点清单 过去时态一、一般过去时1.表示在确定的过去的时间里发生的动作。Where did you go just now?你刚才去了哪里？He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.他昨天看见

19、王先生了。2.表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。表示这种意义时，句子中常带有every day,often，usually,always,sometimes等时间状语。Mrs. Peter went to the park to have a walk every day last year.彼得太太去年每天都到公园去散步。I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.我上学时每周去看一场电影。3.表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来判断。The boy opened his eyes

20、 for a moment,looked at the captain,end then closed his eves.那个男孩把照睛睁开了一会儿，看了看船长，然后就闭上了眼睛。She got up early,fetched water,cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.她早早起床、提水、打扫房间，然后出去散步。4，在表示时间、条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。They said they would let me know as soon as they got there.他们说只要他们一到那里就会马上通知我。He said h

21、e would not go if it rained.他说如果下雨他就不去。5.一般过去时常与yesterday,last week.an hour ago.the other day,in 1982等时间状语连用。She suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天她突然病倒了。Did you have a party the other day?前几天你们开派对了吗？特别点击有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，也要用一般过去时。I didnt know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。一般过去时除了

22、可以表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态外，还可表示：1want,hope,think,intend等动词的一般过去时往往表示“过去原本”I thought he was an honest man.我原以为他是个老实人。He didnt intend to hurt you.他没打算伤害你。used to十动词原形，表示过去的习惯性动作而现在已经不再发生了。We used to spend our vacation in the mountains.我们以前常常在山里度假。(暗示现在不再在山里度假了)练全题点1单句语法填空1.When the time came to make the fin

23、al decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that(reflect) my interest.2.I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),What do you wish me to do now?”3.Is Peter coming?No,he (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.4.The real reason why prices (be),and still are,too high i

24、s complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.5.Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been?I went to Ningxia and (stay) there for one year,teaching as a volunteer二、过去进行时1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，由“was/were十现在分词”构成。She was watching TV at six yesterday evening.昨晚6点她正在看电视。

25、He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天他一整天都在准备他的演讲。2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行He was reading a novel when I came in.当我进来时，他正在看小说。3.表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作(只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly, travel,stay等)。He said she was arriving the next day.他说她将于第二天到达。4.与always，forever,constantly,continually连用

26、，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others.He never thought of himself first.雷锋同志总是先想着他人，而不是他自已练全题点2单句语法填空1.Four years ago, while Cathy _(watch) the Olympics,a dream came into her sweet little headto be a swimmer.2.I saw Ann at the concert yesterday.Impossible.She _(play) chess wit

27、h me in my room then.3.Jack_(work) in the lab when the power cut occurred.4.He must have sensed that I _(look) at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”5.She_(phone) someone,so I nodded to her and went away.三、过去完成时过去完成时由“had十过去分词”构成。用法如下：1.过去完成时表示过去的某一

28、动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作（即表示“过去的过去”）。时间状语可用by，before等构成的短语，也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。He said that he had been abroad for three years.他说他在国外待了三年。2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去，常用的时间状语有by then,by the end of,by the time,until,before等。Until then he had known nothing about it yet.直到那时，他对此仍一无所知。3.在 That/This/

29、It was the first/second/third.time that.句型中，that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。This was the first time that they had met in thirty-nine years.这是三十九年里他们第一次见面。4.It was+一段时间+since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年来从没这么高兴过。5.表示愿望或打算的词，如：intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose，ex

30、pect，think等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜的情感。I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你的，但我这里来了个不速之客6.用在表示“一就”的句型中：Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had+主语+done.when.did.；No sooner had+主语+done.than.did.Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.她刚一上床铃就响了练全题点3单句语法填空1.Si

31、lk_(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.2.When walking down the street,I came across David,whom I _(not see) for years.3.Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I_ (leave) my book in the cafe.4.Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really, She_(gi

32、ve) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.5.During his stay in Xian, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends _(recommend).考点清单 将来时态一、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其形式除了“will或shall+动词原形”外还有以下几种：1.某些表示瞬间动作的动词用于现在进行时，可表示按计划、安排将要发生，且这一动作通常表示不久以后就要发生。此类动词有：go，come，start.leave.stay.retu

33、rn,arrive,begintakemeet等。We are going to the cinema tonight.我们打算今晚去看电影。My uncle is coming back from abroad.我叔叔要从国外回来了。2.既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来动作。常用动词有：be,begin, come,go,leave, stop,end,arrive,open,stay,return等The plane takes off at 15:05.飞机15:05起飞。School finishes on January 18th.这学期1月1

34、8号结束。3.当主句为一般将来时，以after,when,while，as soon as，before,once，if,unless等引导的时间或条件状语从句，及在even if，in case等引导的状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来；在the more.the more.句型中，从句也要用一般现在时代替将来时。When you meet him,he will tell you the truth.你见到他时，他会告诉你真相。Even if I have to sell my house,Ill keep my business going.即使我必须要卖掉我的房子，我还是要继续我的事业

35、。The harder you work,the better the results will be.你工作越努力，结果就越好。4.如果主句是一般将来时，连接词so，who，whether，where等引导的从句中，也可以用一般现在时表示将来。The man who marries my daughter will need to be tough,fast-moving and quick thinking.娶我女儿的人必须得身体强壮、反应迅速、思维敏捷。5.“be going to+动词原形”可表示将来情况。人作主语时表示打算做某事；物作主语时表示目前迹象表明将要发生某事。They ar

