2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号56

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题“The Google brand has taken on a life of its own,” concedes Jim Lanzone, the boss of A, the fourth-largest but fastest-growing search engine, and this simultaneously frustrates and delights him. It frustrates him bemu

2、se people say they “Google” things even when they go to Ask or other engines to search the web; bemuse Google is considered, for no good reason (in his opinion), “the safe choice under pressure”; and bemuse many people “dont seem to want choice” and stick to Google out of mere inertia.But it delight

3、s him, because Google, having made many enemies, must now fight many battles; and because Google, perhaps out of hubris, appears to be getting distracted. This month, for instance, Google unveiled a free online spreadsheet program, which, like many Google products, has little to do with web search a

4、nd is meant to needle Microsoft, the worlds largest software company, which has a near-monopoly on spreadsheets through Excel. Google, in other words, has impressive momentum, says Mr. Lanzone, but a good martial-artist can use his opponents momentum to overcome him, so “were using search aikido”.Ya

5、hoo!, the largest internet portal with about 400m users (of its e-mail, instant-messaging, music and other products), has come up with a strategy to differentiate its own search engine. Yahoo! has been at this game for only two years, but now has hundreds of engineers working on it. In contrast to t

6、he quasi-religious faith that Google places in its mathematical algorithms, says Eckart Walther, one of Yahoo!s search bosses, Yahoo! is “about combining the best of people with the best of technology”.Ask is taking a different tack. It has come up with Expert Rank, an algorithm that also ranks web

7、pages by incoming links and links by theme. So instead of using a web pages overall popularity to calculate its ranking, it finds the pages that are most popular among experts on a particular subject, a method that often returns better results than Googles. Ask also uses these thematic clusters to s

8、uggest the best ways to narrow or expand a search, a feature called “zoom” that is very popular. Chris Sherman of Search Engine Watch thinks that Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding online maps and images.As for Microsoft, it has identified Google as a mo

9、rtal threat to its business and has launched an all-out effort to catch up in online services in general, and in search in particular. Last winter, it tried to buy itself market share by negotiating with AOL for a mergeror at least an agreement under which AOL would switch from Googles search techno

10、logy to MSNs; but Google pre-empted Microsoft and itself took a defensive stake in AOL. Microsoft has also hired former rivals who are well respected in the industry.1. What is the central idea of this passage?2. What is the potential crisis for Google according to Jim Lanzone?3. What is the possibl

11、e meaning of “aikido” in Paragraph 2?4. Which of the statement is NOT true about Expert Rank?5. Which is the reaction taken to cope with Googles challenge?问题1选项A.Google manages to seize more market share in software business.B.Googles growth threatens companies like Microsoft to a large extent.C.Goo

12、gle dominates the on-line search market.D.Google is confronted with stiff competition.问题2选项A.Its rivals are trying to form alliance.B.Google extends into various fields.C.Google overestimates its technique.D.Googles new on-line program attracts more users.问题3选项A.Observing the power contrast between

13、the two sides.B.Temporary compromising in attempt to launch a violent fight-back.C.Defending oneself by making use of the rivals strength.D.Attacking the obvious weakness of the opponent.问题4选项A.Ranking is seldom counted by the pages popularity.B.Relevant information can be effectively and efficientl

14、y sought.C.It searches information prevailing in experts on particular topics.D.It even outdoes Google.问题5选项A.Developing spreadsheets with better functions.B.The addition of humanistic consideration to arithmetic rules.C.Linking pages by themes.D.Combing the rivals of Google.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A

15、第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎业务的用户有转向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌扩展业务遇到强劲对手，接下来三段都在讲谷歌的竞争对手具体采取的措施和谷歌竞争，D选项“谷歌面临激烈竞争”正确。A选项“谷歌设法在软件业务中夺取更多的市场份额”，B选项“谷歌的增长在很大程度上威胁到了微软这样的公司”和C选项“谷歌主导了在线搜索市场”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。文章在第一段提出许多人因为惯性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出But it delights him, because G

16、oogle, having made many enemies, must now fight many battles; and because Google, perhaps out of hubris, appears to be getting distracted.（但他很高兴，因为他已经树敌无数，现在必须打许多仗；因为谷歌，也许是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出This month, for instance, Google unveiled a free online spreadsheet program（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免费的在线电子表格程序），列举了谷歌在

