2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号75

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-外交学院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题I had adopted two European clubs as my own, watched their games every weekend, wasted work hours reading blogs about them, emotionally invested myself in their travails.问题1选项A.exertionsB.grittiesC.emulationsD.stretche

2、s【答案】B【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项exertion“发挥；运用；努力”；B选项gritty“坚韧不拔；多沙”；C选项emulation“仿真（效）（技术）；模仿（拟）；竞争；效法”；D选项stretches“一片；一泓；一段；（连续的）一段时间；服刑期”。句意：我接纳了两家欧洲俱乐部，每个周末都观看他们的比赛，把工作时间浪费在阅读有关他们的博客上，全身心地投入到他们的苦战中。travail“艰苦劳动；煎熬，痛苦，艰辛”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。2.单选题The Human Stain, directed by Robert Benton from a screenpl

3、ay by Nicholas Meyer, is an honorable B+ term paper of a movie: sober, scrupulous and earnestly respectful of its literary source. This is precisely the problem: that source, Philip Roths 2000 novel is not especially sober, scrupulous or respectful. It is an angry, ungainly squally of a book, a clam

4、orous defense of sexual vitality in an age of Puritan censoriousness and a lyrical inquiry into the mysteries of race, old age and recent. American history. Like much of Mr. Roths recent work, The Human Stain bursts with characters and ideas, and its apparently haphazard organization disguises an el

5、egant and cunning narrative strategy.The filmmakers explicate Mr. Roths themes with admirable clarity and care and observe his characters with delicate fondness, but they cannot hope to approximate the brilliance and rapacity of his voice, which holds all the novels disparate elements together. With

6、out the active intervention of Mr. Roths intelligence the story fails to cohere. Its people wander through a strangely artificial landscape, and the ideas hover in the air above them like clouds painted on a backdrop.Zuckerman played by Gary Sinise has retreated to a lakeside cabin in New England, h

7、oping to find peace and quiet after two divorces and a bout of prostate cancer.His solitude is interrupted one night by the arrival of Coleman Silk played by Anthony Hopkins, a former dean and classics professor at nearby Athena College, who was forced to resign after being accused of making racist

8、remarks during a lecture. Coleman, whose wife died suddenly in the wake of the scandal, wants to take revenge on his former colleagues by writing a book. He puts this project aside once he falls into a revivifying affair with Faunia Farley played by Nicole Kidman, a damaged, desolate and illiterate

9、34-year-old who does menial jobs at the college, the post office and a local dairy farm Their sexual idyll is menaced by the faculty busybodies who chased Coleman from his job, and also by Faunias former husband, Lester (Ed Harris), a deranged Vietnam veteran who sued to beat her and now stalks her

10、in his big red pickup truck.What keeps the movie, which opens today nationwide, from drifting in the Sargasso Sea of literary high-mindedness is the vitality of the acting. Mr. Bention is the kind of director whose affection and respect for actors seep through the screen; his solicitude seems to ope

11、n them up.That Mr.Hopkins and Ms. Kidman are miscast is almost axiomatic. Ms. Kidman tries to overcome this by sheer force of will, struggling to stifle her natural radiance, blunt her crystalline voice and blur her fine features, and she comes closer to succeeding than you might expect. Mr. Hopkins

12、, for his part, must battle a more glaring discrepancy, and he does so with swinging nonchalance. Coleman Silk is a black man who has passed for white for most of his adult life, styling himself as the first Jewish classicist ever hired at Athena.These peculiarities of casting matter less than they

13、might; or rather how much they matter changes from scene to scene. The film includes some sex, a boxing match and an occasional burst of dancing, but most of the action consists of two characters in a room talking. Some of these moments-a late confrontation between Lester and Zuckerman, a breakfast

14、table quarrel between Faunnia and Coleman, a meeting of the minds between Faunnia and a large, caged crow-are awkwardly paced and placed, but many others are alive with human pain and heat.Some of the best performances are in secondary roles. Jacinda Barrett is wonderfully touching as Colemans first

15、 great love, a blond Midwesterner to whom he decides, heedlessly and a little cruelly, to divulge the secret of his race. Ms. Snuth, her face a mask of maternal stoicism, brings home the tragedy of Colemans decision to pass for white with a speech so drily and evenly enunciated that its lacerating i

16、nsight only registers once the camera has turned away.At its beat-which also tends to be at its quietesThe Human Stain allows you both to care about its characters and to think about the larger issues that their lives represent. Its deepest flaw is an inability to link those moments of empathy and i

17、nsight into a continuous drama, to suggest that the characters lives keep going when they are not on screen. The films powerful individual scenes seem like excerpts from a missing whole, well-appointed rooms in a house whose beams and girders have been cut away.1. The human Stain is a（ ）.2. The Huma