36、e going to hold a meeting to discuss it.他们打算召开会议来讨论这件事This rope is going to break soon.这条绳子就快断了。6.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、安排将要做某事。They are to meet at the gate of the school.他们将在学校门口见面。7.be about to do sth.表示即将发生的动作，不能和表示将来的时间状语连用。Be quiet! The film is about to start.安静！电影马上就开始了。练全题点1 单句语法填空1.As you go thr

37、ough this book,you _(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience.2.Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I _(call) him later.3.What time is it?I have no idea. But just a minute,l _(check) it for you.4.If new farming methods suc

38、ceed,they_ (increase) their production by 20 percent.5.My family_ (go) for a picnic next Sunday.6.Do you think we should accept their offer?Yes,we should,for we _(have) such bad luck so far,and time_ (run) out.7.Unless it_ (rain),well go for a picnic next Sunday.8.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten

39、 your seat belts. The plane_ (go) through a cloud.9.We were about to leave school_ it began to snow.10.If you_(win) the game,you will have to train hard.二、将来时的其他形式1.将来进行时表示将来某个时间点或时间段正进行的动作，通常有明显的时间状语。At this time tomorrow we will be flving over the Atlantic.明天这个时候我们将正在飞越大西洋。2.过去将来时（1）表示过去将要发生的动作或存在

40、的状态。常用“would+动词原形”She hoped that they would meet again one dav.她希望将来有一天她们能重逢（2）有时用过去进行时was/weredoing表示过去将来时，谓语动词多为go，leave,come,start,begin等动词。They said they were leaving for London soon.他们说他们不久就要动身去伦敦。(3)was/were to do sth.可以表示过去计划或安排做某事。She said she was to take up the position.她说她要担任这个职务。3.将来完成时指将

41、来某一时刻已完成的动作。用于将来完成时的时间状语有：by the time+从句;by the end of+表将来时间的名词；by+将来时间名词等。By the time Jane gets home,her aunt will have left for London to attend a mecting.简到家时，她的姑姑将已经去伦敦参加会议了。练全题点2单句语法填空1.Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child,few people guessed that he_ (go) be a famous scientist whose the

42、ories would change the world.2.At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he_ (become) the first black president of theUnited States of America.3.Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she _(teach) a class at that time.4.James has just arrived, but I didnt know he_ (come) until

43、 yesterday.5.Will you come over to Beijing next summer?Id like to,but my family_ (visit) London that summer,考点清单四 动词的语态一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下(以动词do为例)：一般现在时：am/is/are+done 一般过去时；was/were+done一般将来时：will/shall be+done 现在进行时：am/is/are being+done过去进行时：was/wer

44、e being+done 现在完成时：have/has been+done过去完成时：had been+done 将来完成时：will/shall have been+done过去将来时：would/should be+done 过去将来完成时：would/should have been+done现在完成进行时：have/has been being+done 过去完成进行时：had been being+done二、被动语态的用法1.不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。2.为了强调或突出动作

45、的承受者或事件本身。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者被要求不可触摸展品。3.在文章标题、广告、新闻中。Girls wanted.招女工特别点击：“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周接受一次治疗。4.动作的执行者是无生命的事物时。I was deeply moved by the boys kindness.我被男孩的善良深深地感动了。5.为了礼貌起见而不提及动作的执行者。I have been told many times

46、 not to make noises.有人多次告诉我不要制造噪音。三、主动形式表达被动意义1.系动词(look，feel,taste，sound，smell,prove,seem,appear等）十形容词或名词。The dish tastes good.这道菜尝起来不错。2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin，finish,close,open,start,stop,shut,move,run等）。The store closes at 6:00 p.m.every day.这家商店每天下午6点关门。3.表示主语的特点或特征的动词(read,write,sell,wash,wear,cu

47、t,lock,act,draw,drive,drink,eat,clean等)。Books of this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。4.“介词（in，on，under等）十名词”构成介词短语表示被动意义。in print 在印刷中 on show 展出under control 受控制 under treatment 在治疗中under repair在修理中 under discussion 在讨论中The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。5.want,req

48、uire，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。Your coat needs washing.你的上衣需要洗了。6.be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读7.在“be+形容词+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。The girl isnt easy to get along with.这个女孩不容易相处8.be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租)也

49、用主动形式表示被动意义。He shouldnt be to blame under the circumstances.在这种情况下，他不应该受到指责。练全题点单句语法填空1.More efforts,as reported, _(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.2.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _(hold) back thankfully by the shop window.3.Did

50、 you enjoy the party?Yes. We _(treat) well by our hosts.More expressways _(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 5.In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_（cut).分层必刷 练 提分要义I.单句语法填空1.2020新高考全国卷IThe 80、000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,

51、 for example,_(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.2.2020新高考全国卷IThe parts of a museum open to the public _(call) galleries or rooms.3.2020全国卷The unmanned Chanae-4probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancientChinese moon goddess _(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.4.2020全国卷I“This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon_(construct).”5.2020 全国卷IAs he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could fin