17、其他领域的业务，可知这里表示的是谷歌的业务扩展到各个领域，一方面对外有很多竞争者，一方面对内可能精力不足，B选项“谷歌扩展到各个领域”正确。A选项“其对手正试图结成联盟”，C选项“谷歌高估了它的技术”和D选项“谷歌新的在线节目吸引了更多的用户”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。aikido的意思是“合气道（以擒、摔为主的一种日本武术）”。根据第二段最后一句a good martial-artist can use his opponents momentum to overcome him, so “were using search aikido”（一

18、个好的武术家可以利用他的对手的势头来战胜他，所以“我们使用搜索合气道”），所以在这里合气道的意思是利用对手的攻势来反攻对方，C选项“利用对手的力量保护自己”正确。A选项“观察双方的力量对比”，B选项“为了发动暴力反击而做出的暂时妥协”和D选项“攻击对手的明显弱点”：不符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第三句So instead of using a web pages overall popularity to calculate its ranking, it finds the pages that are most popular among

19、experts on a particular subject, a method that often returns better results than Googles.（因此，它不是按照网页总浏览量来计算排序，而是通过专家对某个题目的关注程度排序，这种方法得到的结果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以网页的受欢迎程度计算排名，A选项“排序很少以页面的受欢迎程度来计算”不符合文章内容，故正确；C选项“它搜索专家对特定主题的常关注的信息”和D选项“它甚至超过谷歌”符合文章内容。根据第四段最后一句Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbu

20、t better than Genie for finding online maps and images（在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好），可知B选项“能够有效和高效地寻找相关信息”符合文章内容。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Chris Sherman of Search Engine Watch thinks that Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding onlin

21、e maps and images.（Search Engine Watch的克里斯谢尔曼认为，在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Last winter, it tried to buy itself market share by negotiating with AOL for a mergeror at least an agreement under which AOL would switch from Googles search technology to MSNs（去年冬天，它试图通过与AOL的谈判来购买自己的

22、市场份额或者至少达成一项协议，让AOL从谷歌的搜索技术转向MSN的搜索技术），可知各个公司在关注谷歌竞争对手的产品质量以及和其他公司联合，D选项“观察联合谷歌的竞争对手”正确。A选项“开发功能更好的电子表格”：不是任何一个公司的举措。B选项“算术规则中增加了对于人文的考虑”：根据第三段最后一句Yahoo! is “about combining the best of people with the best of technology”（雅虎是“将最优秀的人与最优秀的技术结合起来”），可知这是雅虎的措施。C选项“通过主题链接页面”：根据第四段第二句It has come up with Ex

23、pert Rank, an algorithm that also ranks web pages by incoming links and links by theme.（Ask推出了“专家排名”算法，该算法还可以根据传入链接和主题对网页进行排名。），可知这是Ask的措施。因此C选项正确。2.单选题Spy writer John Le Carre hit the _ with his caustic portrayal of the citys mix of dreariness and international intrigue in his 1968 novel, A Small T

24、own in Germany.问题1选项A.houseB.homeC.placeD.headline【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项house“房屋”；B选项home“家”；C选项place“地方”；D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”，hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”。句意：间谍作家约翰勒卡雷在1968年出版的小说德国小镇中，以犀利的笔法描写了这个城市的沉闷和国际阴谋。根据语境和词组hit the headlines“成为头条新闻”，D选项headline“（报纸的）大字标题”符合题意。因此D选项正确。3.单选题She admired the di

25、rector to such an extent that she took his words _ as oracles.问题1选项A.divineB.rebelliousC.faithfulD.unbearable【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项divine“神圣的；极好的”；B选项rebellious“叛逆的”；C选项faithful“忠实的”；D选项unbearable“无法忍受的”。句意：她非常崇拜她的主管，到了把他的话当作神谕一样_。根据语境，这里指把主管的话看得像神谕一样神圣，A选项divine“神圣的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。4.单选题Some women

26、 _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.问题1选项A.must makeB.should have madeC.would makeD.could have made【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：有些妇女本可以在工作中获得高薪而不是呆在家里，但她们为了家庭而决定不工作。must do“必须做某事”；should have done“过去本应该做某事却未做”；would do“过去将会做某事”；could

27、 have done“过去本能够做某事却未做”。根据语境，这里指的是过去本可以工作却没有去工作，D选项could have made符合题意。因此D选项正确。5.单选题Did he tell you what _ if he had chance?问题1选项A.was he going to doB.he would doC.he had doneD.he had to do【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：他有没有告诉你如果有机会他会怎么做？What到句尾是宾语从句，其中if引导时间状语从句。根据if引导的时间状语从句采用一般过去时态，确定do的动作有过去的含义；根据语境可知是在