18、n Stain（ ）.3. Which of the following is the flaw of The Human Stain in the authors opinion?4. Which of the following could be a possible comment made by the author?5. The authors attitude towards The Human Stain is（ ）.问题1选项A.respectable screenplayB.scrupulous novelC.characteristic bookD.movie with m

19、any characters问题2选项A.Fails to make the story coherentB.was produced by a good writerC.has the best actors and actressesD.is full of mysterious landscapes问题3选项A.It is not from a good screenplay.B.Some actors are not suitable for their roles.C.There is too much talking between people.D.Ms. Kidman and

20、Mr. Hopkins are poor actors.问题4选项A.The Human Stain is mysterious and unscrupulous.B.The Human Stain is sober, scrupulous and respectful.C.The Human Stain does not tell us a coherent story.D.The Human Stain well reveals human weaknesses.问题5选项A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.sympathetic【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题

21、:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题题。由题干可定位到文章第一段第一句“The Human Stain, directed by Robert Benton from a screenplay by Nicholas Meyer, is an honorable B+ term paper of a movie: sober, scrupulous and earnestly respectful of its literary source.（改编自Nicholas Meyer的剧本，由Robert Benton执导的人性的污点是一篇令人尊敬的关于电影的B+学期论文报告：冷静、谨慎

22、、认真地尊重它的文学来源。）”。由此可知人性的污点是一篇学期论文报告。A选项“值得尊敬的剧本”；B选项“谨慎的小说”；C选项“特色书籍”；D选项“有许多角色的电影”，因此C选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章第二段的第二句话“Without the active intervention of Mr. Roths intelligence the story fails to cohere.（如果没有Mr. Roth的参与，本书所述的衔接就成了问题）”。由此可知该书有一位很好的作者。A选项“不能使故事连贯”说法错误；B选项“是一位好作家写的”正确；C选项“有最好的男女演员”和D选项“充

23、满了神秘的风景”文章都没有提到，因此B选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到文章第六段第一句“That Mr. Hopkins and Ms. Kidman are miscast is almost axiomatic.（霍普金斯先生和基德曼女士选错角色几乎是不言自明的。）”。由此可知作者认为有些演员并不适合其角色扮演。A选项“它不是出自一个好的剧本”；C选项“角色之间的对话太多了”；D选项“基德曼女士和霍普金斯先生都是可怜的演员”都不符合题意，B选项“有些演员不适合他们的角色”符合题意，因此B选项正确。4.作者意图题。根据全文可知，作者描述了人性的污点中的主要情节以及主要人物的命运，最后

24、一段作者说道“At its beat-which also tends to be at its quietestThe Human Stain allows you both to care about its characters and to think about the larger issues that their lives represent.（关于它的节奏，往往是最安静的人性的污点让你既关心它的人物，并思考他们的生活所代表的更大的问题。）”，由此可知作者对该书的认识很深刻。A选项“人类的污点是神秘而不讲道德的”；B选项“人类的污点是冷静、细心、恭敬的”；C选项“人类的污点并

25、没有告诉我们一个连贯的故事”；都不太符合题意。D选项“人类的污点充分暴露了人类的弱点”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。5.观点态度题。由最后一段“Its deepest flaw is an inability to link those moments of empathy and insight into a continuous drama, to suggest that the characters lives keep going when they are not on screen.（它最大的缺陷是无法将这些同理心和洞察力与持续不断的剧情联系起来，无法暗示出角色不在屏幕上时，他们的

26、生活仍在继续。）”可知作者指出本书有成功的一面也有一些缺陷。A选项“消极的”、B选项“积极的”、D选项“同情的”都不正确，C选项“中肯的”符合题意，因此C选项正确。3.翻译题When your personal wealth is greater than the gross domestic product of Slovakia, finding an incentive to get out of bed on a chilly Monday morning in Seattle is never going to be easy.So its perhaps no great surp

27、rise that Bill Gates, the worlds richest man, has decided to walk away from his day-to-day involvement with Microsoft, the behemoth he co-founded more than 30 years ago.Instead of fretting about computer codes, the 50-year-old will use his obsessive attention to detail to oversee how the Bill and Me

28、linda Gates Foundation spends its assets of 16 billion.In abandoning his career on the cusp of middle age and devoting the rest of his life to charitable causes, Gateswho is worth about 27 billion is following a well-trodden path.Ever since the industrial revolution, wealthy self-made businessmen an

29、d women have felt a calling to create a legacy that goes beyond a profit and loss sheet.【答案】当你的个人财富超过斯洛伐克的国内生产总值时，要想找出周一早上顶着西雅图的寒冷彻骨也要起床上班的动力，就实在不那么容易了。因此，世界首富比尔盖茨（Bill Gates）决定不再参与30多年前他与人共同创办的软件巨头微软的日常工作，也就不足为奇了。现年50岁的盖茨决定不再与软件代码这一类事务打交道，转而专心致志于比尔和梅琳达盖茨基金会如何花费了160亿英镑这一细节问题上。身价270亿英镑的盖茨在中年之际放弃了自己的事