28、将来做do的动作，确定do的动作有将来的含义，所以用过去将来时，B选项he would do符合题意。A选项was he going to do语序错误，was应该在he后面。C选项he had done和D选项he had to do时态错误。因此B选项正确。6.单选题_ her inexperience her failure to secure the contract was not surprising.问题1选项A.In view ofB.With regard toC.By virtue ofD.According to【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项In vi

29、ew of“鉴于，考虑到”；B选项With regard to“至于”；C选项By virtue of“由于，凭借”；D选项According to“按照”。句意：_她缺乏经验，她没能签署那份合同就不足为奇了。根据语境，这里指的是缺乏经验很大程度上让她没能签成合同，A选项In view of“鉴于，考虑到”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7.单选题Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded_ 27%.问题1选项A.toB.inC.byD.for【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项expanded to“

30、增加到”；B选项expand in“在中增加”；C选项expand by“增加了”；D选项expand for非固定搭配。句意：在1974至1997年间，海外游客人数_27%。根据语境，这里指的是海外游客人数在这些年的对比，C选项expand by“增加了”符合题意。因此C选项正确。8.单选题Jane and Susan have _ again and do not speak to each other.问题1选项A.fallen inB.fallen backC.fallen outD.fallen of【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项fallen in“倒塌”；B选项

31、fallen back“后退，撤退”；C选项fallen out“闹翻”；D选项fallen of“的掉落”。句意：简和苏珊又_了，谁都不理谁。根据语境，这里指的是她们两人闹矛盾，都不搭理对方，C选项fallen out“闹翻”符合题意。因此C选项正确。9.单选题The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organiz

32、ation. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the tw

33、enty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skill

34、ed workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid ea

35、rnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes

36、 but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and tha

37、t baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401(k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous ge

38、nerations.The Hudson Institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older workers. Among the reports recommendations: tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and

39、permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allow

40、ed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.1. According to Hudson Institute researcher, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U.S. economy is _.2. The old experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may _.3. The seco

41、nd paragraph is written chiefly to show that _.4. When mentioning “the ongoing stock market on Wall Street” the writer _.5. Towards the issue, what the writer is most concerned about will be _.问题1选项A.constructiveB.significantC.inconclusiveD.disadvantageous问题2选项A.do harm to younger generationsB.end u

42、p with few or no benefitsC.give play to their potentialsD.shed light on social trends问题3选项A.there will be an acute labor shortage in the near futuresB.baby-boomers contribute much to the US economicC.government policies concerning older people are out-datedD.older workers are enthusiastic about coll

43、ecting social benefits问题4选项A.is calling attention to the privileges to which baby-boomers are entitledB.is calling for the government to take countermeasures against labor shortageC.is refuting a notion about experienced workers early retirementD.is justifying the ineffectiveness of federal tax and

44、benefit policies问题5选项A.to advocate radically reforming government policiesB.to take into account the benefits upon retirementC.to put in practice what Hudson researchers believe inD.to prolong the practicability of older experienced employees【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一

45、段The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization.（公共政策研究机构哈德逊研究所的一份新报告显示，有经验的工人提前退休正严重损害美国经济。），可知有经验的工人提前退休具有弊端，D选项“不利的”正确。A选项“建设性的”，B选项“意义重大的”和C选项“无定论的”属于无中生有。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答

46、案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today.（在今天，62岁退休在经济上是一个理性的决定。）和最后一句Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.（尽管收入通

47、常会随着工作年限的增加而增加，但35年之后的任何工资增长都会导致社会保障税的增加，而福利只会小幅增加。），可知许多人希望尽早退休的原因是好处不够，B选项“最终得到很少的好处或得不到好处”正确。A选项“对年轻一代有害”和C选项“发挥他们的潜力”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。D选项“阐明社会趋势”：根据第一段最后一句if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.（如果这种趋势继续下去，劳动力短缺将会阻碍2

48、1世纪的经济增长。），社会趋势指的是许多有经验的老工人很早就退休了，但这不是他们退休的原因，属于出处错位。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。第二段第一句指出人口老龄化会加剧，第二句指出年轻人群的增长很少，第三句建议让年长的技术工人继续就业以维持劳动力数量，如果不改革，劳动力缺乏的情况会更严重，综合可知，A选项“在不久的将来，将会严重劳动力短缺”正确。B选项“婴儿潮一代对美国经济贡献很大”：根据第二段最后一句but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers

49、 seems more likely.（但如果不进行重大政策改革，婴儿潮一代大规模提前退休的可能性似乎更大。），这里没有讲婴儿潮一代对美国经济贡献很大，属于曲解原文。C选项“政府有关老年人的政策已经过时了”：文中没有提到关于老年人的政策，属于无中生有。D选项“年长的工人热衷于将社会福利收入囊中”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。文章在第四段第一句提出Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and refor