30、业，将余生献给了慈善事业。自工业革命以来，白手起家的富有商人们就感受到了超越追求财产损益表力量的召唤。4.单选题This is a common or（ ）dispute.问题1选项A.doorB.toiletC.gardenD.kitchen【答案】C【解析】考查固定短语搭配。common or garden“普通的，常见的，一般的”。句意：这是一个常见的争论。因此C选项正确。5.单选题Olive oil has been one of the staples of the Mediterranean diet for thousands of years and its popularit

31、y is growing rapidly in other parts of the world. It is one of the most versatile oils for cooking and it enhances the taste of many foods. Olive oil is the only type of vegetable/fruit oil that can be obtained from just pressing. Most other types of popular oils (cor, canola, etc.) must be processe

32、d in other ways to obtain the oil. Another important bonus is that olive oil has proven health benefits. Three basic grades of olive oil are most often available to the consumer: extra Virgin; Virgin and Olive Oil. In addition to the basic grades, olive oil differs from one country or region to anot

33、her because of the types of olives that are grown, the harvesting methods, the time of the harvest, and the pressing techniques. These factors all contribute to the individual characteristics of the olive oil.Olive trees must be properly cared for in order to achieve good economic yields, care inclu

34、des regular irrigation, pruning, fertilizing, and killing pests. Olives will survive on very poor sites with shallow soils but will grow very slowly and yield poorly. Deep soils tend to produce excessively vigorous trees, also with lower yields. The ideal site for olive oil production is a clay loam

35、 soil with good internal and surface drainage. Irrigation is necessary to produce heavy crops and avoid alternate bearing. The site must be free of hard winter frosts because wood damage will occur at temperatures below 15 F and a lengthy spell of freezing weather can ruin any chances for a decent c

36、rop. The growing season also must be warm enough so fruits mature before even light fall frosts (usually by early November) because of potential damage to the fruit and oil quality. Fortunately olive trees are very hardy in hot summer temperatures and they are drought tolerant.The best olive oils ho

37、ld a certificate by an independent organization that authenticates the stone ground and cold pressed extraction process. In this process, olives are first harvested by hand at the proper stage of ripeness and maturity. Experts feel that hand harvesting, as opposed to mechanical harvesting, eliminate

38、s bruising of the fruit which causes tartness and oil acidity. The olives harvested are transferred daily to the mill. This is very important because this daily transfer minimizes the time spent between picking and pressing. Some extra virgin olive oil producers are known to transfer the olives by m

39、ulti-ton trucks over long distances that expose the fragile fruit to crushing weight and the hot sun, which causes the olives to begin oxidizing and thus becoming acidic. In addition to the time lapse between harvesting and pressing, olive oil must be obtained using mechanical processes only to be c

40、onsidered virgin or extra virgin. If heat and/or chemical processes are used to produce the olive oil or if the time lapse is too long, it cannot be called virgin or extra virgin.Once at the mill, the leaves are sucked away with air fans and the olives are washed with circulating potable water to re

41、move all impurities. The first step of extraction is mashing the olives to create a paste. The oil, comprising 20% to 30% of the olive, is nestled in pockets within the fruits cells. The olives are crushed in a mill with two granite millstones rolling within a metal basin. Crushing and mixing the ol

42、ives releases the oil from the cells of the olive without heating the paste. A side shutter on the mills basin allows the mixed olive paste to be discharged and applied to round mats. The mats are stacked and placed under the head of a hydraulic press frame that applies downward pressure and extract

43、s the oil. The first pressing yields the superior quality oil, and the second and third pressings produce inferior quality oil. Some single estate producers collect the oil that results from just the initial crushing while many other producers use an additional step to extract more oil. The olive pu

44、lp is placed on mats constructed with hemp or polypropylene that are stacked and then pressed to squeeze the pulp. Oil and water filter through the mats to a collection tank below. The water and oil are then separated in a centrifuge.Regardless of the method used for the first pressing, the temperat

45、ure of the oil during production is extremely important in order to maintain the distinct characteristics of the oil. If the temperature of the oil climbs above 86 F, it will be damaged and cannot be considered cold-pressed.The first pressing oil contains the most “polyphenols”, substances that have

46、 been found to be powerful antioxidants capable of protecting against certain types of disease. The polyphenols are not the only substances in the olive with health-promoting effects, but they are quite unique when compared to other commonly used culinary oils such as sunflower and soy. It is these

47、polyphenols that really set extra virgin olive oils apart from any other oil and any other form of olive oil. The more refined the olive oil is, the smaller the quantity of polyphenols.The result of the producers efforts is a cold pressed extra virgin olive oil with high quality standards and organo