50、ms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work（哈德逊研究所的研究人员认为，联邦税收和福利政策是错误的，改革迫在眉睫，但他们不同意一项广受欢迎的提议，即美国老年人必须工作。），可知作者赞同美国老年人必须工作的观点，随后在第四段最后一句提出According tothe ongoing stock market on Wall Streetthere is evidence that baby boomers will r

51、each age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.（根据华尔街股市的持续上涨有证据表明，婴儿潮一代将工作到65岁，比前几代人拥有更多的金融资产。），可知华尔街股市持续上涨的例子是为了支持上面美国老年人必须工作的观点，C选项“反驳有经验的工人提前退休的观点”正确。A选项“正在呼吁人们关注婴儿潮一代所享有的特权”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有。B选项“要求政府采取对策解决劳动力短缺问题”：这里没有提到解决劳动力短缺的问题，属于出处错位。D选项“为联邦税收和福利政策的无效辩护”：作者和哈德逊研究所一样认为联邦税收和福

52、利政策是错误，不符合文章内容，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第一段提出有经验的工人提前退休具有危害，第二段提出需要用政策使他们延长就业，第三段指出他们为什么会提前退休，第四段强调老员工必须工作，第五段阐述了哈德逊研究所对有经验的老员工提前退休的建议后总结必须延长有经验的老员工的工作时间。文章在各个方面阐述为什么需要延长有经验的老员工的工作时间，也给出了建议，D选项“给有经验的老员工延长工作时间的可行性”正确。A选项“主张彻底改革政府政策”：文章只涉及到老员工提前退休的政策，没有提出让政府彻底改革，属于偷换概念。B选项“考虑退休后的福利”：这只是文章

53、的部分内容，属于以偏概全。C选项“将哈德逊研究人员所相信的付诸实践”：作者引用哈德逊研究人员的研究内容只是为了佐证自己的观点，不是想表达的重点，属于曲解原文。因此D选项正确。10.单选题During these ten years, many new methods have been _ in the field of foreign language teaching.问题1选项A.adoptedB.adaptedC.alarmedD.aided【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adopted“采用”；B选项adapted“使适合（新用途、新情况）；适应（新情况）”；C选项

54、alarmed“使惊恐；给（门等）安装警报器”；D选项aided“帮助”。句意：在这十年中，外语教学领域_许多新的方法。根据语境，这里指的是提出许多在外语教学领域上的新方法，A选项adopted“采用”符合题意。因此A选项正确。11.单选题The British constitution is _ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.问题1选项A.byB.atC.whichD.to【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：英国宪法在很大程度上是上述历史事件的产物。D选项to a large

55、extent“在很大程度上”，A选项by a large extent和B选项at a large extent非固定搭配，C选项which引导从句。因此D选项正确。12.单选题Milk, butter, and cheese are _ here from the farms.问题1选项A.importedB.transferredC.transformedD.transported【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项imported“进口”；B选项transferred“（使）转移，搬迁”；C选项transformed“改变，转换”；D选项transported“运输”。句意

56、：牛奶、黄油和奶酪从农场_到这里。根据语境，这里指的是把牛奶等从农场运到另一个地方，D选项transported“运输”符合题意。因此D选项正确。13.单选题The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory.问题1选项A.which to base onB.on which to baseC.to be based onD.to base on【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位教授几乎找不到足够的根据来支持他的新理论。根据横线到句尾是对s

57、ufficient grounds进行修饰的定语从句，确定用引导词which；根据短语base his arguments on these sufficient，确定用介词on，B选项on which to base正确。A选项which to base on介词和语序错误；C选项to be based on和D选项to base on介词使用错误。因此B选项正确。14.单选题The Chinese food in the United States is usually _ for American people.问题1选项A.modifiedB.cookedC.exchangedD.al

58、tered【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modified“稍作修改，使更适合；使温和”；B选项cooked“烹调”；C选项exchanged“交换”；D选项altered“更改；修改（衣服使更合身）”。句意：美国的中餐通常是根据美国人的口味进行_的。根据语境，这里指中餐到了美国就为了适应美国人的口味而进行微小的改变，A选项modified“稍作修改，使更适合”符合题意，D选项altered“更改”只有更改的意思，不是最佳选项。因此A选项正确。15.单选题Sleep is a funny thing. We re taught that we should get seven

59、 or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of strokepro

60、bably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing (睡) soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents (住院医生) are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a doctor, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in