48、leptic characteristics, which give the oil its health-protective and aromatic properties.1. According to the text, which of the following does NOT affect the individual features of olive oils from different regions?2. According to the text, which of the following is NOT part of olive tree management

49、?3. According to the text, what is the main danger of frost?4. According to the text, which of the following does NOT affect the “extra virgin” olive oil certification?5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?问题1选项A.Picking techniquesB.The date of the pickingC.Olive varietiesD.Acce

50、ss to water问题2选项A.Careful wateringB.ReplantingC.Killing parasitesD.Feeding问题3选项A.Kills the olive trees.B.The fruit wont mature.C.Not enough fruit will be produced.D.The olives produced will be small in size.问题4选项A.The temperature of the extraction process.B.The time gap between tree and bottle.C.Whi

51、ch pressing the oil is taken from.D.Using water in the extraction process.问题5选项A.Olive trees dont need a regular supply of water to survive.B.No other cooking oils apart from olive oil contain polyphenols.C.Damage to olives before they are pressed can affect the taste of the oil.D.Many producers ext

52、racted more oil after the first pressing to produce virgin.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第七句话“In addition to the basic grades, olive oil differs from one country or region to another because of the types of olives that are grown, the harvesting methods, the time of the harve

53、st, and the pressing techniques.（除了基本等级外，不同国家或地区的橄榄油也有所不同，原因在于所种植的橄榄的种类、收获方法、收获时间和压榨技术。）”，由此可知A选项“采摘技术”；B选项“收获时间”；C选项“橄榄的品种”都会影响橄榄油的特性，只有D选项“供水”不会影响，因此D选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第一句话“Olive trees must be properly cared for in order to achieve good economic yields, care includes regular irrigation, pr

54、uning, fertilizing, and killing pests.（为了获得良好的经济产量，橄榄树必须得到适当的护理，护理包括定期灌溉、修剪、施肥和灭虫。）”，由此可知A选项“小心灌溉”；C选项“灭虫”；D选项“喂养”都是橄榄树护理的一部分，只有B选项“再植”不是，因此B选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段的第六句话“The site must be free of hard winter frosts because wood damage will occur at temperatures below 15 F and a lengthy spell of fr

55、eezing weather can ruin any chances for a decent crop.（该地点必须不受严冬霜冻的影响，因为在15F以下的温度下，橄榄树会受到损害，而一段时间的严寒天气可能会毁掉一个好收成的机会。）”，由此可推断出霜冻会杀死橄榄树。B选项“水果不会成熟”；C选项“水果产量不够”；D选项“所生产的橄榄体积较小”都是附带提及，只有A选项“杀死橄榄树”才是主要的危险。因此A选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“This is very important because this daily transfer minimizes the time

56、spent between picking and pressing.（这是非常重要的，因为每天的转换将采摘和按压之间的时间减少到最小。）”和“If heat and/or chemical processes are used to produce the olive oil or if the time lapse is too long, it cannot be called virgin or extra virgin.（如果用加热和/或化学方法生产橄榄油，或者时间间隔太长，就不能称之为初榨或特级初榨橄榄油。）”，由此可知除了采摘和压榨时间考究外，还有热量和化学过程需要注意。A选项“

57、提取过程的温度”；B选项“树和瓶子之间的时间间隔”；C选项“用哪种方式压榨”都会影响“特级初榨”橄榄油认证，只有D选项“在提取过程中用水”文章没有提到，因此D选项正确。5.细节事实题。A选项“橄榄树不需要定期供水来生存”说法错误，文章第二段就提到了橄榄树需要定期灌溉；B选项“除橄榄油外，没有其他食用油含有多酚”文章没有提及；C选项“橄榄压榨前的损坏会影响油的味道”说法正确，文中第三段有说到橄榄受到损害后会呈酸性；D选项“许多生产商在第一次压榨后提取了更多的油来生产初榨油”说法错误，文中第四段说到“Some single estate producers collect the oil that

58、 results from just the initial crushing while many other producers use an additional step to extract more oil.（一些单一的地产生产商只收集最初压榨产生的油，而许多其他生产商使用额外的步骤来提取更多的油。）”因此C选项正确。6.翻译题Since Alfred Nobel died in 1896 we have entered an age of storm and tragedy. The power of man has grown in every sphere except ov

59、er himself. Never in the field of action have events seemed so harshly to dwarf personalities. Rarely in history have brutal facts so dominated thought or has such a widespread individual virtue found so dim a collective focus.We in Europe and the western world who have planned for health and social

60、 security, who have marveled at the triumphs of medicine and science, and who have aimed at justice and freedom for all, have nevertheless been witnesses of famine, misery, cruelty, and destruction before which pale the deeds of Genghis Khan. And we who, first in the League of Nations and now in the